• 제목/요약/키워드: group of units

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CIRCULAR UNITS IN A BICYCLIC FUNCTION FIELD

  • Ahn, Jaehyun;Jung, Hwanyup
    • 충청수학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2008
  • For a real subextension of some cyclotomic function field with a non-cyclic Galois group order $l^2$, l being a prime different from the characteristic of function field, we compute the index of the Sinnott group of circular units.

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On free product in $V(ZS_3)$

  • Shin, Hyunyong;Lyou, Ikseung;Dixon, Martrn R.
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.637-643
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    • 1997
  • The group $V(ZS_3)$ of units of augmentation 1 in the integral group ring $ZS_3$ is characterized as the free product of $C_2$ and $S_3$, where $C_2$ is the cyclic group of order 2.

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ON THE STRUCTURE OF $V(ZS_4)$

  • Shin, Hyunyong;Lyou, Ikseung
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.645-651
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    • 1997
  • The group $V(ZD_4)$ of units of augmentation 1 in the integral group ring $ZD_4$ is characterized as the generalized free product of $D_4$ and $D_4$ with the centers amalgamated.

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도시지역 대규모 노인전문요양시설 거주 및 간호단위의 공간구성 특성 분석 (An Analysis on the Spatial Characteristics of Residential and Nursing Units of Large Skilled Nursing Facilities for the Elderly in City Areas)

  • 이민아
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial characteristics of residential and nursing units in large skilled nursing facilities for the elderly that were located in city areas, and to discuss the way for efficient unit care. For collecting the data, the researcher visited 6 facilities to make explorations and to interview the staff concerned. Most of the research facilities had systematic residential units that each unit basically had elderly private rooms and the spaces for small group. The number of elderly residents per unit was appropriate for the limit which was suggested by Kwon(2002), but the sizes of small group spaces were smaller than the standard limit($1.62m^{2}$ per resident). The nursing units were made up of nursing station, 2-4 residential units, spaces for large group of residents, hair dressing, nurse, living assistants, bathing, storage and etc. Some of them had problem in efficiency of space use because they did not have distinct usage. In conclusion, this study suggests that each floor has one nursing unit including 40 residents maximum and each nursing unit consists of 2-3 residential units that have 20 residents maximum per unit. In each residential unit, the furniture and spaces for efficient unit-care should be arranged, such as TV, dining table, kitchenette, bathroom, and rooms for living assistants. The hall type is better for the small group so that it has a transitional characteristic leading to the public spaces. The large group space needs to have clear usage such as conducting program differentiated from small group, and various furniture such as sofa, TV, table, and etc which encourage the elderly voluntary use.

제조설비의 실제적 감가상각을 위한 경제적 감가상각률 추정방안 (A Study on the Estimation of Economic Depreciation Rate on Industrial Property for Practical Depreciation)

  • 오현승;권세혁;조진형
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.115-119
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    • 2014
  • When the number of items of same type of industrial property is quite large, calculating depreciation for a group of such item may be more efficient than depreciating each item separately. Also, predicting the service life of a specific individual unit is very difficult to do with any degree of accuracy. Estimating the probable average service life (PASL) of many units (or dollars) is not an easy task; however, an average life of many units can probably be predicted with a much higher degree of accuracy than the life of some particular unit. Using the average of many units allows for some units having relatively short lives and some units having relatively long lives without specifying whether a particular unit will have a short or a long life. If the life of each vintage in an account are not estimated, then the broad group procedure can be used. The broad group procedure depreciates the several vintage in an account as a single group. The PASL for this procedure is the estimate of the average of lives of the individual dollars in the group. If the estimated PASL's of the vintages are not the same, then a weighted average PASL would have to be calculated for each calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of accrual rates and the annual depreciation charge for each of the calendar years by the broad group depreciation procedure.

한국 거주 중국 대학생 대상 영양교육 효과 - 개인 맞춤형 하루 필요 에너지 및 식품군 단위수 교육을 중심으로 - (Effects of Nutrition Education for Chinese College Students in Korea - Focused on Personalized Daily Energy Requirement and Food Exchange Units -)

  • 곽가려;김순경;김정원;김미현;김세나;김숙배
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.565-576
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea. The subjects were 64 Chinese college students in Korea (educated group, 32 students vs. non-educated group, 32 students). Educated group was lessoned as group and/or individual. Nutrition education program consisted of four lessons (40min/lesson), '6 major nutrients & function (group lesson)', '6 food group and sources (group lesson)', 'personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units using Food Exchange System (individual lesson)', and 'smart choice of snacks and eating-out foods (group lesson)'. We examined the differences between educated group and non-educated group in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake. After education, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge: 'function and foods of 6 nutrients', on dietary attitudes: 'type of breakfast' in educated group. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRI), there were positive improvements on intake levels of riboflavin, fiber, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, Ca and K in the educated group. In the index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased in the educated group. In conclusion, it is possible to improve nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea through the nutrition education focused on personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units.

초등학교 저학년용 영양교육 소책자 개발 및 효과 분석 - 개인별 맞춤형 하루 필요 식품군 단위수 교육을 중심으로 - (Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Pamphlet for the Lower Grades Elementary Students - Focused on Individual Daily Needed Food Exchange Units -)

  • 손민정;조영숙;김세나;서혜지;김숙배
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.647-660
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

The Relation Between Units and Nilpotents

  • Cheon, Jeoung Soo;Kwak, Tai Keun;Lee, Yang;Seo, Young Joo
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제62권2호
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    • pp.213-227
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    • 2022
  • We discuss the relation between units and nilpotents of a ring, concentrating on the transitivity of units on nilpotents under regular group actions. We first prove that for a ring R, if U(R) is right transitive on N(R), then Köthe's conjecture holds for R, where U(R) and N(R) are the group of all units and the set of all nilpotents in R, respectively. A ring is called right UN-transitive if it satisfies this transitivity, as a generalization, a ring is called unilpotent-IFP if aU(R) ⊆ N(R) for all a ∈ N(R). We study the structures of right UN-transitive and unilpotent-IFP rings in relation to radicals, NI rings, unit-IFP rings, matrix rings and polynomial rings.