• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

Wind power tower has been used to augment the performance of VAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine). However, inappropriately designed wind power tower could reduce the performance of VAWT. Hence, an optimization study was conducted on a wind power tower. Six design variables were selected, such as the outer radius and the inner radius of the guide wall, the adoption of the splitter, the inner radius of the splitter, the number of the guide wall and the circumferential angle. For the objective function, the periodic averaged torque obtained at the VAWT was selected. In the optimization, Design of Experiment (DOE), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been applied in order to avoid a localized optimized result. The ANN has been continuously improved after finishing the optimization process at each generation. The performance of the VAWT was improved more than twice when it operated within the optimized wind power tower compared to that obtained at a standalone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.607-613
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• 2019

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes related to pig IMF, especially using pig populations with high IMF content variation, can help to establish novel molecular breeding tools for optimizing IMF in pork and unveil the mechanisms that underlie fat metabolism. Methods: We collected muscle samples of 453 Chinese Lulai black pigs, measured IMF content by Soxhlet petroleum-ether extraction method, and genotyped genome-wide SNPs using GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Porcine HD BeadChip. Then a genome-wide association study was performed using a linear mixed model implemented in the GEMMA software. Results: A total of 43 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with IMF content by the cutoff p<0.001. Among these significant SNPs, the greatest number of SNPs (n = 19) were detected on Chr.9, and two linkage disequilibrium blocks were formed among them. Additionally, 17 significant SNPs are mapped to previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IMF and confirmed previous QTLs studies. Forty-two annotated genes centering these significant SNPs were obtained from Ensembl database. Overrepresentation test of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms revealed some enriched reactome pathways and GO terms, which mainly involved regulation of basic material transport, energy metabolic process and signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of IMF content in pork and facilitate the follow-up study of fine-mapping genes that influence fat deposition in muscle.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2021

Steel slag, an industrial reject from the steel rolling process, has been identified as one of the suitable, environmentally friendly materials for concrete production. Given that the coarse aggregate portion represents about 70% of concrete constituents, other economic approaches have been found in the use of alternative materials such as steel slag in concrete. Unfortunately, a standard framework for its application is still lacking. Therefore, this study proposed functional model equations for the determination of strength properties (compression and splitting tensile) of steel slag aggregate concrete (SSAC), using gene expression programming (GEP). The study, in the experimental phase, utilized steel slag as a partial replacement of crushed rock, in steps 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, respectively. The predictor variables included in the analysis were cement, sand, granite, steel slag, water/cement ratio, and curing regime (age). For the model development, 60-75% of the dataset was used as the training set, while the remaining data was used for testing the model. Empirical results illustrate that steel aggregate could be used up to 100% replacement of conventional aggregate, while also yielding comparable results as the latter. The GEP-based functional relations were tested statistically. The minimum absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) for compressive strength are 6.9 and 1.4, and 12.52 and 0.91 for the train and test datasets, respectively. With the consistency of both the training and testing datasets, the model has shown a strong capacity to predict the strength properties of SSAC. The results showed that the proposed model equations are reliably suitable for estimating SSAC strength properties. The GEP-based formula is relatively simple and useful for pre-design applications.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.765-776
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• 2020

The retinal degenerative disease, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a major reason of vision impairment in canine population. Canine PRA signifies an inherently dissimilar category of retinal dystrophies which has solid resemblances to human retinis pigmentosa. Even though much is known about the biology of PRA, the knowledge about the intricate connection among genetic loci, genes and pathways associated to this disease in dogs are still remain unknown. Therefore, we have performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRA. The GWAS was performed using a case-control based association analysis method on PRA dataset of 129 dogs and 135,553 markers. Further, the gene-set and pathway analysis were conducted in this study. A total of 1,114 markers associations with PRA trait at p < 0.01 were extracted and mapped to 640 unique genes, and then selected significant (p < 0.05) enriched 35 gene ontology (GO) terms and 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways contain these genes. In particular, apoptosis process, homophilic cell adhesion, calcium ion binding, and endoplasmic reticulum GO terms as well as pathways related to focal adhesion, cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-protein kinase G signaling, and axon guidance were more likely associated to the PRA disease in dogs. These data could provide new insight for further research on identification of potential genes and causative pathways for PRA in dogs.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2021

In this paper, an optimal controller design that guarantees absolute stability is proposed. The order of application of the thesis determines whether the delay time is included, and if the delay time is included, the delay time is approximated through the Pade approximation method. Then, the open loop transfer function for the process model and the controller transfer function is obtained, and the absolute stability interval is calculated by the Routh-Hurwitz discrimination method. In the last step, the optimal Proportional and Integral and Derivative(PID) control parameter value is calculated using a genetic algorithm using the interval obtained in the previous step. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed method guarantees stability and is superior to the existing method in performance index by designing an optimal controller. If we study the compensation method for the delay time in the future, it is judged that better performance indicators will be obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2022

Soil moisture is significantly related to crop growth and plays an important role in irrigation management. To predict soil moisture, various process-based model has been developed and used in the world. Various models (Land surface model) may have different performance depending on the model parameters and structures that causes the different model output for the same modeling condition. In this study, the three land surface models (Noah Land Surface Model, Soil Water Atmosphere Plant, Community Land Model) were used to compare the model performance (soil moisture prediction) and develop the multi-model simulation. At first, the genetic algorithm was used to estimate the optimal soil parameters for each model, and the parameters were used to predict soil moisture in the study area. Then, we used the multi-model approach based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA). The results derived from this approach showed a better match to the measurements than the results from the original single land surface model. In addition, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the single model and utilizing multi-model methods can help to increase the accuracy of soil moisture prediction.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2022

A building's eco-friendliness is directly related to various values including the life cycle cost of a building. However, the conventional architectural design method has a limitation in that it cannot create an optimized case according to the surrounding environmental conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to present a design assistance tool that can review planning cases optimized for the environmental conditions of the building site in the planning stage of architectural production. To achieve the purpose of the study, an algorithm for realizing 3D modeling of the region and analysis of the solar environment was produced based on the site contours, building, and road information from the digital topographic map provided by the National Geographic Information Institute. To examine the validity of the developed algorithm, a comparative experiment was conducted targeting the elevation direction of the existing building. As a result, it was found that the optimal elevation direction selected by the algorithm can receive higher insolation compared to the front facade of the main building.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Sperm cryopreservation is a fundamental process for the long-term conservation of livestock genetic resources. Yet, the packaging method has been shown, among other factors, to affect the frozen-thawed (FT) sperm quality. This study aimed to develop a new mini-straw for sperm cryopreservation. In addition, the kinematic patterns, viability, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of boar spermatozoa frozen in the developed 0.25 mL straw, 0.25 mL (minitube, Germany), or 0.5 mL (IMV technologies, France) straws were assessed. Post-thaw kinematic parameters were not different (experiment 1: total motility (33.89%, 32.42%), progressive motility (19.13%, 19.09%), curvilinear velocity (42.32, 42.86), and average path velocity (33.40, 33.62) for minitube and the developed straws, respectively. Further, the viability (38.56%, 34.03%), acrosome integrity (53.38%, 48.88%), MMP (42.32%, 36.71%) of spermatozoa frozen using both straw were not differ statistically (p > 0.05). In experiment two, the quality parameters for semen frozen in the developed straw were compared with the 0.5 mL IMV straw. The total motility (41.26%, 39.1%), progressive motility (24.62%, 23.25%), curvilinear velocity (46.44, 48.25), and average path velocity (37.98, 39.12), respectively, for IMV and the developed straw, did not differ statistically. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the viability (39.60%, 33.17%), acrosome integrity (46.23%, 43.23%), and MMP (39.66, 32.51) for IMV and the developed straw, respectively. These results validate the safety and efficiency of the developed straw and highlight its great potential for clinical application. Moreover, both 0.25 mL and 0.5 mL straws fit the present protocol for cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.656-664
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• 2022

Pectobacterium odoriferum is the primary causative agent in Kimchi cabbage soft-rot diseases. The pathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium genera are responsible for significant yield losses in crops. However, P. odoriferum shares a vast range of hosts with P. carotovorum, P. versatile, and P. brasiliense, and has similar biochemical, phenotypic, and genetic characteristics to these species. Therefore, it is essential to develop a P. odoriferumspecific diagnostic method for soft-rot disease because of the complicated diagnostic process and management as described above. Therefore, in this study, to select P. odoriferum-specific genes, species-specific genes were selected using the data of the P. odoriferum JK2.1 whole genome and similar bacterial species registered with NCBI. Thereafter, the specificity of the selected gene was tested through blast analysis. We identified novel species-specific genes to detect and quantify targeted P. odoriferum and designed specific primer sets targeting HAD family hydrolases. It was confirmed that the selected primer set formed a specific amplicon of 360 bp only in the DNA of P. odoriferum using 29 Pectobacterium species and related species. Furthermore, the population density of P. odoriferum can be estimated without genomic DNA extraction through SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative PCR using a primer set in plants. As a result, the newly developed diagnostic method enables rapid and accurate diagnosis and continuous monitoring of soft-rot disease in Kimchi cabbage without additional procedures from the plant tissue.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 2022

Customized cosmetics are emerging as a consumer product that companies should pay attention to in the beauty industry due to the combination of market trends and institutional introduction of customized cosmetics. In this study, six offline service brands and online service brands currently in Korea were selected to understand the current status of domestic customized cosmetics online and offline services and to derive detailed characteristics, and the cases of each brand were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, customized cosmetics services could be classified online and offline. Second, customized cosmetics brands could be divided into general brand types and brand extension types. Third, skin data measurements could be classified into genetic analysis, big data-based surveys, and device measurements. Fourth, customized cosmetics manufacturing could be classified into a device manufacturing system, a consultant manufacturing system, and an individual production process system. Fifth, customized cosmetics distribution and delivery could be classified into same-day sales, general delivery, and regular delivery. The results of this study are meaningful in that they have identified and analyzed the current status of personalized cosmetics on-line and offline systems in recent trends, and it was confirmed that creative attempts in the domestic customized cosmetics market continue to change. It is hoped that this study will provide information and ideas to the beauty industry and related experts in the future and be used as basic data for customized cosmetics marketing