• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.376-386
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses and the Subjective sensations of the human subjects when 10 human subjects(5 males and 5 females) were tested with selected ensembles, including the uniforms of students, industrial and bank workers. For the study, garment material and design were selected, which was mostly used in Taegu area by the survey. Thermal manikin and the human subject tests were performed. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference among skin temperature of head by season and among that of breast and back by all variables, however, there was a significant difference among that of belly by gender and that of thigh and shank by season. In addition, there was no significant difference among rectal temperature by gender and season, but there was a significant difference by uniform. 2. Mean skin temperature of male subjects was significantly higher than that of female subjects. Specially in lower environmental condition, the difference got larger. 3. There was a significant difference among purse rate of subjects by uniform, but there was no significant difference among those by gender and season. There were no significant difference among maximum and minimum blood pressure by gender, uniform, and season. 4. There was a significant difference in temperature of chest among gender and uniform, and there was no significant difference in temperature of back by season. In addition, There was a significant difference in humidity of back by uniform and season but there were no significant difference in that by gender. 5. There was a significant difference in humidity sensation by gender, comfort sensation by uniform and season, but there was no significant difference thermal sensation by uniform and season. 6. For the result of regression analysis, we got the regression equations as follows: Clo=1.810 Thickness+0.525, Clo=0.475 weight+0.863.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study is to offer some standards for the classification of Sasang Constitutions according to age groups through analyzing the characteristics of their body shape and comparing with their frontal silhouettes. The subject of this study were 192 female and 167 male patients who aged from 17 to 64 in Pusan. They were treated with Sasang Constitutional medicine. 5 Heights, 7 widths of their body were measured with modified IBS-2000. Collected 12 anthropometric data was analyzed by T-test and ANOVA. Width is more suitable than height in estimating Sasang Constitutions regardless of gender differences. W2_1, W2_2, W2_4, W2_5, W2_51 are suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions regardless of gender differences and age groups. in case of female, H45 in 33${\sim}$64 age group is suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions. In case of male, H12, W2_1 in 17${\sim}$32 age group and H01, W2_0, H23 in 33${\sim}$64 age group are suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions. All Sasang Constitutions with the exception of Taeyangin female have to consider age groups, when we estimate Sasang Constitutions. From the above results, we have to consider not only gender differences but also age groups to classify Sasang Constitutions from body shape point of view.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2014

This study has recently been issued to businesses and consumers who examined the effects of cross-advertising model. Experimental design, the model type (2) ${\times}$ sexuality products (2) ${\times}$ advertising message appeal form (2) is a factorial design. The results are as follows. First, the advertising model, based on the type of cognitive response to advertising than the general model of cross-recall index was higher model. Second, the product of gender identity in response to what the advertising product for women than men was higher index of product recalls. Third, the ad attention model ANOVA results for each type of message, the main effect of appeal type was identified. In addition, the type and model of sexual identity, and message appeal type in the type of model interaction effects were found. Finally, the model-product analysis of goodness of fit, the model type and sexual identity and appeal type messages of main effect were identified. The result is more efficient advertising effect model strategies for promoting meaningful results, it is meant to be confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.117-133
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in self-esteem, body satisfaction, body image and clothing attitude according to gender and somatotype. Also the paths for the clothing attitude affected by these variables were analyzed. The data for this research were collected from questionnaires of 210 male and 180 female college students. Body image is categorized as three factors, 'interest in appearance', 'concern about weight', and 'satisfaction in appearance'. And clothing attitude is categorized as five factors, 'fashionability', 'status symbolism', 'modesty', 'conformity', and 'manageability'. Male students were more satisfied with their body satisfaction than female students. Female students showed higher interest in appearance and concern about weight than male students. Thin somatotype showed high self-esteem interest in appearance, and fashionability. Fashionability was indirectly affected by gender, somatotype, self-esteem and body satisfaction, and was directly affected in the cases of high interest and satisfaction in appearance. Status symbolism was significantly affected in the cases of female students and high interest in appearance. Modesty was significantly affected in the cases of female students and low satisfaction in appearance. Conformity was significantly affected in the cases of high interest in appearance. Manageability was indirectly affected by gender, somatotype and self-esteem, and was directly affected in the cases of low interest in appearance.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2020

This study is about consumer preference of plastic toilets that can provide automatic supply of recycled water. First, the preference for plastic toilet seat design by gender and age group was preferred for gender type C and G for the sex. As the result of the chi-square test, the significance probability is .044 and the significance is P <.0 5. I could confirm that. Age, teens, 40 s, and 50 s or older prefer type C, 20 s and 30 s, but B type is not statistically significant. Second, the differences among the groups of preference for appearance design criteria according to general characteristics were all stable (stable appearance) in gender, age, region, education, and salary, but the chi-square test showed that they were not statistically significant. There was no difference between them. This study has implications for improving competitiveness and productivity by reducing the main production cost by commercializing toilets made of plastic materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.36-50
• /
• 2011

The traditional masculinity has been gradually diversified towards the 21th century due to a new social environment. Men embrace his feminine side with heightened aesthetic sense using cosmetic products for better skin, hair, and nails. This diversification of male image and his beauty style proves the addition of feminity to masculinity. C. G. Jung felt that we are all really bisexual in nature. The anima is the female aspect present in the collective unconscious of men and it is the archetype through which we communicate with the collective unconscious generally, and it is important to get into touch with it for self-realization. This study analyzes subconscious desire based on the anima archetype in the collective unconscious of men through the diversity of the gender identity shown in men's cosmetic advertisements, and therefore it aim to help developing a marketing strategy of male beauty industry in the future. For this purpose, it conducted an empirical analysis of male beauty style in cosmetic advertisements through the Jungian anima theory. The conclusion of this study is as follows: First, gender identity represented in cosmetic advertisements was typified as Retrosexual, Ubersexual, Metrosexual, Cross sexual. Second, the anima archetype stimulates feminity in male beauty style. Cross sexual type has the highest feminine tendency. Third, range of utilization of cosmetic products is articulated with the diverse gender identity. Cross sexual type is most similar to the female beauty style. This feminization of male beauty style is the external expression of collective unconscious and affords human being to reach self-realization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 1999

In clothing, a tendency of Bisexuality is in case of wearing clothing of the opposite sex, the mixing of modeling principle and characteristic of man and woman, the exclusion characteristic of sexuality that present sexlessness-the third sex. They-Designer Gabrielle Chanel, YSL, Giorgio Armani-give characteristic of man's fashion to women's fashion. However, the consciousness in design is different. Chanel apply principle of man's suit to woman's wear to express authority and power about gender image, hereby she express women liberation and equality of man and woman based on social ideology through fashion especially, she express women's sexual independency and self assurance to her clothing. YSL express liberal and bold women that pursuit reasonal and liberal life in 1970. As he apply tailoed suit's rigidity to women's wear, he made 'pants look' universal in women's wear through“Dress for success”in modern life. Armani apply successful modern image to women's wear, so he express women's image of confident intellegent as well as feminine image. He focus women's new image as man living liberal and indivisual life excluding social category rather than will of equality of man and women. Gernreich break sexual prejudice and release women freely, furthermore, as he express concern of sexuality pursuit liberty of mankind surpassing sex distinction with women liberty. Gianni Versace pursuit mix and extinguishment of sexual image many-sided, and break fixed idea of sex, and reprovide feminine and masculine image. So his design tend homosexuality because he regard women's glamor and ostensible sexuality as standard of beauty, he apply this to man's wear as well as women's wear. With this, he expresses sensitive and liberal man's that break characteristic of Gender that symbolize power and authority in man's wear through 'Without ties'.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.397-404
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the subjective sensations and preference for spring/fall casual cotton shirt fabrics, and to assist in developing shirt fabrics that offer maximum comfort in wearing sensation. The subjects of this study were male and female college students who assessed the tactile sensation of seven types of spring/fall shirt fabrics available on the market: plain weave and rib weave made of cotton and that of cotton mixed fabrics. The subjects were university students between the ages of 20 to 23, who were residing in the city of Cheongju, Korea. The questionnaires related to the fabrics hand were evaluated using a nine point bi-polar scale of 9 descriptive terms. Mean, t-test, F-test and $X^2$ were used for data analysis. The fabric hand evaluation on the seven types of shirts showed a significant difference in all of the 9 descriptive terms. There were partially significant differences in the subjective sensations according to fabric characteristics regarding shirt fabrics. As regards the difference in fabric hand according to gender, female students responded with more receptiveness and sensitivity than male students in the category of woven fabric evaluation. In particular, female students responded with more sensitivity to the sensation of dense and wrinkle sensations. There were significant differences in the purchase preference according to gender regarding casual shirt fabrics. Plain weave fabrics made of cotton was most preferred among male students, whereas rib weave fabrics made of cotton/polyester was most preferred among female students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.61 no.6
• /
• pp.86-100
• /
• 2011

The traditional feminity has gradually been diversified in the 21th century due to a change in the society. This diversification of women's images and styles is derived from the addition of masculinity to feminity. C. G. Jung insist that human being is bisexual in nature. Animus is the male aspect in the women's collective unconscious and it is the archetype through which we generally communicate with the collective unconscious. It is also important to get into touch with the collective unconscious for self-realization. This study analyzes subconscious desires based on the Animus archetype in the collective unconscious of women through the diversity of the gender identity shown in cosmetic advertisements. Therefore this study aims to suggest a marketing strategy for the women's beauty industry in the future. For this purpose, this study conducts an empirical analysis of women's make-up and hair style in cosmetic advertisements through the Jungian Animus theory. The conclusion of this study is as follows: First, gender identity represented in cosmetic advertisements was classified into Mother/Wife, Hetaira, Mediale and Amazon. Second, the Animus archetype stimulates masculinity in women's make-up and hair style. Third, range of utilization of cosmetic products is articulated with the diverse gender identity. This masculinization of women's beauty style is the external expression of collective unconscious and affords human being to reach self-realization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.1134-1149
• /
• 2016

This study identified domestic and foreign golf clothing norms and extended recognition and attitude on golf clothing norms expressed in a golf wear style for golfer groups in their 20s-30s. Domestic golf clothing norms were derived from a theoretical research and case study; subsequently, golfers in their 20s-30s were classified into 4 groups. In-depth interviews were conducted using a serious leisure concept to analyze attitudes and stylistic expressions. Domestic golf clothing norms derived from stipulated and implicit norms varied as a type and situation of a golf course, gender of the golfer, and domestic golfers in their 20s-30s perceived such a point. For golfers in their 20s-30s, attitudes on golf clothing norms and their stylistic expressions showed differences according to gender and leisure type. As for gender characteristics, female golfers focused on 'look prettier' in stylistic expressions through experiences with a double-standard clothing norm; however, male golfers showed strict application and observance of a clothing norm in stylistic expressions compared to female golfers. However, male golfer groups in their 20s-30s as 'casual leisure participants' and those as 'serious leisure participants' showed differences becuase the former showed a tendency to observe clothing norms from other viewpoints and evaluations and the latter showed off their abilities and careers as a means of distinction. As for characteristic of stylistic expressions according to a leisure type, golfers in their 20s-30s showed distinction as serious leisure participants through forming new and independent clothing norms. Research findings are expected to provide an opportunity to reconsidering the influence of clothing norms in young people who have a strong tendency to express clothing style as a means to pursue individuality and taste.