• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-135
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to develop instruments for measuring paternal child rearing involvement. A second purpose was to investigate the relationship between social competency of child and the father's involvement in child rearing. Fathers' child rearing involvement inventories were administered to 513 5th and 6th grade school students to evaluate children's perceived father's rearing involvement. Assessment of the child's social competency by the mother was by the modified Iowa Social Competency Scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and canonical correlation. The main results were as follows: (1) There were differences in mean scores between variables on father's child rearing involvement. The mean score of 'day-to-day guidance' was higher than such father's involvement variables as 'family activities', 'household affairs', 'home education'. (2) There was a significant correlation between the social competency of children and father's child rearing involvement. In other words, fathers' child rearing involvement showed significant correlations with 'the capability' and 'leadership' of children. (3) The canonical analysis in two variables-the fathers' child rearing involvement (independent variables) and the children's social competency (dependent variables)-showed that the child variables most highly correlated to the independent variables were 'capability' and 'affection toward parents'. This also indicated that the father variables accounted for about 9.4% of the variation in social competency. In conclusion, the father's child rearing involvement can he recognized as significant variable in predicting the social competency of children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.417-442
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• 2009

This study investigated whether there are differences in father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance and on mother's parenting stress after fathers' participating in the father's program at kindergarten. Subjects were parents of children enrolled in H kindergarten, 38 fathers (18 experimental group, 20 control groups) and 38 mothers (wives of the experimental and control group fathers). Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and t-test on the pre-score and post-score. Findings were that : father's participant program at kindergarten affected father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance, and mother's parenting stress reduction : the experimental group father's involvement in child-rearing and role performance was improved more than the control group. Experimental group mothers' parenting stress than that of the control group.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe levels of father involvement in child-rearing and maternal depression. Method: Data were collected from 277 mothers who had one to three years old infant at 8 day care centers and 2 public health centers in S and B city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire that included the father involvement in child-rearing scale and maternal depression(BDI). Results: The mean score for father involvement in child-rearing was $44.60{\pm}12.06$. For father involvement in child-rearing, there were significant differences according to chid birth order, father's education, mother's job, income, marriage satisfaction, support for child-rearing. The mean for maternal depression was $10.24{\pm}7.70$. For maternal depression, there were significant differences according to mother's religion, parent's education, father's job, income, marriage satisfaction, support for child-rearing. There is significant difference in the maternal depression according to the father involvement in child-rearing. Conclusion: Father involvement in child-rearing and maternal depression influence child development. It is essential to assess father's participation in child-rearing and maternal depression, to develop knowledge about role of father for child health.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.179-191
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• 2014

Parents are one of the principal agents of education along with students and teachers. The father, who is also a member of the educational community, plays a role in and has responsibility for his children's education. But, in Korea, as mothers are largely responsible for the children's care and education, fathers' school involvement has not been treated as a research subject. However, changes in family structure and function have challenged the notion of the father's traditional role. Recently, the father who participates actively in the rearing and education of his child has emerged as a new trend of the father model. It has been proven through many studies that the father's involvement has unique positive effects on his children, a phenomenon known as the "father effect". This research investigates the father's school involvement through focus group interviews with fathers. The results showed that the father's school participation rate was not high, while the father's desire for school participation was very high. These results are explained by the situation of fathers having no time or pathway to participate in their children's school. In order to enable fathers' participation, leave for school participation needs to be implemented and the development of fathers' activities is necessary. A father education program is needed to bring about changes resulting in fathers' greater participation in their children's education. This study suggests policy implications for supporting fathers' school involvement.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.379-390
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of father's child rearing behavior and child rearing involvement perceived by their children to children's self-esteem and school adjustment. The subjects were 300 elementary school children selected from two elementary schools in Incheon area. The instruments included the father's child rearing behavior index, father's child rearing involvement index, children's self-esteem inventory, and children's school adjustment inventory. The statistics used from this data were correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This study showed that father's child rearing behaviors of autonomy, achievement, concern and affection behavior were positively correlated to children's general, social, family and school self-esteem. Correlation analysis also indicated that a father's child rearing involvement, that is family activities, day to day guidance, household affairs and home education involvement were positively correlated to children's general, social and family self-esteem, and school self-esteem was positively correlated to family activities and day to day guidance involvement. Father's child rearing behaviors also indicated positive correlations with children's teachers, friends, studies and rule adjustments. A father's child rearing involvement also indicated positive correlations with all of the schools adjustment variables. The relationships between children's self-esteem and school adjustment indicated positive high correlations in all sub-variables. It was also found that autonomy behavior, family activities involvement, affection behavior and concern behavior were significant predictors of children's self-esteem. Also, day to day guidance involvement and family activities involvement were significant predictors of children's school adjustment, but in addition to children's self-esteem variables, children's social, school, general, and family self-esteem were significant predictors of children's school adjustment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.369-377
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of father's value of children and cultural orientation on the father's parenting involvement. Data were collected from 286 fathers on FPI, VOC, and COR, which then were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, emotional value of children was positively related to the father's parenting involvement, but instrumental value of children was negatively related to the father's parenting involvement. Second, collectivism had a stronger relationships with the father's parenting involvement than individualism. Third, father's education level was positively related to the father's parenting involvement. The above findings imply that father's value of children is an important variables of parenting involvement and cultural orientation is also a good predictor of parenting involvement.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of child rearing behavior and child rearing involvement on elementary school children's stress. The subjects were 201 children selected from 2 elementary schools and their parents. Data was collected using the children's stress index, the child rearing behavior questionnaire, and the child rearing involvement questionnaire, and was statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's stress according to the child's gender, grade, and scholastic achievement. Correlation analysis indicated that the child's stress and the mother's child rearing behavior had significant correlation, especially the warmth acceptance behavior of the mother indicated negative high correlation. Also, the child's stress and father's child rearing behavior had significant correlation, especially the rejection restriction behavior of the father indicated positive high correlation. Correlation analysis indicated that the child's stress and the mother's child rearing involvement had significant correlation, especially the family activities involvement of the mother indicated negative high correlation. As well, the child's stress and the father's child rearing involvement had significant correlation, especially the day to day guidance involvement of the father indicated negative high correlation. It was also found that rejection restriction behavior of the father, permissiveness non-intervention behavior of the father, day to day guidance involvement of the father, family activities involvement of the father, and warmth acceptance behavior of the mother were all significant predictors of the elementary school child's stress.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to clarify how preschooler's adaptive temperament and father's child-rearing involvement may be related to mother's chid-rearing stress. The subjects were 320 mothers whose children were 3, 4 or 5 age preschoolers attending day care centers in Keoungbok. Statistical techniques were Pearson's correlation, hierarchical multiple regression(using SPSS 12.0). The results of this were as follows. 1. Mother's child-rearing stress was negatively related to preschooler's adaptive temperament. 2. Mother's child-rearing stress was negatively related to father's child-rearing involvement. 3. The Multiple Regression analysis showed that preschooler's adaptive temperament and father's child-rearing involvement were significantly predictive to mother's child-rearing stress. And preschooler's adaptive temperament was the stronger predictor of mother's child-rearing stress than father's child-rearing involvement. There was no significant interaction effect of father's child-rearing involvement and preschooler's adaptive temperament on mother's child-rearing stress.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.617-632
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of paternal parenting behaviors, child-rearing involvement, and father-child communication perceived by children on their leadership. A total of 197 children selected from three elementary schools and their fathers participated in this study. Data were collected using a parenting behavior index, a child-rearing involvement inventory, a father-child communication inventory, and a children's leadership index and statistically analyzed using the t-test, a one-way ANOVA ($Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test), and a multiple regression analysis. The results show significant differences in children's leadership according to the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, the father's family activity involvement, and open/problematic communication between the father and the child. The child's age, the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, open communication, and problematic communication were significant predictors of the child's leadership. These results suggest that a child's leadership may be strengthened if the father is warmer and more accepting and has open communication with the child.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.861-872
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the father related variables on children's self-esteem and school adjustment. Father related variables were father's child-rearing involvement, fathers parenting behavior and father-child communication style. The subjects were 236 - 5th and 6th graders of elementary schools in Daegu. The major finding were as follows: First, children's self-esteem was affected by father's child-rearing involvement, fathers parenting behavior and father-child communication style. Second, father's parenting behavior has great effect on children's self-esteem than any other variables. Third, children's school adjustment was affected by father's child-rearing involvement, fathers parenting behavior and father-child communication style. Fourth, father-child communication style has great effect on teacher adjustment than any other variables. father's parenting behavior has great effect on pee. adjustment than any other variables. father-child communication style has great effect on school education adjustment than any other variables. Father's child-rearing involvement has great effect on school rule adjustment than any other variables.