• Title/Summary/Keyword: eye disease

Search Result 412, Processing Time 0.022 seconds

Effect of Vision Training using Fresnel Prism Lens on Fusional Vergence and Accommodation (프레넬 프리즘렌즈를 이용한 시기능 훈련이 조절과 융합버전스에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Yong-Gil;Kim, Min-Kyung;Jeong, Ju-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.159-164
    • /
    • 2012
  • Purpose: Of the various methods of vision training, the essay aims to explore the effective ways of using the Fresnel prism lens in order to expand the positive fusional vergence for the patient having specific condition of convergence insufficiency or basic exophoria. Methods: 15 students of city of Daejeon university without an eye disease (average age $22.73{\pm}1.68$) were selected and underwent the subjective refraction test and binocular vision test, and recording their test results before vision training and replacing an identical frame with a lens of same quality after the full calibration, the lens was then adhered with the Fresnel prism lens and continued to train for thirty minutes daily during two weeks. Afterwards, the binocular vision test was reattempted. The observation of the change in the results of the binocular vision test in use of the fresnel prism lens in the vision training test was researched. Results: After training, the positive fusional vergence had increased to a number of $22.27{\pm}2.26$ $\Delta$, to 7.80 $\Delta$, at near, the fused cross cylinder test increased to an average of $0.55{\pm}0.09$ D, 0.40 D after training, showing a normal result. The value of negative relative accommodation after training had an average of $2.22{\pm}0.08$D, showing that 0.42 D had increased. The value of near point of convergence after training had an average of $6.13{\pm}0.53$ cm, showing that 2.80 cm had decreased. To patients who had convergence insufficiency or basic exophoria, the value of the near vision test that used the Fresnel prism lens which was able to expand BO positive fusional vergence had increased without phoria. Conclusions: The changes were tested and the effectiveness of the Fresnel prism lens, due to the nature of the lens itself, helped with both cosmetic effects and cost. It also allows good optical correction effects, in addition to these clinical effects indicated before. Therefore, it may be determined that the Fresnel prism lens binocular vision therapy for patients is more popular and highly recommended.

Study on Tumor Control Probability and Normal Tissue Complication Probability in 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (방사선 입체조형치료에 대한 종양치유확율과 정상조직손상확율에 관한 연구)

  • 추성실
    • Progress in Medical Physics
    • /
    • v.9 no.4
    • /
    • pp.227-245
    • /
    • 1998
  • A most appropriate model of 3-D conformal radiotherapy has been induced by clinical evaluation and animal study, and therapeutic gains were evaluated by numerical equation of tumor control probability(TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). The radiation dose to the tumor and the adjacent normal organs was accurately evaluated and compared using the dose volume histogram(DVH). The TCP and NTCP was derived from the distribution of given dosage and irradiated volume, and these numbers were used as the biological index for the assessment of the treatment effects. Ten patients with liver disease have been evaluated and 3 dogs were sacrificed for this study. Based on the 3-D images of the tumor and adjacent organs, the optimum radiation dose and the projection direction which could maximize the radiation effect while minimizing the effects to the adjacent organs could be decided. 3). The most effective collimation for the normal adjacent organs was made through the beams eye view with the use of multileaf collimator. When the dose was increased from 50Gy to 70Gy, the TCP for the conventional 2-port radiation and the 5-port multidimensional therapy was 0.982 and 0.995 respectively, while the NTCP was 0.725 and 0.142 respectively, suggesting that the 3-D conformal radiotherapy might be the appropriate therapy to apply sufficient radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the damages to the normal areas of the liver. Positive correlation was observed between the NTCP and the actual complication of the normal liver in the animal study. The present study suggest that the use of 3-D conformal radiotherapy and the application of the mathematical models of TCP and NTCP may provide the improvements in the treatment of hepatoma with enhanced results.

  • PDF

Expected Values for the Analysis of Accommodation and Vergence Dysfunction of Young Adluts (젊은 성인의 조절 및 이향운동 기능장애 분석을 위한 표준 값)

  • Baarg, Saang-Bai
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.127-134
    • /
    • 2008
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the expected values of accommodation and vergence system for analysis of binocular vision. Methods: Seventy three healty subjects without past history of eye disease were selected for this study, Patients showing clinical binocular anomalies including manifest squint and intermittent heterotropia were excluded and data was collected on 54 patients(mean age, 25.3${\pm}$2.7 year). Near point of convergence, distance and near phoiras were measured based on objective deviation angle. And then AC/ A ratio, relative accommodation were measured and all of the data were compared with the Morgan's expected values. Results: The values of distance and near heterophoria were 1.24${\pm}$2.72${\Delta}$ and 2.70${\pm}$4.91${\Delta}$ respectively and the gradient AC/A ratio was 3.92${\pm}$2.17${\Delta}$/D which were all about the same compared with the Morgan's expected values. The values of distance negative fusional convergence was same, however, distance positive fusional convergence was 7${\Delta}$ greater than the Morgan's one. There were no significant differences in the range values of both near vergences while the range of distance vergence was relatively larger than the Morgan's one. Positive relative accommodation was +0.37D greater and negative relative accommodation was -0.63D greater than the Morgan's values. Conclusions: The findings in this study appear that the Morgan's expected values have a possibilities of including considerable proximal convergence value. In comparison with Morgan's values, Korean's normal expected values have much different values of especially BO limit, so if the Morgan's values are directly applied to binocular vision analysis for Korean people, it may lead to an inaccurate binocular vision diagnosis. This results can be used to diagnose the accommodation and vergence system of Korean normal young adults.

  • PDF

The Factors Influencing the Asthenopia of Emmetropia with Phoria (사위를 가진 정시안의 안정피로에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Kim, Jung-Hee;Lee, Dong-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.71-82
    • /
    • 2005
  • The aim of this study was to provide fundamental data for the factors influencing the asthenopia of emmetropia with phoria and alleviation of asthenopia. A total of 348 subjects, aged between 19 and 30 years old, who had no strabismus, an eye trouble or whole body disease, were examined using corrected visual acuity, corrected diopter, stereopsis and suppression tests from September of 2002 to September of 2004. We excluded 21 subjects for the following reasons: if they had an amblyopia affecting binocular vision or inaccurate data. After these exclusions, 327 subjects remained. We then individually measured the refractive error correction, pupillary distance, optical center distance, phoria, convergence, accommodation and the AC/A as well as the asthenopia during binocular vision using a questionnaire. After analysis of factors affecting asthenopia, we also examined the reductive effect of a prism on the asthenopia in subjects who had asthenopia. To determine the factors affecting asthenopia during binocular vision, statistic analyses were carried out using the Chi-square test and the multivariate Logistic regression model. The results of this study were as follow. For asthenopia during near binocular vision of emmetropia with phoria, in case of the lower the accommodation and convergence, a significantly higher rate of asthenopia was observed (p<0.001). When the AC/A is lower, the higher the rate of asthenopia was observed but not significantly and there was no association between phoria and asthenopia. When the multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine factors affecting binocular vision of emmetropia with phoria, in case of the lower accommodation and convergence, a significantly higher rate of asthenopia was observed. when the phoria is esophoria or higher exophoria, or when the AC/A is lower than normal, the higher the rate of asthenopia was observed but not significantly and there was no association between phoria. AC/A and asthenopia. Therefore accommodation and convergence could be predictive factors for asthenopia during near distance binocular vision. Prism was used among' subjects who had asthenopia during near distance binocular vision, the symptom of asthenopia was eased up to 74.2% in emmetropia with phoria.

  • PDF

Comparison of Acute Symptoms Between a Alpine Agricultural Workers and General Workers in Gangwon-do (강원도 일부지역 고랭지 농업 농민과 일반 농업 농민의 농약중독 증상 비교)

  • Song, Jae-Seok;Park, Woong-Sub;Kwak, Yeon-Hee;Seo, Jong-Chul;Choi, Hong-Soon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
    • /
    • v.28 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-37
    • /
    • 2003
  • Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the pesticide exposure status and acute pesticide poisoning symtoms among agricultural workers at Gangwon-do province alpine area. Alpine area was defined as the area higher than 400m. Methods: We analyzed 257 interviwed questionnaire about pesticide exposure, acute pesticide poisoning symptoms and other variables. Results: The result was shown that agricultural workers at alpine area used more pesticide than general agricultural workers for annual usage days(35.9 days vs 14.4 days), daily usage hours(6.7 hrs vs 2.8hrs, p<0.05). But there was no difference between general and alpine agricultural worker's herbicide exposure. Moreover, the alpine agricultural worker's acute pesticide poisoning symtom score was higher than general agricultural worker's. These difference was also found at result of regression analysis, under control the age, sex, monthly income. Most frequently suffered symptom was headache and dermatological problems. The symptom prevalence of dermatological problem, headache, general weakness, eye irritation, nausea were higher among alpine agricultural workers than general agricultural workers. Conclusions: As a result, agricultural workers at alpine area were more exposed to pesticide and suffered from pesticide poisoning symptoms. To prevent the symptoms and disease from pesticide exposure among agricultural workers at alpine area, more research and political effort will be needed.

  • PDF

Evaluation of Potato Genetic Resources and Development of Potato Varieties with Diverse colors (감자 유전자원 평가 및 다양한 컬러 감자 품종 개발)

  • 임학태;이규화;구동만;양덕춘;전익조
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.16 no.3
    • /
    • pp.264-274
    • /
    • 2003
  • Many potato genetic resources have been collected and improved for their diverse traits over the years using breeding program in KPGR. To select potential varieties for table and processing in Korea, 58 elite potato breeding lines and several 'Valley' varieties were cultivated and harvested at Korea Alpine area in 2001. The cultivated lines and varieties were evaluated using their cultural adaptability in the environment and tuber characteristics, such as the depth of tuber eye, tuber shape, skin color, flesh color, scab resistance, yield, and the resistance of hollow heart and internal brown spot disease. Additionally, in the selection of potential processing varieties, reducing sugar content (sum of glucose and fructose concentration) of tubers is critically considered, because it mainly influence on the chip color of processing potato tuber. For table stock varieties with white skin color, 'Early Valley', 'Summer Valley', 'Winter Valley', and 'Taebok Valley' were selected. In the aspect of diverse potato tuber color, several varieties were selected such as 'Golden Valley' for its yellow fresh and skin color, 'Gogu Valley', 'Juice Valley', and 'Rose Valley' for their red skin color, and 'Purple Valley' for its purple skin. Compared with world wide known processing cultivar 'Atlantic', 24 lines (or varieties) were selected for the potential potato processing industry due to their low reducing sugar contents (below 0.3%), high yield (above 4.0 ton/ha), and unique chip colors. Selected white chipping varieties were 'Taedong Valley', 'Kangshim Valley', and 'Kangwon Valley', which have 0.23%, 0.27%, and 0.29% of reducing sugar contents, respectively. 'Bora Valley', having deep purple color in both skin and fresh, was selected for purple chip variety and has 0.26% of reducing sugar content. Light yellow chip varieties (lines) were 'Rose Valley' and Valley 54, having 0.19% and 0.269% of reducing sugar content, respectively. For French frying potatoes, 'Stick Valley' of 0.22% and Valley 72 of 0.151% in reducing sugars were selected. All of these selected lines and 'Valley' varieties can be used as parents to improve potato genetic resources and to develop better varieties with unique traits and colors.

Relationship of Fixation Disparity and Heterophoria According to Fixation Distance (원, 근거리에서 주시시차와 사위와의 관계)

  • Kim, Chang-Jin;Jeong, Ju-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
    • /
    • v.13 no.3
    • /
    • pp.79-87
    • /
    • 2008
  • Purpose: This study measured Y-intercept that means a fixation disparity, X-intercept that means a associated phoria and slope of a fixation disparity curve (FDC), which are variables of dissociated phoria and the FDC. We searched for the result value and examined the direction, distribution pattern and a variable that give an most affect on dissociated phoria and the FDC at distance and near. Also this study examined that there were statistically significant differences between distance and near, comparing the result value. Methods: We measured the dissociated phoria and the fixation disparity for 51 subjects at distance and near in June, 2007. All subjects ranged from 20 to 25 years of age (average 21.72${\pm}$1.88 years old) and had no eye disease. At distance the dissociated phoria measured with the distance MIM card (muscle imbalance measure card, Bernell co., USA), and the fixation disparity measured with the modified Mallett Far Unit (Bernell co., USA). At near the dissociated phoria measured with the near MIM card (muscle imbalance measure card, Bernell co., USA), and the fixation disparity measured with the Wesson fixation disparity card (American Optical co., USA). Results: The percentage distribution of types of fixation disparity curves was that at distance prevalence of Type I (74.6%) was the highest, followed by Type IV (17.6%) and Type II (3.9%), Type III (3.9%) and that at near prevalence of Type I (53.0%) was the highest, followed by Type III (29.4%), Type IV (13.7%) and Type II (3.9%). 2. There were significantly correlation in dissociated phoria, fixation disparity (Y-intercept) and associated phoria (X-intercept). 3. The fixation disparity at distance was most affected by associated phoria (X-intercept) (p=0.000). The distance dissociated phoria was most affected by fixation disparity (Y-intercept) (p=0.342), but the influence was weak. 4. The fixation disparity at near was most affected by associated phoria (X-intercept) (p=0.000). The near also dissociated phoria was most affected by associated phoria (X-intercept) (p=0.009). The result that compared the each variables with the same variables at distance and near had statistically significant on paired t-test for among dissociated phoria (t=7.529, p=0.000), X-intercept (t=5.860, p=0.000), the Y-intercept (t=4.640, p=0.000) but slope of the FDC did not differ significant (t=1.336 p=0.188). Conclusions: Relationship of fixation disparity and Heterophoria had close correlation at distance and near.

  • PDF

Correlation between Corneal Ablation Amount and Intraocular Pressure after Corneal Refractive Surgery (각막굴절교정수술 후 각막절삭량과 안압변화의 상관관계)

  • Jung, Mi-A;Lee, Eun-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Vision Science
    • /
    • v.20 no.4
    • /
    • pp.543-551
    • /
    • 2018
  • Purpose : The purposes of this study were to evaluate the changes of intraocular pressure according to corneal ablation amount after corneal refractive surgery and the changes of intraocular pressure according to refractive errors before corneal refractive surgery. Methods : The mean age of adults who underwent LASIK corneal refractive surgery were $37.34{\pm}7.42years$, and 108 adults(48 males, 60 females) were participated in this study. Refractive errors, intraocular pressure, and corneal ablation amount were measured using an autorefractor, a noncontact tonometer, and an excimer laser. All test values were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results : The mean intraocular pressure before corneal refractive surgery was $15.08{\pm}2.60mmHg$ in males and $14.16{\pm}2.67mmHg$ in females. The decrease of intraocular pressure after corneal refractive surgery were 4.22mmHg in males and 3.61mmHg in females. Spherical equivalent power were $-3.89{\pm}2.17D$ in males and $-4.45{\pm}2.92D$ in females before corneal refractive surgery, and $-0.10{\pm}0.46D$ in males and $-0.04{\pm}0.46D$ in females after corneal refractive surgery. The corneal ablation amount after corneal refractive surgery were statistically significant, with $53.95{\mu}m$ in males and $61.26{\mu}m$ in females. There was significant correlation between corneal ablation amount and decrease of intaocluar pressure(r=0.2299, p<0.001). As the growth of corneal ablation amount in males, the decrease of intraocular pressure was significantly increased. As the growth of refractive error, the amount of decrease in intraocular pressure was also significant. The decrease of intraocualr pressure were $3.04{\pm}2.18mmHg$ in low refractive error, $4.10{\pm}2.16mmHg$ in middle refractive error, and $4.65{\pm}3.29mmHg$ in high refractive error. Conclusion : We found that intraocular pressure decreased after corneal refractive surgery by noncontact tonometer and the change of intraocular pressure which is an important index for glaucoma diagnosis, may affect the judgment of eye disease. We think that a preliminary questionnaire whether corneal refractive surgery is necessary for the measurement of intraocular pressure.

Air Pollution and Its Effects on E.N.T. Field (대기오염과 이비인후과)

  • 박인용
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
    • /
    • 1972.03a
    • /
    • pp.6-7
    • /
    • 1972
  • The air pollutants can be classified into the irritant gas and the asphixation gas, and the irritant gas is closely related to the otorhinolaryngological diseases. The common irritant gases are nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrogen carbon compounds, and the potent and irritating PAN (peroxy acyl nitrate) which is secondarily liberated from photosynthesis. Those gases adhers to the mucous membrane to result in ulceration and secondary infection due to their potent oxidizing power. 1. Sulfur dioxide gas Sulfur dioxide gas has the typical characteristics of the air pollutants. Because of its high solubility it gets easily absorbed in the respiratory tract, when the symptoms and signs by irritation become manifested initially and later the resistance in the respiratory tract brings central about pulmonary edema and respiratory paralysis of origin. Chronic exposure to the gas leads to rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and olfactory or gustatory disturbances. 2. Carbon monoxide Toxicity of carbon monoxide is due to its deprivation of the oxygen carrying capacity of the hemoglobin. The degree of the carbon monoxide intoxication varies according to its concentration and the duration of inhalation. It starts with headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting and tinnitus, which can progress to respiratory difficulty, muscular laxity, syncope, and coma leading to death. 3. Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioxide causes respiratory disturbances by formation of methemoglobin. In acute poisoning, it can cause pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, and pneumonia due to its strong irritation on the eyes and the nose. In chronic poisoning, it causes chronic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary edema. 4. Ozone It has offending irritating odor, and causes dryness of na sopharyngolaryngeal mucosa, headache and depressed pulmonary function which may eventually lead to pulmonary congestion or edema. 5. Smog The most outstanding incident of the smog occurred in London from December 5 through 8, 1952, because of which the mortality of the respiratory diseases increased fourfold. The smog was thought to be due to the smoke produced by incomplete combustion and its byproduct the sulfur oxides, and the dust was thought to play the secondary role. In new sense, hazardous is the photochemical smog which is produced by combination of light energy and the hydrocarbons and oxidant in the air. The Yonsei University Institute for Environmental :pollution Research launched a project to determine the relationship between the pollution and the medical, ophthalmological and rhinopharyngological disorders. The students (469) of the "S" Technical School in the most heavily polluted area in Pusan (Uham Dong district) were compared with those (345) of "K" High School in the less polluted area. The investigated group had those with subjective symptoms twice as much as the control group, 22.6% (106) in investigated group and 11.3% (39) in the control group. Among those symptomatic students of the investigated group. There were 29 with respiratory symptoms (29%), 22 with eye symptoms (21%), 50 with stuffy nose and rhinorrhea (47%), and 5 with sore thorat (5%), which revealed that more than half the students (52%) had subjective symptoms of the rhinopharyngological aspects. Physical examination revealed that the investigated group had more number of students with signs than those of the control group by 10%, 180 (38.4%) versus 99 (28.8%). Among the preceding 180 students of the investigated group, there were 8 with eye diseases (44%), 1 with respiratory disease (0.6%), 97 with rhinitis (54%), and 74 with pharyngotonsillitis (41%) which means that 95% of them had rharygoical diseases. The preceding data revealed that the otolaryngological diseases are conspicuously outnumbered in the heavily polluted area, and that there must be very close relationship between the air pollution and the otolaryngological diseases, and the anti-pollution measure is urgently needed.

  • PDF

Primary Orbital Lymphoma : A Retrospective Analysis of Results of Radiation Therapy (원발성 안와 림프종의 방사선치료 성적에 관한 후향적 분석)

  • Kim Sussan;Ahn Seung Do;Chang Hyesook;Kim Kyoung Ju;Lee Sang-wook;Choi Eun Kyung;Kim Jong Hoon;Huh Jooryung;Suh Cheol Won;Kim Sung Bae
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.139-146
    • /
    • 2002
  • Purpose : This study evaluated the treatment outcomes, patterns of failure, and treatment related complications of primary lymphoma patients who received definitive radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was undertaken for 31 patients with primary orbital lymphoma at the Asan Medical Center between February 1991 and April 2001. There were 18 males and 13 females with ages ranging from 3 to 73 years (median, 44 years). The involved sites were 9 conjunctivae, 12 eyelids and 10 other orbits. The histological types were 28 MALT lymphomas (low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type), 1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma and 1 lymphoblastic lymphoma. The Ann Arbor stages were all IE $(100\%)$. Ann Arbor stage III or IV patients were excluded from this study, Bilateral orbital involvement occurred in 6 cases. Radiation therapy was given with one anterior port of high energy electrons $(6\~16\;MeV)$ for the lesions located at the anterior structures like the conjunctivae or eyelids. Lesions with a posterior extension or other orbital lesions were treated with 4 or 6 MeV photons with appropriately arranged portals. In particular, lens blocks composed of lead alloy were used in conjunctival or eyelid lesions. Twelve patients received chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 53 months. Results : The 5-year overall, cause-specific, and disease-free survival was $91\%,\;96\%,\;and\;80\%$, respectively. The complete response rate 6 months after radiation therapy was $100\%$. Local recurrences were observed in 2 patients at 16 and 18 months after completion of radiation treatment. They were salvaged with additional radiation therapy. Two patients developed distant metastases. A MALT lymphoma patient with a lung relapse was successfully salvaged with radiotherapy, but the other lymphoblastic lymphoma patient with bone marrow relapse expired. There were no severe complications but 5 patients developed radiation-induced cataracts and 2 patients developed dry eye. Conclusion : Most primary orbital lymphomas consisted of MALT lymphomas. Radiation therapy was a successful treatment modality for orbital lymphoma without any severe complications. In cases of local relapses, radiation therapy is also a very successful salvage treatment modality.