• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2015

Let G be a group with identity e. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring and M a graded R-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded quasi-prime submodules and give some basic results about graded quasi-prime submodules of graded modules. Special attention has been paid, when graded modules are graded multiplication, to find extra properties of these submodules. Furthermore, a topology related to graded quasi-prime submodules is introduced.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2014

Let G be a finite group and X be a union of conjugacy classes of G. Define C(G,X) to be the graph with vertex set X and $x,y{\in}X$ ($x{\neq}y$) joined by an edge whenever they commute. In the case that X = G, this graph is named commuting graph of G, denoted by ${\Delta}(G)$. The aim of this paper is to study the automorphism group of the commuting graph. It is proved that Aut(${\Delta}(G)$) is abelian if and only if ${\mid}G{\mid}{\leq}2$; ${\mid}Aut({\Delta}(G)){\mid}$ is of prime power if and only if ${\mid}G{\mid}{\leq}2$, and ${\mid}Aut({\Delta}(G)){\mid}$ is square-free if and only if ${\mid}G{\mid}{\leq}3$. Some new graphs that are useful in studying the automorphism group of ${\Delta}(G)$ are presented and their main properties are investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-137
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• 1991

This paper compares and evaluates the performances of the two types of mathematical programming models for solving the machine-part cell formation problem in group technology manufacturing : indirect formulation relying on surrogate measure such as similarity coefficient and direct formulation seeking to minimize the number of exceptional elements. New indirect formulation, called the generalized p-median model. is proposed. Unlike existing p-median formulations, proposed formulation includes the classical cell formation problem in which only one process plan exsits for each part as a special case. The proposed new formulation can also deal with the cell formation problem in which alternative process plans exist for a part. The indirect formulation is compared with a new direct formulation which needs much fewer extra variables and constraints than existing direct formulations. Some significant findings from comparative experiment are discussed.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1999

This paper compares and evaluates the performances of the two types of mathematical programming models for solving the machine-part cell formation problem in group technology manufacturing : indirect formulation relying on surrogate measure such as similarity coefficient and direct formulation seeking to minimize the number of exceptional elements. New indirect formulation, called the generalized {{{{ { p}_{ } }}-median model. is proposed. Unlike existing {{{{ { p}_{ } }}-median formulations, proposed formulation includes the classical cell formation problem in which only one process plan exsits for each part as a special case. The proposed new formulation can also deal with the cell formation problem in which alternative process plans exist for a part. The indirect formulation is compared with a new direct formulation which needs much fewer extra variables and constraints than existing direct formulations. Some significant findings from comparative experiment are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.137-152
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• 2002

In response to a growing trend toward downward escalation of public school curriculum, the present study surveyed so-called extracurricular activities in kindergartens and analyzed teacher's perception of these activities. Questionnaires were mailed to 1300 private kindergartens and 1116 responses were received. Major findings were that over 89% of the respondents reported doing extracurricular activities in their kindergartens, mostly using 3-4 different kinds of special activities. The 3 most highly ranked lessons in order of frequency were English, art and physical activity. Whole group time was most often used for extracurricular activities. Kindergarten teachers were concerned with the qualifications of teachers for these activities. Teachers of these extra activities usually have no specialized training or supervised experience working with 3-through 5-year-old children.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is Muscle Activity for the Upper Extremity and Morto-Seoinage(Two-handed shoulder throw) according to performance levels and elite judo players (G1) and non-elite judo players, namely university players (G2). To achieve this purpose, three players in G1 whose main special skill was Morote-Seoinage and three university judo players(G2) were selected as comparative group. After analysing this study, conclusions were derived as follows. 1. Muscle activity of musculi membri superious to group of Kuzushi to Tsukuri was the highest in left biceps brachii and right biceps brachii in order. On the other hand, G2 was the highest in left biceps brachii and left flexer carpi randialis in order. 2. Intergral electromyogram of according to the phase showed right triceps 1P of left flexer carpi radialis. G1 and G2 of showed left biceps brachii was the highest in 1P and 2P. As a result, extra training of left flexer carpi radialis and left biceps brachii is needed.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: This research is to promote an walking exercise program for the subjects to continue exercise by mitigating stresses with increase in increase their physiological index. Methods: The research design was a non-equivalent control group, quasiexperimental study. The research has been executed from August 1st to September 30th 2008 by operating walking exercise program to 50 subjects. Only 24 patients who continued this program to the last were could be investigated. Results: Among the subjects who participated in the program had shown significant differences in weight and BMI. Despite of an insignificant change in skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, body fat ratio and WHR, average value for skeletal muscle mass showed an increasing tendency, while the average values for fat mass, body fat ratio and WHR showed a decreasing tendency. Conclusion: In conclusion, walking exercise program was design for the subjects to be able to exercise without an extra cost for a special tool to exercise with an positive effect on increasing health problem.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.438-448
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• 2000

This paper is concerned about how to increase household income by cultivation of specialty herbal medicines in JeonBuk Province, which is summarized as below: 1. Specialty plant cultivation is considered appropriate in this province, since the quality of soil is good and sandy, together with the warmer climate and little rainfall. 2. It is recommended for the efficiency of production that the cultivation is performed item by item in large scales, for which it is desirable to organize working group unit for each specialty plant item. 3. It is suggested to establish a special union, such as a venture company model, for the effective processing of specialty plants into herbal medicines. 4. It is desirable that the processed herbal medicine products are supplied to consumers via a direct distribution route. 5. It is supposed possible that foods And drugs can be further developed from herbal medicines, which can make extra business.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.24
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• pp.97-117
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• 2005

Internally Korean insurance market is that whole life products' growth are becoming slowdown that's why new insurance products have appeared on the market in consideration of consumer's needs recently. Externally domestic insurance market competitions has drifted from insurance industry to whole financial industry since bankasurance started. Life insurance companies should open up a new market to survive from severe competitions. Worksite marketing can be an alternative. An insurer make arrangements with an employer about an insurance terms which an insurer offers in Worksite marketing. Then eligible individuals enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage through payroll deductions. An employer doesn't need to pay extra money for additional benefit but can raise employee's loyalty and satisfaction of company through worksite marketing. An employee can be covered at discounted premium rate and less strict underwriting guidelines to an insurer compared to individual insurance. In developed countries specially U.S insurance market, Worksite marketing is getting very popular and growing rapidly due to the advantages. Worksite marketing has both individual insurance characters and group insurance characters. Individual insurance characters are that employees enroll in the plans at their own discretion and pay 100 percent of the premium for coverage. Group insurance characters are that actively at work and participation etc. An insurer have to reflect these two characters on Worksite marketing when an insurance company work out a plan for developing products and underwriting guidelines. When an insurer devise worksite products, one should consider participation level which means percentage of eligible employees participating. Participation is related to anti-selection. As we know underwriting is essential for every kind of insurance, especially underwriting plays major role in worksite marketing. We can see that in the below. Firstly, it has a function in calculation of premium rate. When calculate premium rate for worksite products underwriters have to estimate expected participation level and risk factors. So underwriters and acturies keep in close contact with each other. Secondly, underwriting methods are important. When an insurer underwrite worksite products, there are three kinds of underwriting methods. These are Simplified issue underwriting, Full underwriting and Guaranteed issue underwriting. Simplified issue underwriting typically requires no medical examination, but usually requires supplying satisfactory answers to one or several health and/or lifestyle questions. Full underwriting requires a complete medical history questionnaire that may further require an exam. Guaranteed issue underwriting means that coverage is issued without the employee having to provide evidence of insurability. When insurer set the GI limit are usually based on the type of industry, number of eligible employees, the average amount of coverage and participation level. In addition to insurer should have a clear definition of eligible employee on the insurance provision and application form. It will minimize possibility of trouble claims and anti-selection. An insurer also establish preexisting condition exclusion and special guidelines for late entrants. When an insurer introduce Worksite marketing to Korean insurance market, an insurer has to examine market research to analyze potential market and strategy of sales most of all. Also an insurer should review real situation of the U.S, England and Japanese market etc. There are a lot of new technologies about worksite marketing process that an insurer should learn. When an insurer consider many things which we explained it can be a real alternative.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.651-661
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• 2008

The mother's obesity-related stress and it's association with obesity, food intake, and physical activity in both mothers and their children were determined. Based on self-reports from 470 mothers, obesity stress of mothers were scored by using a five-point Likert scale; only low and high stress scores were used in this study. The perceptions of mothers' weights and their children's weights, mothers' Body Mass Indices (BMI), and preschoolers' Weight-Length Indices (WLI)(%) were also determined. The obesity stress of mothers was significantly associated with the mothers' BMI (high stress: $23.5{\pm}2.4$ vs. low stress: $19.6{\pm}1.7$, p<0.05), but not with their children's obesity. Mothers with a high obesity stress reported a higher percentage of family history of obesity (62.1% vs. 38.3%, p<0.001) than mothers with low obesity stress. Compared to mothers with low obesity stress, mothers with high stress had lower correct-perceptions about their weights (p<0.05) but higher correct-perceptions for their children's weights. Almost 54.5% of mothers with high stress reported watching television 2 or more extra hours per day, compared with 32.2% of mothers with low stress (p<0.05). More children of mothers with high stress had long hours of daily TV viewing than children of mothers with low stress (36.0% vs. 15.3%, $X^2=10.491$, p<0.05). Mothers with high stress reported lower intake of protein-rich foods (p=0.01) and vegetables (p=0.039), but a higher intake of snacks (p=0.009), compared to mothers with low stress. More children of mothers with high stress reported eating high fat snacks or high sugar snacks everyday, but this was not statistically significant. In conclusion, high obesity stress in mothers were greatly associated with their BMI and their inactive life style, including long TV viewing hours per day and unbalanced food intakes, which can lead their children becoming inactive and obese. Special attention is recommended for overstressed mothers and their children, especially those who enjoy long hours of TV viewing.