• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

Online and wireless communications have dramatically changed the contents industry marketplace. Content transactions are now instantaneous as distribution channels move from the 'mart' to smart platforms, creating opportunities for content creators large and small. Yet with opportunity comes the threat of imbalance in the industry ecosystem. In order to ensure the health and diversity of an industry that relies so heavily on the welfare of small creative enterprises, it is essential to establish rules for the fair transaction of content rights. Several structural forces may work against such rules: first, the industry consists of a large number of small distributor intermediary businesses (e.g. major publishers); second, end distributors (e. g. platforms) maintain a superior, monopsony position; and third, economic valuation of content is difficult. In terms of acquisition business model, rights transactions can be classified into three general models: (1) license model, (2) original acquisition model, and (3) monopsony model. This study explores the publishing industry in detail, considering key statutes and their operation across the models. From analysis of Korea and the US statutes and case law, and decisions of the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) of Korea, we offer evaluation criteria for discerning between fair and unfair content rights transactions. We further recommend industry practice that may enhance the likelihood for fair content rights transactions, and thus a thriving publishing ecosystem.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical therapists' perception of the use of gait measures, the frequency of the gait measures used, and also to identify the barriers that limit the use of these assessment tools. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical therapists from the Seoul, Gyeonggi area from March to July 2016 were included in the study. Over the course of 18 weeks, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and 350 questionnaires (50%) were collected, however with the exclusion of 140 questionnaires due to non-consent, a total of 210 questionnaires (30%) were analysed. Results: Out of the 10 standardized assessment tools, the therapists showed the highest perception for the timed up and go test (TUG [n=153, 72.9%]) and they also had high perception for the 10 meters walk test (10MWT [n=149, 71.0%]), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT [n=123, 58.6%]). The respondents answered that the TUG (n=116, 55.2%), 10MWT (n=100, 47.6%), and 6MWT (n=51, 24.3%) was used the most often. On the contrary, only four (1.9%) therapists have used the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The lack of time was considered as the most important barrier to the use of assessment tools in clinical practice. Conclusions: Through this study, it has been shown that the domestic physical therapists used the TUG and the 10MWT mainly due to high recognition and evaluation status; however, the lack of time was the greatest impediment to the clinical application of the gait assessment tools.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.441-448
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of mentoring senior core fundamental nursing skills education on clinical competence and critical thinking disposition in nursing students. The research design was a one group pre-posttest design and the participants were 57 nursing students. The contents consisted of 3 core fundamental nursing skills of vital sign, nelaton catheterization and subcutaneous injection and total duration of 6 hours. Mentoring seniors conducted to rapport forming & education and evaluated them after exercise and evaluation under the guidance of professor. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires in pre-test and post-test, the collected data were analyzed using paired t-tests. The result shows the scores of clinical competence and critical thinking disposition were increased significantly after mentoring senior core fundamental nursing skills education in nursing students. The results indicate that this study was effective in improving nursing students clinical competence and critical thinking disposition in core fundamental nursing skills and is expected to be utilized in nusing practice education. Additional studies including those on control groups are recommended to compare difference between the experimental group and control group.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac output, including the modified Simpson's method, Automated Contour Tracking(ACT) method, and left ventricular outflow method are well described methods of evaluating cardiac function due to its reliability and the benefits of its non-invasive technique in human medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of an echocardiography estimate of cardiac output in isoflurane-anesthetized beagle dogs and was to compare the ACT method to the other methods used in measurement of cardiac output. In healthy beagle dogs, cardiac output results by echocardiography estimate methods showed an excellent correlations with those by the thermodilution method (The modified Simpson's method : r = 0.815, $r^2=0.665$, y = 0.434x + 0.311 ; ACT method : r = 0.86, $r^2=0.748$, y = 0.391x + 0.242 ; ventricular outflow method : r = 0.691, $r^2=0.478$, y = 0.593x + 0.242). Among the results obtained, the ACT method showed the highest correlation coefficient. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that echocardiography estimate methods did not prove to be suitable in accurately measuring absolute cardiac output values but showed an excellent correlation with thermodilution method. Therefore, by using the measurement of cardiac output as supplemental data, echocardiography estimate methods can be used for detection and correction of hemodynamic disturbances during emergency and anesthesia in veterinary practice.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-131
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• 2004

The foreign superior players and national team players' turning phase was measured, compared and analyzed to help the representative players improve the skill of turn. The underwater video camera used to analyze and evaluate the representative players' skill of turn in detail and the result is as follows. 1. The record for the phase of turn was similar to the rank of the last record. The improvement of the skill of turn was required because Korean players' record was lower than the foreign players' one. In case of 200m events the 1st turn was the fastest and it took more time as the turn is repeated. 2. It shows that the preparation phase and turing motion cause the difference between the players and within one player. 3. The horizontal movement of center of gravity moves to turning point slowly in the preparation phase, does not move nearly in the turning phase and increase again in the propulsion phase. Good record has short time for turn phase. The result means that the shorten the turning phase is the most important factor. Therefore the preparation for this is required. The vertical movement is maintained or increase a little and then move to from the turning phase. 4. The characteristic of horizontal velocity in center of gravity is that there is any big changes at the preparation phase, the faster velocity is found from the better record and the accelerating time is fast at the propulsion phasen. The wrong motion is made by not using the swimming velocity for fuming and waiting and more time is required by this. 5. The angle of knee when the player touch the turning point is 106.22-135.56 and the maximum angle of knee during the driving after the touch of tuning point is full extension. The size of maximum angle of knee did not match with the required time of propulsion phase. It seems that the individual difference is big when the players touch the turning point the angle of knee and the research for the individual angle which can reveal the maximum power should be carried out. The national team player's skill for the him is behind the foreign players' one and a lot of problems were found. It shows that the players could not practice the skill for turn during the training. The 1st reason for it is the various facilities like underwater window or analyzing equipment like underwater camera with which the coaches can teach and correct the players' detailed skill. It is need to evaluate the players' detailed skill exactly and correct it by objective data to complete the good skill in the future. In this regard, the investment for the facility is necessary.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2020

This study aims to economically evaluate rice production and various ecological services provided by organic rice paddy carrying out rice-fish mixed farming. It was also conducted to find a stable structure for increasing the income of rice-producing farmers and promoting ecological services by evaluating the economic feasibility of organic rice paddy for rice-fish mixed farming. As a result of the analysis of expected effects by ecological service functions according to the types of agriculture in the rice-fish mixed farming, general conventional paddy fields were evaluated to have an effect of continuously decreasing biodiversity such as amphibian reptiles, aquatic insects, bird habitats, experience and ecological education, and vegetation diversity, while the biodiversity of organic and rice-fish mixed paddy fields was assessed to increase. As a result of evaluating the economic value, as the area for fish production increases compared to the common practice and organic paddy fields, rice production decreases, but fish production increases and total income was analyzed to increase. In addition, if the value of ecosystem service functions is assessed in the future, it will increase further. It is hoped that these findings will be used as basic data for solving oversupply problems in the rice industry, preserving safe farm income, and improving sustainable farming and ecosystem service functions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.474-485
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• 2013

Pharmacological studies and clinical practices have indicated that Radix Astragali, a dried root of Astragalus membranaceus possesses a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunological activities. These biological activities approved by the modern pharmacological studies are mainly due to the constituents of Astragalus membranaceus including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements. In resent, the main constituents in the root part showing a lot of biological activities has been isolated also from the aboveground parts such as leaves and sprouts in our laboratory. However, the safety evaluation for the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus should be checked before expanding their application as one of food. In the study, a 90-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-above-ground parts at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000mg/kg/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000mg/kg/day of the water-extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1 s.47
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

The design practice of the lateral resisting system has been traditionally dependent on the experience and know-how of a structural engineer. And the method to reflect the evaluation results of building's capacity on design process doesn't exist. The proposal of a rational design of the lateral load resisting system is based on the available full capacity $(R_{ac})$ of a building and the minimum required capacity $(R_{code})$ suggested in the code. This study suggests thai nonlinear static analysis, which is the estimation of the lateral capacity with the pushover analysis, be included in the existing design procedure of the structure. After finishing the basic structural design, the lateral resisting capacity ol a building is estimated. At the phase of nonlinear static analysis, pushover analysis is peformed to define the fully yielded baseshear $(V_Y)$. When the design wind baseshear $(V_{wind})$ is bigger than the design seismic baseshear $(V_D)$, the value is checked to determine whether or not it is smaller than the $V_Y$. After confirming that it is smaller, the $R_{ac}$ of the structure is computed. If the $V_D$ is bigger at first, only the $R_{ac}$ is computed. When the value of the estimation shows remarkable differences with the $R_{code}$, repetition of the design modification is needed for those approximate to the $R_{code}$. Application of the proposed design procedure to 2-D steel braced RC buildings has proven to be efficient.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the microbial contamination level of meat processing in butcher's shops in Seoul from January to November in 2010. A total of 695 samples (112 cotton work gloves, 342 utensils and equipments, 241 meat samples) were collected and the environmental hygiene of 89 butcher's shops was investigated. The aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. were tested in the samples. As a result, the level of count on APC ranged $0{\sim}2.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils & equipments, $1{\times}10^2{\sim}2.7{\times}10^8$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $1{\times}10^2{\sim}9.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g from the meat samples. The level of count on E. coli ranged $0{\sim}2.5{\times}10^3\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils, $0{\sim}8.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $0{\sim}1.4{\times}10^5$ CFU/g from the meat samples, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were detected in 11 samples and 2 samples from the cotton work gloves, utensils & equipments, respectively. The sanitation standard operating procedure (SSOP) was applicated at 49 butcher's shops. In order to improve sanitation of meat in butcher's shops, in this study, applications of SSOP, systemic sanitation education for employees, hygenic control of utensils & equipments, and continuous monitoring for microorganisms will be required.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.911-931
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-service teachers' reflective discussion on their practical work-based teaching by focusing on the components of instruction and the connectivity of discussion. Eight after-class discussions were recorded and transcribed, and finally analyzed in terms of theoretically driven categories such as aims, teacher knowledge and learner response which also respectively reflect the actual flow of planning, implementation and evaluation of the teaching practice. The result showed that in their discussion about students, conceptual understanding and scientific skill components were most emphasized, while teaching method and strategy were most frequently addressed in the discussion about teacher knowledge. But this also revealed problems in their discussions such as the lack of discussion about inquiry and student interest, difficulties in clarifying theoretical terms and the lack of discussion about instructional models and theories. Meanwhile, pre-service teachers' discussions were limited in terms of connectivity between the components of instruction, meaning that their discussion tended to deal with each component separately rather than occurred in connection with each other. Furthermore, when connections were made during the discussion, only few components of instruction appeared. Based on this result, the paper suggests the need to develop tools to facilitate effective reflection in ways that incorporate various components of instruction and enhance connectivity between the components and between the instructions.