• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.59-70
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• 2022

There is a growing interest in evaluating earthquake damage and determining disaster prevention measures due to the magnitude 5.8 earthquake in Pohang, Korea. Since the liquefaction phenomena occurred extensively in the residential area as a result of the earthquake, there was a demand for research on liquefaction phenomenon evaluation and liquefaction disaster prediction. Liquefaction is defined as a phenomenon where the strength of the ground is completely lost due to a sudden increase in excess pore water pressure caused due to large dynamic stress, such as an earthquake, acting on loose sand particles in a short period of time. The liquefaction potential index, which can identify the occurrence of liquefaction and predict the risk of liquefaction in a targeted area, can be used to create a liquefaction hazard map. However, since liquefaction assessment using existing field testing is predicated on a single borehole liquefaction assessment, there has been a representative issue for the whole targeted area. Spatial interpolation and geographic information systems can help to solve this issue to some extent. Therefore, in order to solve the representative problem of geotechnical information, this research uses the kriging method, one of the geostatistical spatial interpolation techniques, and constructs a geotechnical information database for liquefaction and spatial interpolation. Additionally, the liquefaction hazard map was created for each return period using the constructed geotechnical information database. Cross validation was used to confirm the accuracy of this liquefaction hazard map.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2022

Donghae Port is adjacently located to a residential area wherein 26,933 generations are creating a living environment. The areas comprise Song-jeong village (5,754 generations) and Bukp-yeong village (21,179 generations). Major cargoes handled in Donghae Port are dusty limestone, cement, anthracite, and bituminous coal, etc. In the process of handling such cargoes, air pollutants including oxide dust and fine dust which adversely impact the living conditions and health of residents are generated, causing air pollution in the vicinity of the port. Currently, Donghae Port is making an effort to improve the operation environment of the infrastructure and equipment in stages, for the purpose of reducing air pollutant emissions caused by the port industries in a long-term perspective. In this study, the sphere of influence of fine dust exposure and the degree of air pollution in the surrounding area were analyzed such as the state of fine dust concentration and diffusion in the vicinity of Donghae Port, fine dust diffusion pattern and spatial distribution of high-concentration considering wind direction and speed characteristics during the day and seasonal cycles. A more effective plan to reduce the concentration of fine dust in nearby areas by combining reduction plan, is being developed in terms of improvement regarding port infrastructure and equipment, and reduction measures considering the characteristics of the atmosphere environment according to the daytime, nighttime and season.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

As the incidence and mortality of serious disasters in the construction industry are the highest, various efforts are being made in Korea to reduce them. Among them, risk assessment is used as data for disaster reduction measures and evaluation of risk factors at the construction stage. However, the existing risk assessment involves the subjectivity of the performer and is vulnerable to the domestic construction site. This study established a DB classification system for risk assessment with the aim of early identification and pre-removal of risks by quantitatively deriving risk factors using BIM in the risk assessment field and presents a methodology for risk assessment using BIM. Through this, prior removal of risks increases the safety of construction workers and reduces additional costs in the field of safety management. In addition, since it can be applied to new construction methods, it improves the understanding of project participants and becomes a tool for communication. This study proposes a framework for deriving quantitative risks based on BIM, and will be used as a base technology in the field of risk assessment using BIM in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2022

Environmental impact assessment on development projects is a process in which various stakeholders derive consultations by reflecting project characteristics and regional environmental status, and implementation of consultations is a prerequisite for securing sustainability of the local environment. The business plan can be changed to respond to changes in social and environmental conditions. And the business plan for which the environmental impact assessment consultation has been completed, it can be changed as a systematically prepared procedure (called Consultations on Amendment). As a result of investigating and analyzing the current status and major changes in the development project, Consultations on Amendment in industrial complexes were the most common, and the environmental impact is increasing accordingly. As the results of the analysis of operational status and the case studies, the main causes of Consultations on Amendment in industrial complex can be summarized into three categories: (1) formal demand forecasting for tenant industries, (2) excessive omission and simplification of administrative procedures under the Special Act, and (3) the use of an expedient change consultation system to facilitate environmental impact assessment consultation and shorten the period. This study proposes the following three measures to prevent the deterioration of the environmental impact assessment function due to frequent consultations on industrial complex changes; (1) Ensuring residents' participation procedures for Consultations on Amendment that changes important matters, (2) Reasonable revision of the "Simplification of Industrial Complex Procedures Act" to enhance the feasibility of industrial complex development plans and locations, (3) Development of evaluation criteria and methods for verification of real demand for objective demand management for industrial complexes, and (4) Preparation of a review guideline for Consultations on Amendment.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.152-162
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• 2022

Background: The efficacy and safety of equine cartilage as a competent xenograft material for rhinoplasty were evaluated and compared to the outcomes of rhinoplasty using silicone implants. Methods: We performed a multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority, and randomized confirmatory study. Fifty-six patients were randomized 1:1 to the study group (using MegaCartilage-E) and control group (using silicone implants). The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) score, photo documentation, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and adverse event data were obtained until 12 months after surgery. The primary efficacy, which is the change in ROE score 6 months after surgery, was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat set. The secondary efficacy was evaluated in the per-protocol set by assessing the change in ROE score 6 and 12 months after surgery and nasofrontal angle, the height of the nasion, and GAIS 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: The change in ROE score of the study group was non-inferior to that of the control group; it increased by 24.26±17.24 in the study group and 18.27±17.60 in the control group (p= 0.213). In both groups, all secondary outcome measures increased, but there was no statistical difference. In the safety set, treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 10 patients (35.71%) in the study group and six patients (21.43%) in the control group (p= 0.237). There were 13 adverse device events in the study group and six adverse device events in the control group (p= 0.515). Conclusion: Processed equine cartilage can be used effectively and safely as xenograft material for rhinoplasty.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.60
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• pp.69-92
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• 2021

This study was designed to insist on the need of introducing the position of dramaturgs as professionals at performance venues. A dramaturg is a professional staff member that proposes an artistic orientation in the making process of performing arts works such as play and dance. Dramaturgs are divided into production dramaturgs participating in individual works and permanent dramaturgs resident in the theater. In the present study, discussions developed around plans to make use of permanent dramaturgs at local public theaters. The study introduced the advantages of the dramaturg position at culture and arts centers serving as a public theater in the community and proposed institutional improvement measures for it. At a culture and arts center, a dramaturg will play the roles of expanding culture and arts service to local residents, increasing creative chances for local artists, contribution to the vitalization of local culture, and narrowing the cultural gap between the Seoul metropolitan region and the rest of the nation. The introduction of a permanent dramaturg system should be supported by efforts across various aspects including the revision of Culture and Arts Promotion Act and Public Performance Act, improvement of the management system of culture and arts centers, change of performance evaluation methods for performance venues, and introduction of a cultivation course for the public sector.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2022

In line with increasing interest of climate change and pedestrian rights, the city of Seoul has been implementing car-free pedestrian street policies. The government and the private sector agreed to introduce carfree streets, expecting to increase the urban vibrancy and attract customers in the streets. However, studies that empirically analyze the effects of the policy are insufficient, and there are no studies that reevaluate the car-free pedestrian street policy after the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study evaluates the car-free pedestrian street policy at the commercial street, the Jongno 52-gil, using the synthetic control method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the car-free pedestrian street policy was valid for enhancing urban vibrancy. Also, it was found that proper time interval is required to assess the policy since the peak increase of policy was observed in 3 months after the policy implementation. However, less than a year, the increase of the de facto population density on the Jongno 52-gil was revealed to be insignificant. In addition, the Jongno 52-gil was more vulnerable in the decrease of the de facto population density in the COVID-19 period than the synthetic control region. The results of this study suggest that long-term population inflow measures and flexible counterplan to contagious diseases are necessary in the car-free pedestrian street policy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop middle school English classes using Problem-Based Learning(PBL) based on flipped learning and to examine its effects. Recently, various attempts to combine flipped learning and PBL have been made; however, many studies have not been applied to middle and high school curriculums yet. The attempt of this study is expected to have theoretical and practical significance. The instructional model was derived from the review of previous studies, and the development of instructional program followed the general design procedure(analysis-design-development-implement-evaluation), and its validity was secured with the advice of related experts. To verify the effectiveness of the program, the English academic achievement test and the English key competency test were conducted before and after the program. Changes in English academic achievement were analyzed by the paired-sample t-test, and the effect of key competency and the level of achievement test performance (high vs, low) on the pre-post score change was analyzed by the mixed effects repeated measures ANOVA. As a result of the analysis, both academic achievement and key competencies increased, and the low-level students in the pre-academic achievement test showed more improvements. In conclusion, the PBL class based on flipped learning is effective in improving the English academic achievement and key competencies of middle school students, and in particular, it is shown to be an effective teaching method for students with low academic achievement.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

As manufacturing items have changed in various ways, changes in the mass production of small-scale small-scale production of multiple varieties have become commonplace. As a result, the method of the manufacturing site has also changed, and the "smart factory," which emphasizes the production efficiency aspect using automation lines and big data of factories, is in the spotlight according to the global market economy. The introduction performance of smart factories has a positive effect in terms of production efficiency and is drawing a steep upward curve. In addition to the positive aspects, the aspect that needs to be supplemented in the future is the support and cooperation of specialized smart equipment suppliers, but education on standardized smart factories and the relocation of existing manpower, education, evaluation, and creative production that robots cannot replace Various support measures are also needed for activities. In addition, continuous management and systematic education are required to enter the upper stage. Through the case of companies that have built smart factories, it is intended to emphasize the need for proper use of manpower and support management for settlement and maintenance after introduction and continuous on-the-job training through the comparison of productivity before and after introduction to ensure the effect continues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2022

With the increase in world trade through ships, the destruction of the marine ecosystem and socioeconomic damage due to invasive alien species (IAS) are continuously increasing. In particular, marine organisms attached on the hull surface and niche area increase the friction resistance of ships as well as the invasion of non-indigenous species, and causes a decrease in operational efficiency and an increase in GHG (Green House Gas) emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recently begun revising guidelines for the control and management of ship's biofouling, and New Zealand and California in the United States are already regulating biofouling management under their own laws. This study investigated the management status of the submerged surface of ships and marine organisms attachments on five international ships entering South Korea, and analyzed species group and coverage (%) of biofouling communities to evaluate the LoF (Level of Fouling) rank. Macroflouling was observed on all ships surveyed, and specially, the adhesion of macro organisms in niche areas such as bow thruster, bilge keels and sea-chest gratings appeared to be at a serious level. This study proposed the management direction our country should take with regard to ship's biofouling and the improvement measures for evaluation of LoF rank and inspection methods of hull and niche ares.