• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2017

양파를 이용하여 식초를 제조하기 위하여 막걸리로부터 분리된 내산성과 내알코올성이 우수하고 산생성능이 높은 Aectoacter orientalis MAK88를 사용하였다. 양파 추출액에 A. orientalis MAK88의 종배양액을 접종하여 초산 발효를 실시하였을 경우, 발효 최적 조건을 조사하였다. 앙파 추출액 중의 초기 에탄올 농도는 5% (v/v)가 최적이었으며, 발효 144시간에서의 산도는 4.31%이었다. 초기 초산 농도는 1% (v/v)가 최적으로 발효 144시간에서의 최종 산도는 5.32%였다. 최적 발효온도는 $28^{\circ}C$로 확인되었다. 양파 착즙액은 통 양파를 $121^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 가열한 뒤 가압 착즙 후 여과한 다음 $121^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 살균하여 제조한 것이 발효에 가장 적합하였으며, 희석하지 않은 착즙 원액을 사용하는 것이 가장 좋았다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Jeokhasuo in Korean) is a Oriental traditional herbs widely used in East Asian countries. Overconsumption of fructose results in hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose tolerance which have documented as a risk of cardiovascular diseases. This experimental study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of an ethanol extract from Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) in high-fructose (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups; Control group, receiving regular diet and tap water, HF group, and HF + PMR group both receiving supplemented with 65% fructose (n=10), respectively. The HF + PMR group initially received HF diet with PMR (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Results : PMR significantly prevented the metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. Chronic treatment with PMR significantly decreased body weight, fat weight and adipocyte size, suggesting a role of anti-obesity effect. PMR led to improve the hyperlipidemia through the increase in HDL cholesterol level as well as the decrease in triglyceride and LDL cholesterol level. In addition, PMR suppressed adhesion molecules and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in aorta resulting in the decrease of hypertension. In muscle tissue, PMR significantly recovered the HF-induced insulin resistance through increase of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-$AMPK{\alpha}1/2$, and p-Akt expression. PMR improved HF-induced metabolic disorders and its action was caused by energy metabolism-mediated insulin signaling activation. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMR may be a beneficial therapeutic for metabolic syndrome through the improvement of hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the effect of Samguiyong-tang (SGYT) on diabetes, we prepared two types of Samguiyong-tang (Type-I and -II) which was composed of three kinds of oriental drug such as Ginseng, Angelica gigantis radix and Deer antler. Type I was traditional hot-water extract prepared from three kinds of drug, and Type II was the mixture of ethanol-extract of ginseng and hot-water extract prepared from the other two drugs. Methods : We tested the effects of SGYT on the blood glucose levels in normal rats by the method of glucose tolerance test. And also examined the effects of SGYT on the levels in normal rats or diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin during 20 days. Results : 1. In the course of oral glucose tolerance test, the blood glucose level decreased by administration of SGYT I or II in normal rats. 2. In the course administration of SGYT during 20 days in normal rats, the blood glucose levels decreased until day 4 by Type I or Type II, but thereafter the level was recovered to the normal. 3. In the course administration of SGYT during 20 days in the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin, Type I (SGYT) had some effect on the blood glucose levels only at 12 day, and Type II (SGYT) decreased the levels from 6th day and so on, significantly. Conclusions : The results suggested that SGYT II had some decreasing effects on the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2016

누룩으로부터 44℃에서 성장할 수 있는 효모 균주를 분리하고 상대적으로 성장속도가 가장 우수한 MBY/L1569 균주를 선별하였다. MBY/L1569 균주는 Pichia farinosa로 동정되었으며, 대조구인 P. farinosa KCTC27412 균주에 비하여 내열성, 내산성 및 내알칼리성이 월등히 우수하였다. P. farinosa MBY/L1569 균주는 46℃에서 0.37 ± 0.05 h⁻¹의 비성장속도를 나타내었으며, 배양온도 37℃, 초기 pH 7.0, 포도당 농도 50 g/l 조건에서 0.50 ± 0.02 h⁻¹의 가장 빠른 비성장속도를 나타내었다. 최적 호기적 배양조건에서 P. farinosa MBY/L1569 균주는 50 g/l 포도당으로부터 19.66 ± 0.68 g/l 에탄올을 생산하여 약 40%의 수율을 나타냈다. P. farinosa MBY/L1569 균주는 한국미생물자원센터에 KCTC27753 균주로 기탁하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1502-1510
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• 2018

Organic solvent-tolerant (OST) enzymes are widely applied in various industries for their activity and stability in organic solvents, for their higher substrate solubility, and for their greater stero-selectivity. However, the criteria for identifying OST enzymes largely remain undefined. In this study, we compared the amino acid composition of 19 OST esterases with that of 19 non OST esterases. OST esterases have increased the ratio of Ala and Arg residues and decreased the ratio of Asn, Ile, Tyr, Lys, and Phe residues. Based on our amino acid composition analysis, we cloned a carboxylesterase (EstSP2) from a psychrophilic bacterium, Sphingomonas glacialis PAMC 26605, and characterized its recombinant protein. EstSP2 is a substrate specific to p-nitrophenyl acetate and hydrolyzed aspirin, with optimal activity at $40^{\circ}C$; at $4^{\circ}C$, the activity is approximately 50% of its maximum. As expected, EstSP2 showed tolerance in up to 40% concentration of polar organic solvents, including dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and ethanol. The results of this study suggest that selecting OST esterases based on their amino acid composition could be a novel approach to identifying OST esterases produced from bacterial genomes.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.76-78
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• 2002

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in most living cells by mild heat treatment, ethanol, heavy metal ions and hypoxia. In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mild heat pretreatment strongly induces Hsp104 and thus provide acquired thermotolerance. The ability of hsp104 deleted mutant $({\triangle}hsp104)$ to acquire tolerance to extreme temperature is severely impaired. In providing thermotolerance, two ATP binding domains are indispensible, as demonstrated in ClpA and ClpB proteases of E. coli. The mechanisms by which Hsp104 protects cells from severe heat stress are not yet completely elucidated. We have investigated regulation of mitochondrial metabolic pathways controlled by the functional Hsp104 protein using $^{13}C_NMR$ spectroscopy and observed that the turnover rate of TCA cycle was enhanced in the absence of Hsp104. Production of ROS, which are toxic to kill cells radiply via oxidative stress, was also examined by fluorescence assay. Mitochondrial dysfunction was manifested in increased ROS levels and higher sensitivity for oxidative stress in the absence of Hsp104 protein expressed. Finally, we have identified mitochondrial complex I and Ferritin as binding protein(s) of Hsp104 by yeast two hybrid experiment. Based on these observations, we suggest that Hsp104 protein functions as a protector of oxidative stress via either keeping mitochondrial integrity, direct binding to mitochonrial components or regulating metal-catalyzed redox chemistry.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2017

To evaluate the longevity property of Allium hookeri (Liliaceae) leaves, this study was performed. Ethanol extract of A. hookeri was successively partitioned as methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and $H_2O$ soluble fractions, and lifespan-extending effects of the fractions were checked using Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The most active ethyl acetate-soluble fraction elevated heat stress tolerance, and increased expression of stress resistance protein. Further studies were performed to investigate several aging-related factors such as reproduction, food intake, growth and movement of C. elegans. The results revealed that there were no significant changes in aging-related factors including reproduction and food intake, however, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction treatment led to up-regulation of locomotory ability and growth of aged worms, suggesting ethyl acetate-soluble fraction affected healthspan as well as lifespan of nematode.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Makgeolli is a traditional cloudy-white Korean rice wine with an alcohol content of 6~7%. The present study investigated the morphological characteristics, carbon-utilizing ability, fatty acid composition, alcohol resistance, glucose tolerance, and flocculence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y98-5 and Pichia anomala Y197-13, non-S. cerevisiae isolated from Nuruk, which is used in brewing Makgeolli. Similar morphological characteristics were observed for both isolated wild yeast strains; and the carbon source assimilation of Y197-13 differed from that of other P. anomala strains. Strain Y197-13 was negative for D-trehalose, mannitol, arbutin, I-erythritol, and succinic acid. The major cellular fatty acids of strain Y197-13 included C18:2n6c (33.94%), C18:1n9c (26.97%) and C16:0 (20.57%). Strain Y197-13 was Crabtree-negative, with 60% cell viability at 12% (v/v) ethanol. The flocculation level of strain Y197-13 was 8.38%, resulting in its classification as a non-flocculent yeast.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2003

복강 내당능 시험과 MLD STZ 당뇨를 유발시킨 rat에서 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼의 항당뇨 활성을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 복강 내당능 시험에서 백삼은 효과를 나타내지 못한 반면 홍삼과 화기삼은 대조군에 대하여 유의적인 변차를 나타내었다. MLD STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 SD계 흰쥐에 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼을 2주간 투여 후 혈당강하 활성을 비교한 결과 홍삼 투여군의 혈당이 가장 낮았으며 백삼과 화기삼은 비슷한 크기의 활성을 나타내었다. 2. 백삼과 홍삼, 화기삼은 모두 고혈당에 의한 체중 감소 현상을 개선시켰으며 각 투여군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 당뇨의 대표적인 증상인 다식 (多食)과 다음 (多飮)현상이 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼 투여에 의하여 개선되었으며 그 중 홍삼에 의한 효과가 가장 컸다. 4. 혈당강하 활성과 ginsenoside profile간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 PPT/PPD ratio가 가장 큰 홍삼의 혈당강하 활성이 백삼과 화기삼에 비해 높은 것으로 보아 PPT/PPD ratio가 혈당강하 활성의 key ratio가 아닌가 추측된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes. We separated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type-2 diabetic animal model, into two groups based on diabetic stage: prediabetes and early diabetes were defined as occurrence between the ages of 11 to 16 weeks and 17 to 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental group received an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted after 16 and 22 weeks for the prediabetic and early diabetes groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight between the control and ethanol groups. Fasting and 120-min glucose levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the ethanol group than in the control group. In prediabetes rats, alcohol induced significant expression of ER stress markers in the pancreas; however, alcohol did not affect the liver. In early diabetes rats, alcohol significantly increased most ER stress-marker levels in both the pancreas and liver. These results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption increased the risk of diabetes in prediabetic and early diabetic OLETF rats; the pancreas was more susceptible to damage than was the liver in the early diabetic stages, and the adaptive and proapoptotic pathway of ER stress may play key roles in the development and progression of diabetes affected by chronic alcohol ingestion.