• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, centered on intelligence and information, began to take hold in 2016. This study uses virtual reality technology, which is the most popular technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The purpose of this study is to explore a Virtual Walk-through method, which can be easily applied to landscape architecture. At present, virtual reality technology is widely used in the fields of games, emergency training, and architectural design. However, in the field of landscape architecture, it is still in the development stage. In addition, most of the traditional ways to display virtual reality use 2D images, but such methods have some limitations. Therefore, this research addresses the three stages of "design-exhibition-experience" and puts forward a new simple method called 'Virtual Walk-through' that breaks from traditional landscape design exhibitions. The results show that compared with traditional methods, virtual reality has many advantages, such as the freedom of experience, a diversity of viewing angles, information supply, interaction, etc. It can show high quality images and effects, which are suitable for landscape design. It provides an evaluation method for garden design that can be utilized in the future. It is simple and has value as it can reflect the method and the expected effects. Virtual reality technology can bring an infinite number of prospects to the development of landscape architecture.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.196-217
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify the state of conservation of the national paper heritages and to seek ways of conservation management, focusing on regular monitoring directly performed by the government on the national movable cultural heritages. Subjects for the investigation were limited to investigations conducted by both the Cultural Heritage Conservation Center and the Artistic Heritage Division in 2014 and 2015. Paper heritages are easily affected by temperature, humidity, lighting, etc. due to the nature of the material and can easily be damaged by physical strength; therefore stable conservation environment is essential and regular investigation on movable cultural heritages conducted according to the Cultural Heritage Protection Act is necessary to protect from contamination, being torn, bending, friction, or loss. Losing a chance for timely proper treatment will bring irrevocable result therefore strict management is necessary; continuous monitoring is also needed after treatment. Analysis on the pigments, materials and structures, detailed investigation, data establishment for conservation of cultural heritages and regular investigation should be done. Detailed data on the national cultural heritages will be a base of more reasonable conservation management system for the national paper heritages and will realize continuous improvement on regular investigation practice.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.58-73
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• 2014

In general, it is thought discoloration on wood is frequently found in decorative wood products. So this study was conducted focusing on white rot found lower parts of columns and baseboards of a wooden house, Hyunchungsa (shrine) to know whether microorganisms have any influence on discoloration or there is correlation with strength by investigating resistograph, occurrence of microorganisms and microscopy for analysis(SEM, tissue analysis etc.). The results obtained were as follows: (1) The result of measurement of resistograph showed there are little correlation between discoloration and strength though there was a spot indicating low resistance. (2) The moisture content of discolored part was relatively higher than that of normal parts, but occurrence of microorganisms was less in discolored parts while more kinds of microorganisms were identified in normal parts with high CFU(Colony Forming Unit). (3) The result of SEM (with a magnification of 500 times) on the surface of discolored parts, it was found out there are many kinds of particles in different sizes on the surface and those were composed of elements such as C, O, Si, Ca, and a small amount of Na and Cl (weight %) were detected in part. (4) The result of tissue analysis showed discoloration occurs limitedly to the outer surface of column. As these results, it is concluded that discoloration has nothing to do with strength, damage by microorganisms and salt.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.166-185
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• 2015

Recently, as an enonomic importance of the Eurasian Continent raises, the necessity of east-west connecting ancient transport roads research is increasing. Although domestic research of eastern-western international exchange in the Eurasia is not yet very active, the studies of history, archaeology, art history, folklore, costume history have been advanced steadily. An attention for the exchange through steppe route originated from the interest in Korean folk and Korean culture and the research range is extending to Xiungnu, Kurgan culture as a direct investigation on the remains of Mongolia and Kazakhstan has been achieved constantly. The art history has been leading the research of exchange which is based on desert and oasis. The field research of Iran, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, etc progressed in various routes, and the research on diverse topics including Silla's golden culture, transmission of glass, and the Buddhism is improving. Research on the maritime silk road is weaker, compared to other parts. Buddhist and Hindu temples of Southeast Asia attracted some interest to people, but the research should focus on the restoration of sea route and consideration of its meaning. Research of this part is expected to be more activative, as domestic researchers investigate Don Son culture and Sa Huynh culture of Vietnam by themselves. From now on, we should focus on topics that are not directly connected to Korean history, and Korean culture. Because it is also our duty to study and conserve the culture of entire human community.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.122-129
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• 2019

The movement of deterioration agents such as a chloride ion, etc. in concrete varies with loading conditions and micro-structure developed by age effect. In this paper, the carbonation behavior by accelerated carbonation test is evaluated considering curing periods(28 days, 91 days, and 365 days) and loading conditions. Carbonation velocity coefficients are obtained referred to KS F 2584. In the control case without loading condition, carbonation velocity coefficient of 91 days decreases to 50.0 % level and that of 365 days decreases to 44.8 % level than that of 28 days curing condition. In 28 curing days, carbonation velocity coefficients changed level of 103.9 ~ 108.8 % in tensile region and 91.9~104.6 % in compressive region by loading conditions. Carbonation velocity coefficients in the 30 % and 60 % tensile loading case at 28 days decreases to 47.3 % and 52.5 % level compared to control case after 1 year. Furthermore, 45.8 % and 44.9 % level of carbonation velocity coefficients are evaluated for 30 % and 60 % compressive loading conditions compared to control case after 1 year. Carbonation velocity coefficient decreases in the 30 % compressive loading level due to effective pore compaction and it increases afterwards due to micro-cracking. In the tensile loading condition, unlike the behavior of compressive region, it linearly increases with increasing loading level.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2019

Safety of genetically modified foods (GM foods) in Korea is evaluated according to "Food Sanitation Act" and "Regulation on safety evaluation for GM foods" based on the concept of substantial equivalence. In which cases a person who imports, develops or manufactures GM foods for the purpose of eating imports GM foods for the first time, he/she shall undergo a safety evaluation of the relevant foods, etc. by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). And in which cases ten years have elapsed since GM foods underwent safety evaluation, they shall be re-evaluated for their safety. As of April 2019, a total of 199 events have been approved by MFDS and they are 169 events of GM crops including soybean (29), maize (87), cotton (29), canola (14), sugar beet (1), potato (4), alfalfa (5), 6 events of GM microorganisms (GMM) and 24 events of GM food additives originated from GMM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2019

Floating platforms made of PE (PolyEthylene) are often located in shallows of seas, rivers or lakes. They are widely used for marine pensions, marine pontoons, marine bridges, etc. These products are characterized by good flexibility, recyclability, chemical resistance and weatherability with corrosion resistance. Existing PE floating platforms have a simple structure in which one pipe is fastened to one bracket, but this has limited application, even if a user modifies the arrangement. Therefore, we developed a structure that allows buoyancy pipes of various sizes to be fastened to one bracket and verified the structural safety of the product using the finite element method. From the results of structural analysis for buoyancy pipes of different diameters, the maximum stress ratio was 0.78 compared with allowable criteria of 1.0, which represented sufficient safety for a model with 500 mm diameter pipes. Based on the results of this study, further research to evaluate the structural safety of various floating platforms can be carried out in the further; it will also be necessary to establish related evaluation criteria.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.637-645
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• 2019

Among various ecosystem services provided by the basin, this study deals with water yield (WY) estimation in the Bagmati basin of Nepal. Maps of where water used for different facilities like water supply, irrigation, hydropower etc. are generated helps planning and management of facilities. These maps also help to avoid unintended impacts on provision and production of services. Several studies have focused on the provision of ecosystem services (ES) on the basin. Most of the studies have are primarily focused on carbon storage and drinking water supply. Meanwhile, none of the studies has specifically highlighted water yield distribution on sub-basin scale and as per land use types in the Bagmati basin of Nepal. Thus, this study was originated with an aim to compute the total WY of the basin along with computation on a sub-basin scale and to study the WY capacity of different landuse types of the basin. For the study, InVEST water yield model, a popular model for ecosystem service assessment based on Budyko hydrological method is used along with ArcGIS. The result shows water yield per hectare is highest on sub-basin 5 ($15216.32m^3/ha$) and lowest on sub-basin 6 ($10847.15m^3/ha$). Likewise, built-up landuse has highest WY capacity followed by grassland and agricultural area. The sub-basin wise and LULC specific WY estimations are expected to provide scenarios for development of interrelated services on local scales. Also, these estimations are expected to promote sustainable land use policies and interrelated water management services.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.247-254
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• 2019

Recently, in designing military equipment, considerable attention has been paid to maintaining operations, including reliability, maintenance, and maintenance time of equipment, from the early stages of development. Therefore, both users and developers stress the importance of design considering the maintenance time. This study evaluated the specific methodologies for predicting the realistic maintenance time, such as the access complexity of equipment, other than the standard maintenance time provided by the conventional method mil-hdbk-470a at the beginning of the design, and applied the time conversion factor using a measure of the maintenance complexity. In addition, the actual maintenance time reflecting the actual maintenance time of the developed equipment and the time-conversion factor applied was compared/verified to confirm the reliability of the data. In a study to set a target for repair and the repair of equipment design in the future, it is expected that the maintenance time of equipment that fails to measure the maintenance time for the initial actual equipment will be reflected as a more realistic time. Moreover, activities, such as research and design reflection activities, will be performed to reduce the maintenance time, operational maintenance cost, etc.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

Gut microbiome have recently provided evidence that the gut microbiota are capable of greatly influencing all aspects of physiology and immunology. Although a number of recent studies have shown that probiotics can modulate gut microbiota structure, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be elucidated. In a disease state, the relative abundances of beneficial gut bacteria are generally reduced, which is restored by constant probiotic supplementation. Oral administration of probiotics improved the disease state by (1) inducing differentiation and function of regulatory T cells, (2) reducing inflammatory response, (3) modulating the gut environment, and (4) increasing the proportions of short-chain fatty acid- or beneficial metabolite-producing gut microbiota including the genera Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, etc. In this review, current knowledge on how probiotics can influence host's health by altering gut microbiota structure and on how probiotics and beneficial gut bacteria can be applied as next-generation probiotics will be discussed.