• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.953-959
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 청각으로부터 생리활성물질을 추출하기 위해서 친환경적인 효소적 방법을 이용하여, 이들 효소 가수 분해물의 TPC, TFC, 항산화 활성, acetylcholinesterase(AChE) 저해 활성 및 항염증 활성을 측정하였다. 청각의 단백질 및 탄수화물 가수분해물의 TPC는 TFC보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 단백질 가수분해물이 탄수화물 가수분해물보다 높은 TPC를 나타내었다. 청각 가수분해물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH radical 소거 활성으로 측정하였고, 단백질 가수분해물에서는 Flavourzyme 가수분해물이 활성이 높았고, 탄수화물 가수분해물에서는 Promozyme 가수분해물이 높은 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 두가지 가수분해물을 이용하여 hydrogen peroxide 소거능, $Fe^{2+}$ 킬레이팅 및 reducing power를 측정한 결과 두 가수분해물 모두 우수한 항산화 활성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 또한, hydroxyl radical로 유도된 DNA 손상을 효과적으로 억제하였다. AChE 저해 활성에서는 Flavourzyme 및 Dextrozyme 가수분해물이 각각 우수한 AChE 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 청각 가수분해물의 RAW264.7 세포주에 대한 세포독성을 검토한 결과 세포독성을 나타내지 않았으며, lipopolysaccharide(LPS)로 유도된 nitric oxide(NO) 생성 억제능에서는 모든 가수분해물이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 NO의 생성을 억제하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Twenty five isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were recovered from different infested fields of vegetable along the heavily cultivated crops in Jordan valley. Cellulase and pectinase activities of those isolates were detected using CMC and pectin agar media, respectively. Diameter of the clearing zones on those media represented the level of such enzymatic activities, characteristic of each isolate. The virulence of those isolates was studied using a squash (Cucurbita pipo) cultivar under a greenhouse condition. The significance of correlating the enzymatic activity with the virulence of the isolates was ascertained and discussed.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2012

We investigated the anti-diabetic activity and enzymatic activity of 24 commercial doenjang samples certified for traditional foods. Twenty four doenjang samples showed the wide ranges in enzymatic activities (protease activities 0-50.45 unit/g, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities 0-675.9 unit/g, ${\beta}$-amylase 13.6-308.6 unit/g), and there were no difference in enzymatic activity by the producing region. To evaluate the potential anti-diabetic activity of 24 doenjang samples, we examined the effect of doenjang methanol extract (DME) on 2-[n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amyno]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake. Ten samples among 24 samples significantly stimulated the uptake of 2-NBDG. When the cells were treated with DME at 400 ug/mL, No. 17 and 23 specially stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by 1.23-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively, compared with untreated control cell. And there were no cytotoxicity in the C2C12 cells treated with DME at concentration of 500 ug/mL. Among 24 samples, No. 6, 7, 12, 21 and 24 showed the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor activity at concentration of 10 mg/mL; however, they were less effective than acarbose which is a commercial ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.672-681
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of enzymatic digests from citrus by-products (CBPs) prepared by high speed drying (HSD). HSD needs a short time (60 min) for drying and can be used in a commercial scale. Enzymatic digests were prepared from the CBPs using 6 enzymes such as aminoglucosidase (AMG), celluclast, pectinex, termamyl, ultraflo, and viscozyme. Antioxidant activities of AMG digest from CBPs were evaluated by different in vitro models such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, alkyl, $H_2O_2$ scavenging, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation, and comet assays, and exhibited strong activities. The antioxidant compounds were detected by an high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled on-line to an 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ($ABTS^+$) scavenging detection system, and found that hesperidin was the key compound. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that HSD is an effective method to transform wet CBPs into dried form, and CBPs are potential source of natural antioxidant.

• ALGAE
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

In this study, we focused on natural water-soluble antioxidants from fresh water microalgae, Pediastrum duplex and Dactylococcopsis fascicularis from Jeju Island, Korea. They were prepared by enzymatic digestion using five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase), and the potential antioxidant activity of each was assessed. All enzymatic digests from P. duplex showed significant DPPH scavenging effects. Termamyl (60.6%) digest from P. duplex possessed the highest effects on hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Celluclast (58.1%) and Kojizyme digests (56.9%) from D. fascicularis possessed higher effects on superoxide anion radical scavenging. All enzymatic digests exhibited significant effects on both NO· scavenging and metal chelating. Lipid peroxidation was significantly in inhibited Viscozyme, Termamyl and Kojizyme digests from P. duplex and Ultraflo, Protamex, Kojizyme and Alcalase digests from D. fascicularis. These data suggest that enzymatic digests of the fresh water microalgae, P. duplex and D. fascicularis might be valuable sources of antioxidant which can be applied in food and pharmaceutical industry.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select the useful bacteria which secret extracellula enzymes for enzymatic deinking agent of old newspaper. CMCase, FPase and xylanase activities of the bacteria liquid culture were measured at optimal growth conditions. Clear zone test was checked on the solid culture. The results of this study were as follow: Eight strains of 28 bacteria isolated from a paper mill soil ground were shown strong CMCase and xylanase activity with the clear zone test. The optimal pH and temperature for culture growth were 6~8 and 26~$34^{\circ}C$, respectively and optimal culture period were less than 60 hours. Based on CMCase, FPase and xylanase activity, strain No. 18, 21, 22 and 28 which were relatively higher than the other strains, were selected for further enzymatic deinking research.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기능성이 높은 참죽을 효소를 이용하여 추출하고 각 효소에 따른 추출물의 기능성 성분의 함량 및 산화방지 활성을 측정하였다. Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높은 수율을 보였으며, AMG 효소 추출물을 제외한 효소 처리군이 효소 비처리군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 polyphenol 및 flavonoid 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음 AMG, Shearzyme, Celluclast 추출물의 순으로 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 추출물을 희석했음에도 불구하고 모든 처리군에서 90% 이상의 높은 활성을 보였다. $Fe^{2+}$ 킬레이트 효과는 Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, 그 다음 Shearzyme, Celluclast, 비효소, AMG 추출물 순으로 나타났다. 환원력은 Shearzyme과 Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 비효소, AMG, Celluclast 추출물 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 효소를 이용하여 참죽을 추출할 경우 효소를 처리하지 않는 경우에 비해 높은 산화방지 활성을 나타내었으며, 특히, Viscozyme 처리 시 가장 높은 수율과 산화방지 활성을 나타내어 참죽의 기능성 식품 소재화를 위해 기능성 성분 추출 시 효소의 이용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2008

The antioxidative activity of various enzymatic extracts from leaves of Perilla frutescens var. japonica was evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and alkyl radical scavenging activity using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. For this study, the leaves were enzymatically hydrolyzed by 8 carbohydrases (Dextrozyme, AMG, Promozyme, Maltogenase, Termamyl, Viscozyme, Celluclast, and BAN) and 9 proteases [Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex, Alcalase, PP-trypsin (trypsin from porcine pancreas), papain, pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and BP-trypsin (trypsin from bovine pancreas)]. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of Promozyme and Alcalase extracts were the highest, and the $IC_{50}$ values were 77.25 and $109.66\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. All enzymatic extracts of the leaves scavenged hydroxyl radical, and the $IC_{50}$ values of Celluclast and pepsin extracts which were the highest activity were 243.34 and $241.86\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The BAN and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin extracts showed the highest scavenging activities, and the $IC_{50}$ values were 21.13 and $33.23\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The pepsin extracts from the leaves showed protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. In addition, the pepsin extracts decreased cell death in PC-12 cells against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage. The findings of the present study suggest that enzymatic extracts of the leaves possess antioxidative activity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

This study investigated the immuno-potentiating activities of Japanese mud shrimp Upogebia major. We examined the effects of enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and on the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines including $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of six enzymatic hydrolysates of U. major (alcalase, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin [${\alpha}-Chy$], trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, protamex) significantly increased the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells, with ${\alpha}-Chy$ having the greatest effect. This hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes at 3 and 10 kDa to created three fractions (below 3 kDa, between 3 and 10 kDa, and above 10 kDa). Of these, the <3 kDa and >10 kDa fractions showed significant increases in NO production. These two fractions also induced $PGE_2$ production in RAW 264.7 cells and showed significant increases in the expression of all cytokines studied. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major is a potentially useful food material with immune-potentiating effects.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2012

Pylaiella littoralis was collected in the Chuuk lagoon of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The FSM has a variety of coral reef ecosystems, which provide essential materials, such as minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, for marine organisms. In this study, the antioxidant activities of ethanol and enzymatic extracts of P. littoralis were evaluated by measuring their scavenging activities on DPPH free radical, Alkyl radical, hydroxyl radical and cell viability. The enzymatic extracts were hydrolyzed to prepare water soluble extracts by using five carbohydrate degrading enzymes (AMG, Celluclast, Termamyl, Ultraflo, and Viscozyme) and five proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase, and Protamex). As a result, the enzymatic extracts prepared by Flavourzyme, Ultraflo, and Kojizyme exhibited the greatest effects in DPPH free radical, alkyl radical scavenging activity and cell viability. Also, these enzymatic extracts had a higher antioxidant effect then commercial antioxidants in DPPH free radical and Alkyl radical scavenging activity. This study suggests that P. littoralis might be a useful source of natural antioxidants for the development of dietary supplements.