• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ${NO_3}^-$ and ${NH_4}^+$ on the adventitious root growth and eleuthroside synthesis of Eleutherococcus koreanum in 5 L-bioreactor culture. The change in the medium components was also measured during culture. The fresh weignt of adventitious root reached to the highest level of 30.8 g FW/L in the presence of both 50 mM ${NO_3}^-$ and 10 mM $NH_4^+$, representing 3.6-fold increase compared to the 60 mM ${NH_4}^+$ alone. However, as the increase of the portion of ${NH_4}^+$, the root growth was decreased. However, the maximum eleutheroside B, E and E1 contents were $57.3{\mu}g/g$ DW, $188.4{\mu}g/g$ DW and $47.3{\mu}g/g$ DW, with 30 mM, 60 mM and 15 mM total nitrogen source, respectively. Fresh weight of adventitious root increased up to 6.8-fold of inoculum size within 9 weeks. The amounts of ${NH_4}^+$, $K^+$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${PO_4}^-$ were decreased during culture periods. Based on these results, we suggest that various further studies are required to increase the biomass and the useful secondary metabilites.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

The effects of red, blue, and far-red light by illumination of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on growth, morphogenesis and eleutheroside contents of in vitro plantlets of Eleutherococcus senticosus were examined. As a control, plantlets were grown under a broad spectrum white fluorescent lamp (16/8 h illumination). The length of plantlets grown under the red/blue LEDs was taller than those under fluorescent lamps. Leaf area, root length and fresh weight of plantlets were highest under blue light compared to other kinds of light sources. Chlorophyll contents in plantlets grown under fluorescent lamps were higher than those in plantlets grown under LED illumination. Production of eleuthroside B and E in plantlets was highest under blue LED. However, production of eleuthroside E1 was highest under fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that plant growth and eleuthroside accumulation can be controlled by wave length of light under LED illumination system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2019

This study compared the contents of phenolic components depending on the extracting conditions of Acanthopanax koreanum stem to provide basic information for developing Acanthopanax koreanum-based functional foods. Our findings show that the content of total phenolic component peaked at 16 hours of extraction (WAK-16, 7.22%) and when water extracted at $100^{\circ}C$. However, 11-hours water extraction (WAK-11) showed highest eleutheroside B concentration of 1.32%, a main component of A. koreanum, and the level of chlorogenic acid concentration was the highest when 1-hour water extraction (WAK-1) was conducted, being 2.12%. Moreover, highest concentration of eleutheroside E was observed in 16-hours water extraction (WAK-16) as 1.49%. With 60-hours water extraction (WAK-60), the content of syringaresinol, an active phenolic aglycon substance, concentration was the highest with the value of 0.10%. Isofraxidin showed the highest concentration of water extract(0.09%) for 20 hours (WAK-20) and 0.42% for sinapyl alcohol[16 hours (WAK-16)].

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.84-85
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• 1996

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2024

Global interest in natural functional materials to strengthen human immunity is increasing due to the increase in immune-related diseases associated with COVID-19 and the aging population. In this study, we determined the potential therapeutic effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus stems on immune enhancement according to the cultivation region. The contents of eleutheroside B and E, which are chemical components of E. senticosus stems, were analyzed. We showed that the eleutheroside B content of E. senticosus stems in different cultivation regions ranged from 2.96±0.11 to 6.24±0.05 mg/g and from 1.11±0.05 to 2.11±0.03 mg/g in 70% ethanol and hot water extracts, respectively. The eleutheroside E content ranged from 4.93±0.20 to 10.79±0.03 mg/g and 1.75±0.14 to 3.64±0.05 mg/g in 70% ethanol and hot water extracts, respectively. In addition, the immunomodulatory effect of E. senticosus stems was evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 70% ethanol extract of E. senticosus stems showed no cytotoxicity up to 200 ㎍/mL, and the hot water extract showed no cytotoxicity up to 500 ㎍/mL. Additionally, the E. senticosus stem extract significantly increased the production of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) compared to their production in the control group. These results suggest that E. senticosus stem extracts are a potential functional food material and ingredient to enhance the immune response.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.301-305
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• 2003

The effects of inorganic nitrogen sources such as KNO$_3$ and NH$_4$ NO$_3$ on cell growth and production of chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E derivative were investigated in 5L bioreactor cultures of Eleutherococcus senticosus. The cell growth in the 1/2MS medium containing 15mMKNO$_{3}$. The fresh weight of cells harvested from bioreactor was affected by the concentration ratio of NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NH$_4$$^{+}$ in culture medium. At the viewpoint of secondary metabolite production, the production of chlorogenic acid was affected by the concentration of NH$_4$$^{+}$ in the culture medium, but not by the total concentration of nitrogen sources in the culture medium. Futhermore, eleutheroside E derivative production was also affected by the concentration ratio of NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NH$_4$$^{+}$ in the culture medium. Base on those results, it is suggested that cell growth and production of secondary metabolite(chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E derivative) could be manipulated by controlling the total concentration of nitrogen sources and the concentration ratio of NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NH$_4$$^{+}$ in the culture medium. medium.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.373-377
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• 2012

This study was carried out in order to investigate the functional properties of 50% methanol extracts from four parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus by means of measuring the contents of eleutheroside B, E, and total polyphenols as well as determining electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability (NSA), and anticancer activity. The highest contents of eleutheroside B and E were found in the fruit (538.99 ${\mu}g/g$) and the stem (556.00 ${\mu}g/g$). The root extract demonstrated the highest polyphenol content (2.97 mg/g). EDA of the stem and root extracts were 90.21% and 85.71%. All of the extracts showed 81.5-93.0% of NSA at pH 1.2. In addition all extracts indicated no cytotoxicity to normal cell line (DC2.4). The root extract had a 23% inhibitory effect against the stomach cancer cell line (SNU-719). These results revealed that 50% methanol extracts from A. sessiliflorus can be used as a potential resource of nutraceuticals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ on the adventitious root growth and eleuthroside synthesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus during 3 L-bioreactor culture. The change of medium component ratio was also measured during culture. The fresh weignt of adventitious root reached to the greatest level of 24.4g FW/L in the presence of 50 mM $NO_3{^-}$ and 10 mM $NH_4{^+}$, representing 3.4-fold increase compared to the 60 mM $NH_4{^+}$. However, as the increase of the portion of $NH_4{^+}$, the root growth was decreased. Maximum eleutheroside B and E1 production were $249{\mu}g/g$ and $43{\mu}g/g$, respectively, with 30 mM total nitrogen source. The maximum production of eleutheroside E were $788{\mu}g/g$ with 120 mM total nitrogen source. The greatest weight of adventitious root increased up to 6.2 fold of inoculum size within 9 weeks. The change of pH was influenced from 4.81 to 6.35 and the amounts of $NH_4{^+}$ and $K^+$ were decreased during culture periods. From these results we suggest, need further study of various treatment to increase the growth of biomass and the accumulation of useful secondary metabilites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.512-520
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• 2008

In order to examine the effective components and antioxidative characteristics of Acanthopanacis cortex, response surface methodology was used to optimize the hot water extraction process by analyzing and monitoring the extraction condition characteristics. The total extraction yield was optimized using the extraction temperature of $84.28^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 3.59 hr and 18.37 mL/g as the amount of solvent per sample. For the effective component of eleutheroside E, the optimal extraction temperature, time and amount of solvent per sample were $81.16^{\circ}C$, 3.56 hr, and 19.06 mL/g, respectively; also, for total phenolics, the optimal conditions were $88.45^{\circ}C$, 4.33 hr, and 21.12 mL/g, respectively. Regression equations were deduced for each variable and then eleutheroside E, chlorogenic acid, and antioxidative characteristics were superimposed with the optimal conditions to obtain values for each extraction process factor. The predicted results were $81{\sim}88^{\circ}C$, $3.5{\sim}4.3hr$, and $18{\sim}21mL/g$, respectively. The estimated values for the optimal extraction conditions of Acanthopanacis cortex's effective components and antioxidative characteristics were similar to the experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 1986

Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) is a indigenous medicinal plant growing throughout Jeju-Do in Korea. The plant extract is used in rheumatism, tonic, paralysis and sedative agent. From the roots of A. koreanum, lignan compounds, a diterpenoid, and a polyacetylene compound were isolated and their structures were elucidated by using IR, PMR, CMR and MS spectral data.