• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the effects of extracts of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidation and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and was investigated on hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Male rats weighing $182.39{\pm}4.71g$ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and 36 rats(above 400 g) were divided into 4 groups. Each of 9 rats was divided a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) extracts(100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflmmatory cytokines, anti-oxidative activity and $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E and leptin gene expression. Results: 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty(FFA) showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 2. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol showed a Significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol showed a significant increment in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group. 3. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. Concentration of liver TG showed a significant decrement in all Ojeoksangamibang groups than that of control group. 4. Concentration of plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. 5. The values of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activity showed a significant increment in all Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 6. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity showed no significant different in all treatment group. 7. Concentration of plasma $interleukin(IL)-1{beta}$ showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma IL-6 showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. Concentration of plasma tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ a siginifant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. However the concentration of plasma IL-10 in the 300 mg/kg Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant increment than that of control group. 9. In the analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), gene expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B and Apo-E in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a lower expression than that of control group. However the gene expression of leptin showed no difference in the treatment groups. 10. The ratio of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, and Apo-E per ${\beta}-actin$ expression in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant decrement than that of control group. However The ratio of leptin expression per ${\beta}-actin$ expression showed no significant difference among all the treatment groups. Conclusions: According to above results, in lowering lipid effect, anti-oxidation and control of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) gives effect.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.537-554
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• 2017

In this paper, we study the surfaces foliated by ellipses in three dimensional Euclidean space ${\mathbf{E}}^3$. We prove the following results: (1) The surface foliated by an ellipse have constant Gaussian curvature K if and only if the surface is flat, i.e. K = 0. (2) The surface foliated by an ellipse is a flat if and only if it is a part of generalized cylinder or part of generalized cone.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.881-889
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• 1994

Let ($X, \Beta, \mu$) be a measure space with the $\sigma$-algebra $\Beta$ and the probability measure $\mu$. Throughouth this article set equalities and inclusions are understood as being so modulo measure zero sets. A transformation T defined on a probability space X is said to be measure preserving if $\mu(T^{-1}E) = \mu(E)$ for $E \in B$. It is said to be ergodic if $\mu(E) = 0$ or i whenever $T^{-1}E = E$ for $E \in B$. Consider the sequence ${x, Tx, T^2x,...}$ for $x \in X$. One may ask the following questions: What is the relative frequency of the points $T^nx$ which visit the set E\ulcorner Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem states that for an ergodic transformation T the time average $lim_{n \to \infty}(1/N)\sum^{N-1}_{n=0}{f(T^nx)}$ equals for almost every x the space average $(1/\mu(X)) \int_X f(x)d\mu(x)$. In the special case when f is the characteristic function $\chi E$ of a set E and T is ergodic we have the following formula for the frequency of visits of T-iterates to E : $$ lim_{N \to \infty} \frac{$\mid${n : T^n x \in E, 0 \leq n $\mid$}{N} = \mu(E) $$ for almost all $x \in X$ where $$\mid$\cdot$\mid$$ denotes cardinality of a set. For the details, see [8], [10].

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2017

Eukaryotic gene expression is precisely regulated at all points between transcription and translation. In this review, we focus on translational control mediated by the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs. mRNA 3'-UTRs contain cis-acting elements that function in the regulation of protein translation or mRNA decay. Each RNA binding protein that binds to these cis-acting elements regulates mRNA translation via various mechanisms targeting the mRNA cap structure, the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-eIF4G complex, ribosomes, and the poly (A) tail. We also discuss translation-mediated regulation of mRNA fate.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.689-699
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• 2012

(S, *) is a semigroup S equipped with a unary operation "*". This work is devoted to a class of unary semigroups, namely E-$inversive$ *-$semigroups$. A unary semigroup (S, *) is called an E-inversive *-semigroup if the following identities hold: $$x^*xx^*=x^*$$, $$(x^*)^*=xx^*x$$, $$(xy)^*=y^*x^*$$. In this paper, E-inversive *-semigroups are characterized by several methods. Furthermore, congruences on these semigroups are also studied.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2011

In this paper, we construct a cover ($\mathcal{L}(X)$, $c_X$) of a space X such that for any cloz-cover (Y, f) of X, there is a covering map g : $Y{\longrightarrow}\mathcal{L}(X)$ with $c_X{\circ}g=f$. Using this, we show that every Tychonoff space X has a minimal cloz-cover ($E_{cc}(X)$, $z_X$) and that for a strongly zero-dimensional space X, ${\beta}E_{cc}(X)=E_{cc}({\beta}X)$ if and only if $E_{cc}(X)$ is $z^{\sharp}$-embedded in $E_{cc}({\beta}X)$.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

The key technologies of GNSS receiver for GNSS sensor station are under development as a part of a GNSS ground station in ETRI. This paper presents the GNSS receiver implementation and signal processing result which is implemented based on FPGA to process the Galileo E1 and E5 signal. To verify the working and performance for GNSS receiver which is implemented based on FPGA, live signal received from GIOVE-B which is second test satellite is used. We gather GIOVE-B signal by using prototyping antenna and RF/IF units including IF-component. To verify Galileo E1 and E5 signal processing function from GIOVE-B, FPGA based signal processing module is implemented as a prototyping hardware board.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.186-193
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• 2017

In mammals, cap-dependent translation of mRNAs is initiated by two distinct mechanisms: cap-binding complex (CBC; a heterodimer of CBP80 and 20)-dependent translation (CT) and eIF4E-dependent translation (ET). Both translation initiation mechanisms share common features in driving cap- dependent translation; nevertheless, they can be distinguished from each other based on their molecular features and biological roles. CT is largely associated with mRNA surveillance such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), whereas ET is predominantly involved in the bulk of protein synthesis. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that CT and ET have similar roles in protein synthesis and mRNA surveillance. In a subset of mRNAs, CT preferentially drives the cap-dependent translation, as ET does, and ET is responsible for mRNA surveillance, as CT does. In this review, we summarize and compare the molecular features of CT and ET with a focus on the emerging roles of CT in translation.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2013

Let R be a ring with identity 1, $I(R){\neq}\{0\}$ be the set of all nonunit idempotents in R, and M(R) be the set of all primitive idempotents and 0 of R. We say that I(R) is additive if for all e, $f{\in}I(R)$ ($e{\neq}f$), $e+f{\in}I(R)$. In this paper, the following are shown: (1) I(R) is a finite additive set if and only if $M(R){\backslash}\{0\}$ is a complete set of primitive central idempotents, char(R) = 2 and every nonzero idempotent of R can be expressed as a sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents of R; (2) for a regular ring R such that I(R) is a finite additive set, if the multiplicative group of all units of R is abelian (resp. cyclic), then R is a commutative ring (resp. R is a finite direct product of finite field).

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1985

For each a.mem.S and f.mem.m(S), denote by $l_{a}$ f(s)=f(as) for all s.mem.S. If A is a norm closed left translation invariant subalgebra of m(S) (i.e. $l_{a}$ f.mem.A whenever f.mem.A and a.mem.S) containing 1, the constant ont function on S and .phi..mem. $A^{*}$, the dual of A, then .phi. is a mean on A if .phi.(f).geq.0 for f.geq.0 and .phi.(1) = 1, .phi. is multiplicative if .phi. (fg)=.phi.(f).phi.(g) for all f, g.mem.A; .phi. is left invariant if .phi.(1sf)=.phi.(f) for all s.mem.S and f.mem.A. It is well known that the set of multiplicative means on m(S) is precisely .betha.S, the Stone-Cech compactification of S[7]. A subalgebra of m(S) is (extremely) left amenable, denoted by (ELA)LA if it is nom closed, left translation invariant containing contants and has a multiplicative left invariant mean (LIM). A semigroup S is (ELA) LA, if m(S) is (ELA)LA. A subset E.contnd.S is left thick (T. Mitchell, [4]) if for any finite subser F.contnd.S, there exists s.mem.S such that $F_{s}$ .contnd.E or equivalently, the family { $s^{-1}$ E : s.mem.S} has finite intersection property.y.