• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.725-730
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• 2009

Cyclin E1 (CCNE1), a positive regulator of the cell cycle, controls the transition of cells from G1 to S phase. In numerous human tumors, however, CCNE1 expression is frequently dysregulated, while the mechanism leading to its dysregulation remains incompletely defined. Herein, we showed that CCNE1 expression was subject to post-transcriptional regulation by a microRNA miR-16-1. This was evident at protein level of CCNE1 as well as its mRNA level. Further evident by dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that two evolutionary conserved binding sites on 3' UTR of CCNE1 were the direct functional target sites. Moreover, we showed that miR-16-1 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by targeting CCNE1 and siRNA against CCNE1 partially phenocopied miR-16-1-induced cell cycle phenotype whereas substantially rescued anti-miR-16-1- induced phenotype. Together, all these results demonstrate that miR-16-1 plays a vital role in modulating cellular process in human cancers and indicate the therapeutic potential of miR-16-1 in cancer therapy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2017

Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) is an important epigenetic regulator in eukaryotic cells. During encystation, an essential process for Acanthamoeba survival, the expression of a lot of genes involved in the encystation process has to be regulated in order to be induced or inhibited. However, the regulation mechanism of these genes is yet unknown. In this study, the full-length 1,059 bp cDNA sequence of Acanthamoeba castellanii PRMT1 (AcPRMT1) was cloned for the first time. The AcPRMT1 protein comprised of 352 amino acids with a SAM-dependent methyltransferase PRMT-type domain. The expression level of AcPRMT1 was highly increased during encystation of A. castellanii. The EGFP-AcPRMT1 fusion protein was distributed over the cytoplasm, but it was mainly localized in the nucleus of Acanthamoeba. Knock down of AcPRMT1 by synthetic siRNA with a complementary sequence failed to form mature cysts. These findings suggested that AcPRMT1 plays a critical role in the regulation of encystation of A. castellanii. The target gene of AcPRMT1 regulation and the detailed mechanisms need to be investigated by further studies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1132-1136
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• 2012

Many kind of cell stresses induce gene expression of unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated factors. This study demonstrated that up- and down-regulation of gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress chaperones and ER stress sensors was induced by immobilization stress in the rat organs (adrenal gland, liver, lung, muscle). However, no statistically significant regulation was detected in the others (heart, spleen, thymus, kidney, testis). The results are the first to show that immobilization stress induces UPR associated gene expression, will help to explain immobilization stress-associated ER stress.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Decrease in Population and graying of rural area by industrialization and urbanization are gone continuously. This makes happened various rural problems and the differential of standard of living with is arising day by day. Government is unfolding rural supporting project to solve continuously these problems. Recent Projects which are choosing not top-down process by government leading but bottom-up process through village inhabitants' participation and expert consultant get positive estimation. But those have difficulties because the support is attained only in the beginning step not continuously and inhabitants' number by graying is decreasing. The Special Economic Zone for Regional Development Policy is new access that regulation can differ according to special quality of each area depending on Localization Age. Through this transfer the competence that can mitigate or reinforce various regulations according to special quality of area in local government. So, back and maintain activation systematically so that each area could be developed specially. The purpose of The Special Economic Zone for Regional Development Policy is the activation of regional economy through development that regional specific character is. And there is characteristic that local government plans and takes the lead in all project contents, government gives regulation benefit by appointing the special economic zone and do not support finance and various tax remissions. Through investigation of such new policy, I wish to recognize what long-term plan and method could be possible to success rural activation continuously.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.792-795
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a method of vehicle license plate recognition on PDA for illegal parking car regulation. we classified three kinds of vehicle license plates being used down to date since the introduction of each vehicle license Plate using features of each one. And we recognized vehicle license plates segmentation the AreaName, the AreaCode, the TypeCharacter and the Numbers. A 88.7% recognition accuracy was obtained through the experiment of the proposed vehicle license plate recognition system using the obtained images of PDA.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-62
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• 2009

Glenditsia spina (GS) can resolve carbuncle, relive swelling, dispel wind and destroy parasites. For these reasons, GS has been widely used as dermatologic agent clinically. In this study, the specific pathways of anti-proliferative effect of GS on human derived melanoma cells were identified. The molecular profile was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down-regulated genes in SK-MEL-2 cell line. Pathway analysis was done by listing percentage of pathway involvement, and the represented pathways were obtained from KEGG. The transcription factor binding sequences were obtained by Transfac database. By the promoter analysis, up-regulated genes by GS were mainly associated with MAPK, Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Wnt, Focal adhesion and Long term potentiation pathway. Down-regulated genes by GS were mainly associated with MAPK and Antigen processing and presentation pathway. And some of the transcription factors like Sp1 and NF-Y in up-regulated genes and Oct-1 in down-regulated genes by GS also identified.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2711-2715
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• 2012

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, has been suspected to pose carcinogenic risks. However, likely mechanisms are obscure and there are difficulties to estimating its real significance for cancer development. Methods: We therefore studied BPA-induced proteomic alterations in immune organs of ICR mice offspring that were prenatally exposed to BPA (15 and 300 mg/L of drinking water). We performed 2D-gel analyses of samples, considering differences in spleen, exposure levels, sex, and ages. Results: From proteomic analyses, we found various proteins were up- or down-regulated by BPA. Among them, SET, a putative oncogene and inhibitor of phosphatase 2A, was significantly down-regulated in a BPA dose-dependent manner. We also confirmed down-regulation of SET in western blot and real time PCR analyses. From gene network analysis, SET is predicted to communicate with other genes including CYP17, which is involved in biosynthesis and metabolism of sex-hormones. Conclusions: This study provided evidence that SET can be applied as a new biomarker for prenatal BPA exposure and suggests a potential new mechanism of action in that BPA may disrupt CYP17 via SET.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2009

Over-expression of phospholipase D (PLD) 1 or PLD2 down-regulated CKII activity in NIH3T3 cells. The same results were found with catalytically inactive mutants of PLD isozymes, indicating that the catalytic activity of PLD is not required for PLD-mediated CKII inhibition. Consistent with this, 1-butanol did not alter CKII activity. The reduction in CKII activity in PLD-over-expressing NIH3T3 cells was due to reduced protein level, but not mRNA level, of the $CKII{\beta}$ subunit. This PLD-induced $CKII{\beta}$ degradation was mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome machinery, but MAP kinase and mTOR were not involved in $CKII{\beta}$ degradation. PLD isozymes interacted with the $CKII{\beta}$ subunit. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that PLD and $CKII{\beta}$ colocalize in the cytoplasm of NIH3T3 cells, especially in the perinuclear region. PLD binding to $CKII{\beta}$ inhibited $CKII{\beta}$ autophosphorylation, which is known to be important for $CKII{\beta}$ stability. In summary, the current data indicate that PLD isozymes can down-regulate CKII activity through the acceleration of $CKII{\beta}$ degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome machinery.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.671-685
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• 2020

The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. Genome sequence comparisons across species using bioinformatics revealed three members of the RCAN gene family, RCAN1, RCAN2, and RCAN3, present in most jawed vertebrates, with one member observed in most invertebrates and fungi. RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. Expression levels of RCAN homologs are responsive to external stressors such as reactive oxygen species, Ca²⁺, amyloid β, and hormonal changes and upregulated in pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, and degenerative neuropathy. RCAN binding to calcineurin, a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, inhibits calcineurin activity, thereby regulating different physiological events via dephosphorylation of important substrates. Novel functions of RCANs have recently emerged, indicating involvement in mitochondria homeostasis, RNA binding, circadian rhythms, obesity, and thermogenesis, some of which are calcineurin-independent. These developments suggest that besides significant contributions to DS pathologies and calcineurin regulation, RCAN is an important participant across physiological systems, suggesting it as a favorable therapeutic target.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2009

We report here a first evaluation of chilling-responsive gene regulation in the sweetpotato. The growth of sweetpotato plants was severely retarded at $12^{\circ}C$; the lengths of the leaf, petiole, and root were markedly reduced and microscopic observation revealed that the elongation growth of the epidermal cells in each of these organs was significantly reduced. We examined the transcriptional regulation of three sweetpotato expansin genes (IbEXP1, IbEXP2 and IbEXPL1) in response to various chilling temperatures (12, 16, 22, and $28^{\circ}C$). In the leaf and petiole, the highest transcript levels were those of IbEXP1 at $28^{\circ}C$, whereas IbEXPL1 transcript levels were highest in the root. IbEXP1 mRNA levels in the $12^{\circ}C-treated$ petiole showed a fluctuating pattern (transient decrease-recovery-stable decrease) for 48 h. In the leaf and petiole, IbEXP1 and IbEXPL1 exhibited a similar response to chilling in that their mRNA levels decreased at $22^{\circ}C$, increased at $16^{\circ}C$, and decreased dramatically at $12^{\circ}C$. In contrast, mRNA levels of IbEXP2 in the leaf fell gradually as the temperature fell from 28 to $12^{\circ}C$, while they remained unaltered in the petiole. In the root, mRNA levels of IbEXPL1 and IbEXP1 reached maximum levels at $16^{\circ}C$, and decreased significantly at $12^{\circ}C$. These data demonstrated that expression of these three expansin genes was ultimately down-regulated at $12^{\circ}C$; however, transcriptional regulation of each expansin gene exhibited its own distinctive pattern in response to various chilling temperatures.