• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.325-336
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• 2005

The life form, the origin and the time of introduction of those naturalized plants grown in Jeju-Do, korea were grasped by conducting the documentary survey, and the field survey thereof. The naturalized plants were total 199 taxa including 185 species, 12 varieties and 2 cultivar, which belong to 115 genera, 32 families. The classification of families, there were 43 taxa of Compositae ($21.6\%$), 32 taxa of Gramineae ($16.8\%$), 17 taxa of Legumlinosae ($8.5\%$), and 13 taxa of Cruciferae ($6.5\%$). As the life forms of the naturalized plants in Jeju Island were there 91 taxa of annual plants, 31 taxa of biennial plants, 16 taxa of annual or biennial plants, 57 taxa of perennial plants, and 4 taxa of trees. The distribution of the naturalized plants, the were 29 taxa thereof were located in Jeju Island, 20 taxa in Jeju Island as well as in the southern part of Korean Peninsula, 33 taxa in Jeju Island as well as in the central part of Korean Peninsula, and 117 taxa in the entire area of South Korea. As 89 taxa thereof were originated from America, 69 taxa from Europe, 2 taxa from Africa, 22 taxa from Asia, 1 taxa from Oceania, and 16 taxa from other provinces. As 38 taxa thereof had been introduced into Jeju Island before 1921, 23 taxa from 1922 to 1963, and 138 taxa since 1964.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.17-25
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• 2008

Objectives : The authors performed this study to further understand Saam acupuncture treatment in an aspect of the use of two patterns i.e. fixed- and transformed-pattern. Methods : The authors did documentary survey based on Do Hae Kyo Kam Sa Am Do In Chim Beop. 1. We investigated the frequency of the use of fixed- and transformed-pattern as well as the examples of use. 2. We surveyed related literatures and classified transformed-pattern. We did study on the principles of prescriptions of fixed- and transformed-pattern and researched the utilization. Results and Conclusions : 1. Fixed-pattern occupys 35.3% and transformed-pattern takes much more part. 2. Fixed-pattern is based on Nangyoung 69nan, and has the prescription of two enhancement and two inhibition by adaptation of Sangsaengsanggeuk(相生相剋) into self meridian and other meridian, and suggests the importance of the order of needling. 3. There are main points and assistant points in tonifying and suppressing of Fixed-pattern, accordingly, it has a system like Gunshinjwasa(君臣佐使). 4. Transformed-pattern is classified into following 3 types: first, the use of Nangyoung 75nan; second, the substitution of Junghuyl(井穴) with Hyunghyul(滎穴) or Haphyul(合穴) according to Nangyoung 73nan; third, the substitution of the same Osuhyul(五輸穴) in other meridians.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.281-306
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• 1996

A study on the effect of the Sun-Moon-Stars(日月星辰) in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") on the formation of the Yunqi theory(運氣理論) have revealed following conclusions. 1. There was a record of Stars(星辰) written by Gabgol-Character(甲骨文字) in the Yin(殷) Dynasty. But the very first documentary records of Stars(星辰) is Shu Jing("書經"). Ancient astronomy had the tendency of astrology of combined with theory of the Five Elements(五行) and finally effects the theory of formation of Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經"). 2. Shu Jing("書經") said that Junrak(錢樂) made an Armillary sphere(運天儀) in the Sung(宋) Dynasty. And in the Jin(秦) and the Han(漢) Dynasty, they already observed the stars. The Sunkiokhyung(璿機玉衡) which is machinery of star-observing, became to be called an Armillary sphere (運天儀) by the pass of times. 3. As of the theory of the Cosmos-structure(宇宙-構造論) in Ohanunhangdaeron("五運行大論"), Guiyugu(鬼兒區) announced the Hypothesis of Covering Heaven(蓋天說) but Kibak(岐伯) supported the Hypothesis of chaosheven's(蓋天說) and in the theory of atmosphere(大氣論) in Ohanunhangdaeron("五運行大論") said that the earth was in Great Empty(太虛) and it was floating in the universe by the Great Chi(大氣). 4. The knowledge about the Five stars(五星) in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") is presented in the section of Gemgwejineonron("金?眞言論"), Gigoupyondaeron("氣交變大論"), Youkwonjeonggidaeron("六元正紀大論").ln the method of identifying the Five stars(五星) presented the criteria of the brightness, the altitude, the colours and the orbit etc. 5. The jupiter which has twelve year's revolution cycle was the basis of determination on the Twelve constellation(12辰), the Twelve field of heaven(12次), the Twelve Houses in the ecliptic(黃道 12宮), the Twelve Earth's Branches(12支) and the Twelve fields of Earth(12分野) and also it became the origin of the duodecimals(12進法). 6. The saturn having about twenty-eight year's revolution cycle became the criterion in identifying the Twenty Eight Constellations(28宿) which was used as the coordinates of the Celestial sphere (天球). 7. By the Percussional movement(歲差運動), the position of polaris and the Vernal-Antumal equinox(春秋分点) were shifted. Therefore the ancient the Heaven Gate-Earth Door(天門-地戶) changed from the position of Sil-Byuk(室壁), Yik-Jin(翼軫). And the precisional movements brought about the concept of the WunHoyYunSe(元會運世) that is a method of dividing a period. Also the precisional movement gave three dimension(三次元) foundation interpreted the Sixty JiaZi (六十甲子) which is revolving through sixty years uniformally. 8. The Hypothesis of the Nine Houses and Eight Winds(九宮八風論) which is one field of the astrology of ancient polaris-nine Houses divination plate(太一九宮占盤) brought about the concept of deficiency and excess and the concept of the Wind Vice(風邪). In the Calendar System(曆法) presented in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") the tropical year of the Sun-Moon-Stars(日月星辰) and the revolution and the rotation of the earth give explanations the changes of Yin-Yang(陰陽) by the use of the ten Celestial branches(十干) and the twelve Earth branches(十二支).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 1998

The eldest son of the crown prince is very important social status next to the crown prince deciding fundamentals of a state in Chosun dynasty which laying stress royal authority. Accordingly, Chakbong(冊封) of the eldest son of the crown prince has been done independently like as Chakrei(冊禮) of the crown prince. The existig record of Chakrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince. The existing record of Charkrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince are Hyunjongwangseon(顯宗王世孫), Euisoseson(懿昭世孫), Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Hungjongwangseson(憲宗王世孫) of 4 books for Chakreidogameuigue(冊禮都監儀軌) being preserved in Kyujangkak(奎章閣). The transition of classified clothes are stated on Wangse sonchakreidogameuiguebanchado(王世孫冊禮都監儀軌班次圖) for Chakrei(冊禮) of the eldest son of the crown prince. Its details are as below. Finally, there is no changes in constitution of the costume of the eldest son of the crown prince Chakrei(冊禮) called as Ssanggodong(雙童髮)·Gongjungchak(空頂 )·Ojangbok(五章服) on documentary records depsitefo no explanation of Banchado(班次圖). Secondly, The classified clothes of the eldes sion of the crown prince Hcakreibanchado(冊禮班次圖) are on . We have acknowledged that Kwanmo(冠帽) of Dangbukwanwon(堂部官院) has been changed from Heugrib(黑笠) to Samo(紗帽) since Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Euibok(衣服) from Chungpo(靑袍) to Nokdanryung(綠團領), the costume of Euijangsu(儀仗手) from Chunggun(靑巾) to Whangchorib(黃草笠) and changed again to Hongpimoja(紅皮帽子), Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). Also we know that Kwanmo(冠帽) of Kyogun(轎軍) has been changed to Pimoja(皮帽子) with high top, Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). The costume of Byulgam(別監) has been changed from Nokgun(綠巾) to Jogun( 巾), Nokpo(綠袍) changed to Pimoja(皮帽子) with high top, Chungeui(靑衣) changed to Hongeui(紅衣). The costume of Byulgam(別監) has been changed from Nokgun(綠巾) to Jogun( 巾), Nokpo(綠袍) changed to Hongpo(紅袍), that of Suri(書吏) changed from Chungeui(靑衣) to Huekeui(黑衣). Accordingly, the transition of costume color to red stands for the briliance. Thirdly, regarding the constitution of the eldest son of the crown prince Chakrei(冊禮), that of Euisoseson(懿昭世孫) & Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫) are same for Unggolta(態骨朶), Youngjagi(令字旗), Keumdungja(金 子), Eundungja(銀 子), Mojul( 節), Jaksun(雀扇), Chungkae(靑蓋), Chungyangsol(靑陽率). In case of Hunjongseson(懿昭世孫), Baktakgi(白澤旗) is added. On Youngjowangseson(英祖王世孫), Chungilsol(靑日率) and Kiringi(麒麟旗) are added. However, we know that the constitution of the eldestson of the crown prince Hunjong(憲宗) Chakrei(冊禮) is quite different that of previous constitution. i.e. : Hongae(紅蓋), Baktakgi(白澤旗), Samkaggi(三角旗), Kagdangi(角端旗), Byukbonggi(碧鳳旗), Jujakgi(朱雀旗), Kuemdungja(金 子), Eundungja(銀 子), Eunribgwa(銀立瓜), Kuemhwanggwa(金 瓜), Eunhwhanggwa(銀 瓜), Kuemwolbu(金鉞斧), Bongsun(鳳扇), Huegkae(黑蓋). Also the kinds of Eujanggi(儀仗旗) are various which are similar to the constitution of The Crown Prince(世子) Chakrei(冊禮).

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.319-328
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• 2004

The communication environment made by digital technologies has made it possible to exchange information and deliver messages fast and easily among people of various classes in virtual space beyond time and space. Net-generation, who is accustomed to this virtual space, couldn't be satisfied with the linear text-oriented language any more, and began to make signs by use of computers in order to differentiate itself from others and to express its desires. Among the signs, emoticon created by joint of popular culture and digital communication centering around young generation is a new visual sign and emotional sign that can deliver a sender's feelings contained in a message. This paper has studied social phenomena, their relationships with emoticon and background of its creation through documentary review of media development, changes in the communication environment and popular culture. Furthermore, it has analyzed the meaningful action and roles of emoticon as a sign in terms of semiotics and also, studied a possibility of using emoticon as a new emotional sign. The study results say that emoticon can play the roles of a non-linguistic sign just like general signs that make mutual exchange through meaningful action, and also that it can be used to effectively deliver messages not only in virtual space, but also in advertising, posters, magazines and CI. However, emoticon is better at emotional expressions yet than other textual signs or visual signs, but in order to position itself as a universal and popular sign, emotional expressions should be clear, any difference in understanding messages should be removed, and message delivery should be more efficient.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.157-182
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• 2015

Mr. Folman, an Israeli director, used a highly stylized form of animation in a decidedly adult way to make his documentary about the 1982 war in Lebanon, "Waltz With Bashir," in 2008. After 5 years, he has used another distinctive approach, fusing animation with live action in his latest film, a trippy and surreal undertaking called "The Congress." He dismantled the means through parodies, the core of post-modernism art and built a new meaning to create a unique world view and unique aesthetics. In this study, parodies of the modern concept of post-modernism being used as a major strategy in the creation of art have appeared the four characteristics of post-modern parody: 1) intertextuality, 2) dissolution and fusion of genres, and 3) strengthening of irony, and 4) pastiche. This study is characteristic of post-modern parody that discusses the relevance of contemporary parody and postmodernism being developed by analyzing how they appear on the practical work. Furthermore, through analysis of "The Congress", this study discusses the post-modernist world view and the creative way of creating an experimental art with parody.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.22-30
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• 2004

It is an attempt to suggest the standard valuation method of the environmental illumination for the bridges across the Han-river from an aesthetic point of view, deviating from the technical and traditional viewpoint. In Korea the current evaluation criterion to verify the value of bridge design has a partiality for the technical and structural safety rather than the sentient beauty on the whole. However, the recently cultural reform of Korean mass society with the elevation of the standard of living forces the engineering designers for bridges to focus not only on competing physical structures but also on enhancing the formative beauty including the illumination effects for night view. Additionally, the new policy, which transforms the environments around the Han-river into the major tourist attractions has been executing strongly by the city authorities to revitalize the symbolic, historic, and cultural identity of the capital city with the introduction of the high-quality environmental illumination for the bridges. As a result, It becomes necessary to establish the manual and standardization of the environmental illumination planning for the city in terms of the formative beauty, and this study is to suggest the valuation model method of the environmental illumination for the bridges as the initial step of the standardization. In the study, the valuation items of the standard questionnaire are selected by the documentary records and the consultation of various experts in architecture, design, fine art, urban planning and even administration to verify the essential elements of the aesthetic beauty with the local amenity and the environmental harmony for the chosen bridges across the Han-river.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.31-58
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• 2018

In this study, we empirically investigated the antecedents of crowdfunding success in the arts and cultural field using the case of Tumblbug in Korea. We collected data on 494 projects listed on Tumblebug in the arts and culture category that includes feature film, documentary, short film, animation, and Web series, as of June 2018. We analyzed the factors associated with the final amount raised via crowdfunding on Tumblbug using the hierarchical regression method. We find that the social capital accumulated by a focal entrepreneur (i.e., the proposer/designer of a focal project) through prior participation in other related projects and social communication activities carried out during the funding period, respectively, have positive effects on the final amount raised. More interestingly, we also find that the intensity of social communication plays a central role in the funding success of arts and culture-related projects by supplementing the lack of the entrepreneur's social capital and the reward features including a given project.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

In this study, we analyzed the process of pre-service science teachers' designing and implementation of lessons in teaching practice from the perspective of CHAT. Five pre-service teachers attending the Department of Chemistry Education at the College of Education in Seoul participated in this study. We observed their teaching practice, collected documentary data, and conducted in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method based on grounded theory. The analyses of the results reveal that, due to the lack of authority to make decisions for lesson design, pre-service teachers faced difficulties and had direct conflict with teachers. In addition, it was difficult for them to obtain sufficient contextual information for lesson design even through subject orientation and classroom observation, which made it difficult for them to design lessons. When consecutive lessons were taken by several pre-service teachers, there were many problems such as poor continuity of lessons. Given limited authority to assess students, they conducted additional assessments. They showed a lack of professionalism when conducting assessments. The cause of this could be found in the curriculum of the College of Education. Some ways to provide better teaching practice based on the results are discussed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.469-480
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to enhance the cultural heritage value of the Juk-Bang-Ryeum (Bamboo Weir) and prove the originality through the review of historical literature. The main industry of Korean was agriculture and fishery from ancient. In the ancient, fishery instruments are not enough due to the lack of fishing technology. The Juk-Bang-Ryeum was considered as important national resources and asset. It give us many implications about the wisdom of our ancestors because of it's scientific principle of the structure. It is surely a cultural heritage to preserve in the future because it is considered as important community asset as well as more natural and environment oriented fishing method. In the literature, the origin of 'Juk-Bang-Ryeum' can be found as 'Eo-Ryang' or 'Bang-Ryeum'. The records on this terminology go back to the Corea Dynasty, but their documentary records are rare, and most of them are records of the Chosun Dynasty. In this study, we surveyed mainly the literature records about the southern coast region in the period of Chosun Dynasty. This study contributes for preserving the cultural assets of our ancestors who pursued eco-friendly fishery method, and it is also of great significance to produce objective data based on records for the registration of the World Record Heritage.