• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2012

Science and technology parks have been popular among policy-makers at several spatial levels to promote innovation and economic growth of certain localities. However, this mainly property-led policy tool has been criticised for two reasons. First, it often failed to successfully support regional networking and technology transfer to regional firms. Only unplanned science and technology parks, such as Silicon Valley, seem to have been successfully fostering regional networking and technology transfer which has led, in turn, to the development of competitive innovative clusters. Secondly, it has too often bet on the same horses and become too specialised in the same fields, such as in micro-electronics or in biotechnology. This specialisation has been theoretically supported by the cluster concept. It has led to both a zero sum game of competition between locations as well as potentially negative path dependence and lock-ins. This paper suggests increasingly supporting diversification in science and technology parks by bringing together hitherto unconnected technologies. Several recently discussed concepts could be used to support diversification, such as related variety (Frenken et al. 2007), regional branching (Boschma and Frenken 2011), regional innovation platforms (Harmaakorpi et al. 2011) and transversality (Cooke 2011).

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2022

The concepts of phylogeny and floral genetics play a crucial role in understanding the origin and diversification of flowers in angiosperms. Angiosperms evolved a great diversity of ways to display their flowers for reproductive success with variations in floral color, size, shape, scent, arrangements, and flowering time. The various innovations in floral forms and the aggregation of flowers into different kinds of inflorescences have driven new ecological adaptations, speciation, and angiosperm diversification. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to uncover the developmental and genetic basis underlying morphological diversification. Advances in the developmental genetics of floral display have provided a foundation for insights into the genetic basis of floral and inflorescence evolution. A number of regulatory genes controlling floral and inflorescence development have been identified in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus using forward genetics, and conserved functions of many of these genes across diverse non-model species have been revealed by reverse genetics. Transcription factors are vital elements in systems that play crucial roles in linked gene expression in the evolution and development of flowers. Therefore, we review the sex-linked genes, mostly transcription factors, associated with the complex and dynamic event of floral development and briefly discuss the sex-linked genes that have been characterized through next-generation sequencing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.68-81
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• 2005

The styles of contemporary landscape design have diversified since the emergence of Postmodernism in landscape architecture. The diversification was mostly influenced by contemporary fine arts and architecture. This study examines the pluralistic development of Postmodern landscape design through the investigation of the influences from those sister arts. In this point of view, the main approaches of Postmodern landscape design are thought to be classified into three categories;'the formal abstract approach', 'the figurative approach' and 'the new picturesque approach'. The first category of the formal abstract approach was formulated with the concepts and vocabulary of Minimal Art and Installation Art. Its representative icons such as 'point grids' and 'stripes', and the main concepts such as the sense of 'flahess', 'expansion' and 'materiality' are mostly thought to be originated from these art forms. The second category of the figurative approach is characterised by the concepts and vocabulary of Pop Art and New Image Paintings. Its representative icons such as 'map' or 'figurative forms' and main concepts like the sense of 'reality', 'context' and 'symbolism' are mostly thought to be originated from these art forms. The third category of the new picturesque approach was formulated with the concepts and vocabulary of Land Art and Late Deconstructive Architecture. Its representative icons such as 'hybrid', 'layer' and 'fold', and the main concepts such as the sense of 'complexity', 'continuity' and 'reversibility' are thought to be originated from these art forms. The research shows that the main stream of contemporary landscape design seems to be gradually moving toward the second and third approach above, in step with the cultural orientation and the dynamism of contemporary urban life. Therefore, the study focused especially on the new picturesque approach which would be in greater need for coping with the hybrid culture today.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2004

In the modern society, magazine is a information communicating media which is an important element in assessing the whole of a nation's cultural standard. More subdivided fields of magazines are expanding according to the diversified concepts. As the variety of Korean edition of foreign magazines are increasing, the type of Women's magazines are also diversifying and expanding. By finding out the problems and analyzing the visual side of domestic women's magazines among the intense competition of the magazines, the design improvement program was requested. The analysis result from the visual side of domestic women's magazines tells us that the problem of current domestic women's magazines is that their identities are not clear. The cause can be divided into three reasons: First, it is the lack of creativity and originality. There is a limitation in arousing the readers' interests by designing the magazines with similar layouts. Second, there are no distinct design concepts in the magazines. It seems as if the uniformity is lacked as the impression the magazine gives is not clear. The diversification of layouts and the use of design elements could actually bring about a counter result. Third, the excessive advertisement pages is another reason. The ads that covers over 35% of the whole of the magazine can act as a factor that drops the readers' trust in the magazine.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

This study proposes a thesis of architectural concepts and visual dimension systems, and the comparison between steps of spatial formation and dimensional alteration. The second chapter, to form the basis of this study, explains the dimensional alterations and changes of fundamental notion of space. In the third chapter, history of space, architectural formations, and changes of the viewpoint are analyzed as objects of study. The forth chapter presents the interrelation between dimensional alteration and the transition in fundamental notion of space, demonstrating that modern architecture has been born from these cultural movements. Lastly, the fifth chapter suggests possibilities on further studies and the following conclusions: First, architectural spaces have been changed, in accordance with the changes of culture, art and the tools that regulate architectural design. Proportional regulations by two-dimensional tools and depth through three-dimensional drawings are created. Second, architectural spaces gained depth by recognizing movement and time that have induced formations to change, creating various aesthetic backgrounds and attempts. Third, the aesthetic background and cosmologic spatial concept have led the visualization and changes of architectural experience. It created the design tools and shapes originated in dynamism and vitality. Forth, diversification of fundamental spatial concepts has become palimpsest and complex, and been divided into four dimensions; expressional two-dimensional space, perspective three-dimensional space, forth-dimensional space of time and experience, and imagery space formed by body movement. Fifth, architecture has been influenced by the elevated viewpoint that understands the whole world as a space. It has evolved from the two-dimensional proportion principle, change of depth and vanishing point to multidimensional space of movement and time. Sixth, changes of fundamental notion of space have arisen from changes of visual dimensions in times. In other words, space has been developed from two-dimensional space to multidimensional space by accepting visual dimension, grasping distance, direction, depth, height, velocity, movement, gravity, power and structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.135-138
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• 1996

In solving the Travel Salesman Problem(TSP), we easily reach local optimal solutions with the existing methods such as TWO-OPT, THREE-OPT, and Lin-Kernighen. Tabu search, as a meta heuristic, is a good mechanism to get an optimal or a near optimal solution escaping from the local optimal. By utilizing AI concepts, tabu search continues to search for improved solutions. In this study, we focus on developing a new neighborhood structure that maintains the feasibility of the tours created by exchange operations in TSP. Intelligent methods are discussed, which keeps feasible tour routes even after exchanging several edges continuously. An extended tabu search model, performing cycle detection and diversification with memory structure, is applied to TSP. The model uses effectively the information gathered during the search process. Finally, the results of tabu search and simulated annealing are compared based on the TSP problems in the prior literatures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 2010

The fins of a missile which is folded within a canister are deployed according to a command during the missile flight. The aerodynamic load generated by operating environments such as missile flight speed, platform movement speed and wind acts as an anti-deploying force and prevents the fins from deploying. As the diversification of platforms and the higher speed of missiles need a larger deploying force but the space for operating the fin deploying device is getting narrower, the new design concepts are required for developing such a device. In this study, a pneumatic device for deploying missile fins is designed and its characteristics are verified through experiments and analyses.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 2021

Algal genomics approaches provide a massive number of genome/transcriptome sequences and reveal the evolutionary history vis-à-vis primary and serial endosymbiosis events that contributed to the biodiversity of photosynthetic eukaryotes in the eukaryote tree of life. In particular, phylogenomic methods using several hundred or thousands of genes have provided new insights into algal taxonomy and systematics. Using this method, many novel insights into algal species diversity and systematics occurred, leading to taxonomic revisions. In addition, horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) of functional genes have been identified in algal genomes that played essential roles in environmental adaptation and genomic diversification. Finally, algal genomics data can be used to address the pangenome, including core genes shared among all isolates and partially shared strain-specific genes. However, some aspects of the pangenome concept (genome variability of intraspecies level) conflict with population genomics concepts, and the issue is closely related to defining species boundaries using genome variability. This review suggests a desirable future direction to merge algal pangenomics and population genomics beyond traditional molecular phylogeny and taxonomy.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-162
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• 2015

Purpose This study reviews technology acceptance research in the information system area and consumer behavior research in the marketing area, sets characteristics of convergence products, personality of consumers and communication channels as main concepts and demonstrates their effects on 'relative level of attraction' and 'intent to adoption. Design/methodology/approach The survey was conducted against potential consumers who have the intent to purchase electric communication media products that provides a variety of functions and service, such as a smart TV, a tablet PC and a smart watch. All items were adapted from previous literature and revised as appropriate the purpose of this study and measured on a 7-point Likert scale with answer choices ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to (7) "strongly agree." Totally, 300 respondents participated in the survey. Out of the 276 respondents, incomplete or invalid 24 were discarded. With them, SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0 for structural equation modeling were used for the analysis. Findings Main findings are as followed;- First, it is found that 'interrelationship of technology' and 'functional diversification' of convergence products has positive effects on relative level of attraction. Second, perceived behavior control has significant effects on the intent to adoption convergence products. Third, communication through mass media has positive effects on making potential consumers feel attraction about products while there is no relationship with the intent to a. On the other hands, it is demonstrated that there is no relationship influential relationship between communication through interpersonal channels and relative level of attraction while communication through interpersonal channels has significant effects on the intent to adoption.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2005

This study assessed the development of Japanese food distribution system in response to changes in the needs of consumer population the current food concepts can be divided into "processed" and "perishable" foods we expended the current concept introducing "processed perishable foods" and "perishable processed foods", and how this modified term contributed to more effective food distribution system in Japan. We further assessed the effects of changes in the needs and perception in Japanese consumer population on food distribution system, which included PB goods development as well as diversification of chain system. Our study in the development of Japanese consumer population and food distribution system can be compared to that of Korea, providing a direction for systematic and effective food distribution system.