• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.395-408
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• 2015

In present article, we determine the distinguishing number of the merged Johnson graphs which are generalization of both the Kneser graphs and the Johnson graphs.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.869-879
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• 2023

Sparkle은 NIST에서 최근까지 진행한 경량 암호 표준화 프로세스의 최종 후보 알고리즘 중 하나로서, 비선형 퍼뮤테이션이며, 인증 암호화 알고리즘 Schwaemm 및 해시함수 Esch의 핵심 구성 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 Sparkle의 두 버전 Sparkle384의 6 라운드와 Sparkle512의 7 라운드에 대해 특정한 형태의 입력 차분과 출력 차분을 제시하고, 그것을 만족시키는 입력쌍을 찾는 복잡도에 관한 공식을 제시한다. 또한, 같은 입출력 크기를 갖는 랜덤 퍼뮤테이션에 대한 동일 작업 보다 복잡도가 훨씬 낮을 가능성이 매우 크다는 것을 보인다. 그러므로, 이것들은 유효한 구별 공격이 된다. 공격되는 라운드 수(6과 7)는 실제 사용되는 라운드 수의 최소값(7과 8)과 매우 가깝다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제28권
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• pp.23-70
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• 1995

This study is to survey the present book numbers used in Korean libraries. to analyze their problems. and to suggest improvement in the book numbers. As the results of the survey several suggestions are derived as follows. 1. The education to the librarians about the kinds and the application methods of the book numbers used in Korean libraries should be sufficiently offered. 2. The present book numbers used should be expanded in detail for avoiding the duplication of the call numbers. Also when book numbers are assigned. shelf list cards should be examined one by one not to give the same number. If the book numbers are overlapped in the state not to expand further. libraries should establish a detailed expansion rules according to their respective situation and maintain it consistently. However, it is impossible for libraries operating open stack systems to arrange books on the shelves in call number sequence, therefore libraries can solve the problems as they accept duplication cases. 3. Since the object word of main mark IS a heading In main entry, we must apply cataloging rules to it closely. 4. For expanding book numbers widely it is desirable that the subsidiary mark of the book numbers which is the most prevalent in general and will be the most preferable In the future through the survey should be added and be provided. 5. The book numbers used being changed, we are to assign new book number leaving former materials as they are at the point of adopting a new book number. So aged materials are stored in a repository or on a compact shelf in the stack, will be discarded or weeded according to subjects after a certain period of time. 6. With library automation bringing together all the books of an author in a particular subject or in a particular form and avoiding completely duplication in open stack systems are meaningless. Rather than chronological book numbers, distinguishing clearly new materials from aged materials and controlling the stack spaces mechanically and effectively, can be regarded as the most modern and future-oriented of all the book numbers.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

Objective : To increase the safety of moxibustion by understanding moxibustion-prohibited points' distinguishing features through literary inquiry. Method : We searched for moxibustion-prohibited points in Traditional Oriental Medical literature. Results : 1. Upon the advancement of moxibustion technique, the numbers of moxibustion-prohibited points increased. 2. Both Foot Meridians and Hand Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. Both Yin Meridians and Yang Meridians have similar percentage of moxibustion-prohibited points. 3. The face has the highest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. The Back has the lowest moxibustion-prohibited points ratio. 4. We research 80 moxibustion-prohibited points and find 31 moxibustion-prohibitive reasons. A key reasons is that heating effect of moxibustion damages tissues, organs and meridian functions. There are also cases where the moxibustion-prohibited points can be designated upon the patients condition Conclusions : We could learn the distinguishing characteristics of moxibustion-prohibited points from this study. These results suggest that the treatment of moxibustion is more useful and safe.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.371-388
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• 2010

이 논문의 목적은 소수(素數, prime number) 개념을 처음 배우는 학생들이 소수와 그 관련 개념들을 어떻게 이해하고 있는지를 탐구하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 소수와 합성수 개념을 학습한 직후의 중학교 1학년 학생들에게 설문조사를 중심으로 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 주어진 자연수의 소수성을 판정하기 위한 소수의 기능적인 정의를 선호하며, 주어진 자연수의 약수를 찾는 것에만 주목하여 소수와 합성수를 곱셈적 관계로 이해하는데 어려움을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 학생들이 자연수의 곱셈적 기본 단위로서 소수 개념의 본질적인 중요성을 인식하고 산술의 기본 정리가 보장하는 자연수의 곱셈적 구조를 이해할 수 있도록 하는 교수학적 전략의 필요성을 제안한다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2017

Given a topological space X and a non-negative integer k, we study the self-homotopy equivalences of X that do not change maps from X to n-sphere $S^n$ homotopically by the composition for all $n{\geq}k$. We denote by ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ the set of all homotopy classes of such self-homotopy equivalences. This set is a dual concept of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$, which has been studied by several authors. We prove that if X is a finite CW complex, there are at most a finite number of distinguishing homotopy classes ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$, whereas ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ may not be finite. Moreover, we obtain concrete computations of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ to show that the cardinal of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ is finite when X is either a Moore space or co-Moore space by using the self-closeness numbers.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.329-332
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• 2002

A theoretical study is made of the steady flow of a compressible fluid in a rapidly rotating finite cylinder. Flow is generated by imposing mechanical and/or thermal disturbances at the rotating endwall disks. Both the Ekman and Rossby numbers are small. A detailed consideration is given to the energy budget for a control volume in the Ekman boundary layer. A combination of physical variables, which is termed the energy contents, consisting of temperature and modified angular momentum, emerges to be relevant. The distinguishing features of a compressible fluid, in contrast to those of an incompressible fluid, are noted. For the Taylor-Proudman column to be sustained, in the interior, it is shown that the net energy transport between the solid disk wall and the interior fluid should vanish. Physical rationalizations are facilitated by resorting to the concept of the afore-stated energy content.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2020

Zoning has long been criticized for its negative effects and has been taken for granted that zoning works as a hurdle to urban diversity. Responses in the US have emphasized more fine-grained zoning approaches that plan mixed use. This paper introduces and evaluates Seoul's zoning system as a possible alternative. While US zoning regulations have relied on distinguishing ever larger numbers of land use zoning categories, Seoul has opted to integrate new land uses into existing classifications, allowing for greater flexibility of use in each zone. Using municipal building records to evaluate land use in three mid-density residential districts, this paper demonstrates that Seoul's flexible zoning is capable of producing diverse mixed use neighborhoods. It then highlights the potential downside of this approach, showing that flexibility allows for the commercialization and sectoral gentrification of residential districts. It concludes by suggesting that a combination of flexible zones and more fine-grained plans would capture the advantages of both US and Korean planning.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2021

Various biometric and geometric measures were used to discriminate between the morphologically similar river puffer, Takifugu obscurus, tiger puffer, T. rubripes, their hybrids, and their triploid hybrids. The hybrids and triploid hybrids had greater anal fin width, nostril width, and snout length than the parental species (p<0.05). However, they had less caudal peduncle depth, inter-orbital width, head length, and head width(p<0.05). The morphometric and meristic characteristics of the hybrids and triploid hybrids were either intermediate between the parental species or more similar to those of one parental species. However, the external morphology of the hybrids and triploid hybrids was predominantly maternal. The triploid hybrids had asymmetry in the fin rays and gill raker numbers. This study identified phenotypic characteristics by distinguishing the morphological variables of river puffer, tiger puffer, their hybrids, and their triploid hybrids.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12A호
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• pp.2019-2026
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 동적인 임계화 방법과 코호넨 알고리즘을 이용하여 차량 번호판을 인식하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 일반적으로 차량 영상에서 번호판 영역은 문자와 배경의 자기가 뚜렷하게 구별되고, 일정한 크기 비율을 가지면서 다른 영역보다 밀집 비율이 높게 나타난다. 본 논문은 이런 차량 영상의 속성을 이용하여 차량 영상에 대해 동적인 임계화를 수행하였고 밀집 비율을 계산하여 번호판 영역을 추출하였다. 추출된 번호판에서 문자와 숫자를 포함하는 특징 영역을 추출하기 위해 코호겐 알고리즘을 적용한 윤곽선 추적 방법을 이용하였다. 번호판의 문자와 숫자들은 코호넨 알고리즘을 이용하여 인식하였다. 코호넨 알고리즘은 윤곽선에서 생성되는 잡음을 최대한으로 줄여주는 특성을 가진다. 다양한 환경에서 촬영된 80장의 영상에 대하여 인식 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안된 방법이 차량 번호판의 인식에 우수한 성능을 보였다.