• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.375-406
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• 2024

This study aims to define the meaning of 'Sangsaeng (mutual beneficence)' within the context of 'Sangsaeng ecological theory,' a form of discourse of that has emerged from Daesoon Jinrihoe's perspective on ecology. Sangsaeng ecological theory applies the concept of interdependence to ecology in order to explain how Sangsaeng, which is commonly used as an ethical system for humans, can be applied to the realm of ecology such that it extends its scope of application to include non-human beings. Interdependence, when applied to ecology, is formed via relationships between individuals. Such relationships can be positive, negative, or neutral, and the type of interdependence that emerges can be competitive, predatory, parasitc, and symbiotic. Even if the relationship between individuals ends negatively, it can still exert a positive effect on the ecosystem. Consequently, all of these produce a type of 'dependence'. However, relationships that end negatively can generate grievances, and from the perspective of Sangsaeng ethics, this type of interdependence is to be avoided. Therefore, by way of contrast, ecological Sangsaeng may include both relationships of positive interdependence and relationships of predation, parasitism, and competition in so far as there no grievances. Ecological theory requires a perspective that enables an understand of the relationship between nature and humans in an integrated way that does not separate them. One view of universe, known as Cheonji-saengin-yongin (Heaven and Earth give produce humans make use of them) provides insights into the relationship between the universe and humans and nature and humans from an interdependent perspective. Heaven and Earth take humans as the basis of their existence, and only after humans discover the law of nature and the sacredness behind it can a deep interdependence between Heaven and Earth and humans and nature and humans be established. However, as modern humans emerge, the interdependence between Heaven and Earth and humans collapses as they destroy nature and lower the authority of Shindo (divine order). Haewon Sangsaeng (the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence) and Boeun Sangsaeng (the reciprocation of favors for mutual beneficence) is the solution to reestablish the interdependence that has been disconnected between Heaven and Earth and humans and nature and humans. The practice of Haewon Sangsaeng through Gongbu rituals is the way to restore interdependence between nature and humans. The process of humans achieving Dotong (mastery of the Dao) through religious practices is the practice of Boeun Sangsaeng, and humans will be reborn into Injon (Human Nobility or 'divine humans') with ecological nature and enjoy an eternal interdependent relationship with nature. In summary, Sangsaeng in the context of Sangsaeng ecological theory is the idea and practice of allowing nature and humans to restore their interdependence and live on eternally.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.135-159
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• 2018

This thesis compares and analyzes the dynamics between policy, knowledge and power of Myanmar's higher education development. The papers begins by exploring the dynamics during the Socialist Military Regime(1962~1988), the Collapse of Higher Education Era(1988~2010), Thein Sein's Reform Era(2010~2015) and the current Aung San Suu Kyi's Civilian Era(2015~Now). By highlighting recent dramatic policy changes, the article argues that the policy discourse on the subject of internationalization of higher education and the technocratization of education development policy by the current Civilian Government in its new policy discourse, that resulted in the active participation as well as the contributions of international donors has directly impacted on the policy dynamics around the Comprehensive Education Sector Review and the introduction of the National Education Strategic Plan 2016~2020. Further, by examining complex interaction between the current domestic education stakeholders and international donors in education sector in Myanmar, this thesis argues that the new analytical framework on the understanding of policy dynamics in developing countries goes beyond the national level. The paper argues that there needs to be broadening of the analytical framework towards the multidimensional analysis perspective that includes global, national as well as local level policy, knowledge and power dynamics in Myanmar's dynamically changing higher education sector.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.429-465
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• 2019

This paper analyzed the ways in which "others" were reproduced in Korean movies in the 1970s. In the midst of the social changes of the era, such as urbanization due to rapid industrial modernization, many people became laborers for industry in order to obtain the fruits of modernization.But the landscape of others, which was inevitably produced in the process of constructing such subjects, has been limited to analysis that is focused on gender and youth discourse. This article aims to extract the landscape of others in the 1970s by adopting a different perspective. The way in which the other is present can be divided into the following two categories. First, in 1970s film, the family community, in contrast with 1960s film, has disintegrated and cracked, due to the inability of others to enter or leave the community. The desperate perception that the family community can no longer function as a stable foundation or center of the constitution, and that it cannot have a sense of security and belonging,is revealed through the way the others are wandering in and out of the community. Second, 'Death' is an element of social life in the violence of the national ideology of the 1970s, and the everyday exceptional state. The way in which the 'other' is completely eliminated from the normal subjectivity requested by the state and is deported in film reflectshow everyday death or potential death is part of life of the 1970s. Normal life pursued through rapid urbanization and industrialization leads to the death of the other beings, but the way of existence of others is the desperate reality of the 1970s, when the boundaries of the state that provide stability and belonging are broken. As a result, the landscape of others in the 1970s reveals a violent reality that destroys the perfect middle class family discourse that industrial modernization was oriented around in the 1970s, and that produced masses of others who caused numerous deaths. In spite of regime censorship, Korean films were popularly revealing the violence of life brought in by the 1970s, following a detour of representation.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-28
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• 1994

In this thesis we attempt to analyze modern Korean poetic texts in the franmeworks of text limgisitics and cognitive pragmatics. Both frameworks describe and explai human verbal communicantion in terms of congnitive information-processing procedures.By utilizing analytical devices provided by seven standards of textuality we can analyze any type of text,especially in terms of the cognitive operations underlying the production and reception processes.It is clamed in cognitive pragmatic framework that human ostensive inforential communication is regulated by the Principle of Relevance.We claim that the relevance-based framework of pragmatics provides evidence and rationale for those cognitive operations identified in the text linguistic framework. poetic texts involve every kind of cognitive strategies and processing procedures underlying human verbal communication.So,if modern Korean poetic texts are satisfactorily analyzed by text linguistics and cognitive pragmatics,it means that both frameworks are very useful tools for analyzing texts and that all the other text types which are less complicated than poetic text will also be analyzed by these frameworks. Researchers of poetry,and poets,are sensitive to poetic effects.They feel more of poeticity while reading poetic texts than ordinary readers do.However,these researchers or poets sometimes give different interpretation of a single poetic text.The interpretation of poetry cannot be anything,because poets write poems with particular intertions and do not just throw them out so as to be interpreted at ramdom.This thesis suggersts that the poeticity felt by the reader can be described and accounted for in a scientific way.In other words,text linguistics and cognitive pragmatics enable the researchers of poetry to become objective in interpreting poetic texts. It will be clearly shown that we have to see poetic texts from a cognitive perspective,since they are by-products of cognitive processing performed by discourse participants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

The functions of urban park including health related benefit and climate adaptation and mitigation are expanding. However, in-depth research and discourse on the equitable distribution of expanded park function has been limited so far. Following research suggests Green Welfare concept to reflect distributive equity and multifunctionality in the process of urban park policy development and execution. This study developed park welfare indices to analyze disparities of neighborhood urban park(NUP) distribution viewed from green welfare by literature review. The findings analyzed through the Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis by SPSS 18.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, green welfare is defined as "to receive equitable benefits and participate in the delivery process of green services which are promoting health and securing safety from climate change risks for every citizen by life cycle regardless of socioeconomic status". Second, NUP per person in Seoul indicate meaningful differences by socioeconomic and environmental status of Seoul administrative districts. Park welfare indices correlated to NUP per person were shown population density(negative), percentage of individuals $aged{\geq}65$(positive), percentage of self-reliance of local finance(positive), flood and air pollution vulnerability by climate change(negative). Third, the cluster analysis identifies three significant clusters that indicate differences of park welfare level. Thus, it was found that NUP in Seoul from a green welfare perspective was provided disproportionately. Future urban park policy in Seoul was required equitable distribution of multifunctionality of park beyond quantitative expansion, and priority consideration should be given to park service consumer.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.203-229
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• 2012

This study tries to provide basic data that can be useful in suggesting the direction of kindergartens attached to elementary schools, by examining the issues in such kindergartens and the ways to develop them for the future. To do this, I surveyed seven participants, who are currently directors in the kindergartens attached to the elementary schools, by in-depth interviewing. As a result, I found the main issue involves the administrators' lack of expertise about the education of preschoolers. Thus, I suggest that there should be more opportunities to retrain the affiliated principals or directors to better understand the education of preschoolers or the related instructors. Second, I concluded that another critical issue involves the poor administrative and financial system in the current kindergartens attached to the elementary schools. To solve this, I suggest that the government and the local education offices should actively support them with a the solid administrative and financial system. Finally, considering the complaints that the current teachers in those kindergartens are being isolated from the greater society, I suggest that there should be specific solutions to construct the cooperative systems related to scholarships and consulting that help the teachers develop their expertise in educating preschoolers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Purpose - The characteristics of the modern management environment in Korea clearly involve the limitations of knowledge management, globalization, changes in industrial structures, polarization of the economy, consumption, and education, and the demand for creative management. To achieve a continuous competitive advantage for individuals as well as organizations, Wisdom Management can be said to be a paradigm for the current environment. The Research is an alternative to environmental management in the early study of the need to conceptualize the theoretical approach to wisdom management. In other words, it presents a new management paradigm for a business environment of uncertainty and unpredictability. Furthermore, it aims to propose Wisdom Management as an alternative in the modern management environment as well as a topic of discourse. Its purpose is to provide basic knowledge to people who study and practice in this field to strengthen the competitiveness of individuals and companies. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper first provides six characteristics of the current management environment at home and abroad. It then attempts to emphasize the necessity of wisdom based on such characteristics by classifying wisdom according to recent management study research. This allows the derivation of definitions of wisdom management, suggesting its components and properties. Results - The six characteristics of the modern business environment are: 1) limits of knowledge, 2) intensifying globalized competition, 3) changes in industry structure - IoT (Internet of all Things) trend, 4) serious polarization and social unrest diffusion, 5) personal and organizational competitiveness creativity requirements, and 6) domestic special national and social situations. Therefore, accordingly, wisdom can be defined and classified as: wisdom that offers potential integration beyond knowledge, practicing and maintaining knowledge wisdom as an efficient strategy for an organization wisdom as a decision-making process that addresses ambivalence wisdom as the pursuit of common goods based on ethics; and, wisdom as creativity that involves intuition and insight. This paper attempts to define Wisdom Management in accordance with these definitions of wisdom. Wisdom Management is a management system that is awareof the current environment given in the multidimensional perspective, achieves the efficiency of the organization and the goals of common good through an uncertain decision-making process, based on the organization of individual and organizational knowledge, and the internal experiences and resources. Wisdom Management components include human beings, virtue, knowledge, creativity, and ambivalent thinking. Its properties include intentionality, self-destructiveness, creative and ethical reflexivity, complexity, insight, unpredictability, ambivalence, and wholeness. Conclusions - Since all organizations face the limitations of their environment, crises, and opportunities, applying wisdom in management to develop as Wisdom Management can be an inevitable alternative to the uncertainties of the management environment faced by modern society. The conceptualization of Wisdom Management forms a valuable context to further advance knowledge management theory into practice. It is also a cornerstone of strategic management and can provide insight into its potential for success and implementation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The purpose of this thesis is to figure out the mechanism that how can be shown the aesthetic distances of novel in the film. At discussion of the view point, novel can be told by two factors which are 'who is teller' and 'who is watcher' but in the film, novel's narration is divided into visual point and auditive point. And I will consider the phenomenon on the part of this difference. Next, I will argue about difference between novel and film from the Park Jongwon's aesthetic distances which interpreted Lee Munyeol's work. This thesis is going to observe that how the film adapted three types of view point and how that related the subject of the original novel. For this thesis, I tried to track 'the distances' between figure and identity, and reader and author. Also I did approach that how can be accepted the problem of 'aesthetic distance according to identity' based on this novel in the film and novel's text by reader. This study make a proposal or analysis to the differences between novels and films in terms of narrative point of view. Although it is shown by dividing into each chapter in novel and on connectivity in film, this paper finds out that both film and novel are shown the subject of reader's difference of the view point about 'author and director's identity'.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.429-454
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• 2015

The starting point of this discussion resides in the 'eyes' of mirror in a sense of seeing the self reflected in a mirror. The meaning of mirror has been evolved over the centuries while strengthening its sense of identity by bringing up some questions for resemblance, reproduction, self-reflection and reality. A mirror has also extended its vision and provided with a range of images that the self can't have. In this regard, looking into a mirror has been a sustained focus of attention by creating another ostensible being of self-image. This shows the two sides of mirror, which reveals an ambiguous gap between substance and illusion. An excessive immersion in a reflected image in a mirror is intensified and expressed today. The eyes of mirror consisting of a complex dual structure show relations between a person who sees and a person who is seen, which draws a hazy line of demarcation between the subject and the object. This opens up the possibility of the world of chiasme, where you could face all the aspects being from the eyes of others. Furthermore, the meaning of the reflection in a mirror has formed a creative discourse as an enigmatic medium that creates a variety of 'eyes' in various forms of aesthetic expression like paintings and literature. I accordingly suggest that the 'eyes of mirror' is the ambiguous 'eyes of human being' reflected in two territories of the world. Therefore, I will present the historical development of the perspective on the mirror to take a concrete approach in which it opens up the reflective structure of resemblance through a series of examples projected onto the literary and artistic productions. This study will serve as ruminations on the fact that your life is being existent in 'chiasme' of mutual entanglement between the self and the world by investigating relations between a person who sees and a person who is seen, in other words, relations between the perceiving subject and the eyes of others reflected in a mirror.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1502-1523
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• 2012

Recently, there have been growing interest in teachers' professional development since teachers were regarded as a critical factor in the context of the reform efforts. Along with these efforts, educational researchers have continued to implement various programs to improve teachers' subject matter knowledge, beliefs, and their practices. Although considerable researches have been done regarding the efficiency of these programs, most of them have focused on individual teacher's change. However, a "teacher's mind is socially formed" (Edwards, 2001). This perspective indicates that teacher change is necessarily viewed in terms of social mediational process between individual and the social context. This study examines the interactions between teachers and researchers in order to explore the mediational processes and the aspects of collective understanding, which has emerged from the collaborative workshop. The data were collected from small group activities in a workshop and then analyzed using interactional sociolinguistic approach. Futhermore, activity system was employed to describe the social mediational process. The findings show that participating teachers constructed knowledge through conflict regarding collective understanding. This process of collective understanding was mediated by object, rules, and roles within each activity system. Findings from the study suggest that the sociocultural perspectives to teacher education are essential in understanding how teachers learn to teach and that teachers' professional discourse can play a significant role in teachers' professional development.