• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.871-878
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• 2004

An accurate adaptive mesh refinement based on the CIP method is proposed and it is applied to solve the two dimensional advection equations. In this method, the level set function is employed to refine and merge the computation cells. To enhance the accuracy of the solution, the spatial discretization is made by the CIP method. The CIP method has many advantages such as the third order accuracy, less diffusivity, and shape conserving. The mathematical formulation and numerical results are also described. To verify the efficiency, accuracy, and capability of the proposed algorithim, two dimensional rotating slotted cylinder and idealized frontogenesis are numerically simulated by the present scheme. As results, it is confirmed that the present method gives an efficient, reasonable solution in the advection equation.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-142
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• 2011

In the present paper, a numerical simulation method based on mesoscopic composite structure of concrete, the truss network model, is developed to evaluate the diffusivity of concrete in order to account for the microstructure of concrete, the binding effect of chloride ions and the chloride concentration dependence. In the model, concrete is described as a three-phase composite, consisting of mortar, coarse aggregates and the interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between them. The advantage of the current model is that it can easily represent the movement of mass (e.g. water or chloride ions) through ITZs or the potential cracks within concrete. An analytical method to estimate the chloride diffusivity of mortar and ITZ, which are both treated as homogenious materials in the model, is introduced in terms of water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and sand volume fraction. Using the newly developed approaches, the effect of cracking of concrete on chloride diffusion is reflected by means of the similar process as that in the test. The results of calculation give close match with experimental observations. Furthermore, with consideration of the binding capacity of chloride ions to cement paste and the concentration dependence for diffusivity, the one-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equation is established, as well as its finite difference form in terms of the truss network model. A series of numerical analysises performed on the model find that the chloride diffusion is substantially influenced by the binding capacity and concentration dependence, which is same as that revealed in some experimental investigations. This indicates the necessity to take into account the binding capacity and chloride concentration dependence in the durability analysis and service life prediction of concrete structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.3 no.2_3
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• pp.103-122
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• 2006

Drying shrinkage of concrete occurs due to the loss of moisture and thus, it is controlled by moisture diffusion process. On the other hand, the shrinkage causes cracking of concrete and affects its moisture diffusion properties. Therefore, moisture diffusion and drying shrinkage are two coupled processes and their interactive effect is important for the durability of concrete structures. In this paper, the two material parameters in the moisture diffusion equation, i.e., the moisture capacity and humidity diffusivity, are modified by two different methods to include the effect of drying shrinkage on the moisture diffusion. The effect of drying shrinkage on the humidity diffusivity is introduced by the scalar damage parameter. The effect of drying shrinkage on the moisture capacity is evaluated by an analytical model based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics and minimum potential energy principle for a two-phase composite. The mechanical part of drying shrinkage is modeled as an elastoplastic damage problem. The coupled problem of moisture diffusion and drying shrinkage is solved using a finite element method. The present model can predict that the drying shrinkage accelerates the moisture diffusion in concrete, and in turn, the accelerated drying process increases the shrinkage strain. The coupling effects are demonstrated by a numerical example.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 1995

Fick's diffusion equation was transformed into algebraic subsidiary equation with its initial and boundary conditions through Laplace transformation, and the subsidiary equation was transformed back on the basis of Burington's table of inverse transformations so that it became the solution of Fick's equation. The initial and boundary condition was for upward diffusion of salts into flooding water of constant depth from uniform polder soil of infinite depth containing constant concentration of salt. The derived solution was tested through comparison for its conformability with other solutions of simpler initial and boundary conditions. The importance of shallow transplanting of rice seedlings and salt removing by growing rice was mentioned on the basis of very slow desalting rate by diffusion calculated from the derived solutions.

• Clean Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2001

The desulfurization process which belongs to the gas refining part is the unit process that eliminates $H_2S$ and COS in the coal gas formed by the coal gasification part in the integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC). In this study, natural manganese ores were selected as the raw material of the desulfurization sorbent due to economical efficiency. Initial rates for the reactions between $H_2S$ and desulfurization sorbent using natural manganese ores were determined in a temperature range of $400{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ using a thermobalance reactor. All reactions were first order with respect to $H_2S$ and were in accord with the Arrhenius equations. When sulfidation reaction was controlled by diffusion, the temperature dependence of the effective diffusivity was given by the Arrhenius equation. Activation energies and frequency factors were obtained from the product layer diffusion coefficient of various sorbents by plotting as Arrhenius equation form.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 1993

Diffusion of a steady horizontal line source in a turbulent shear flow is simulated by numerically solving a steady two-dimensional advective diffusion equation. The computational result is compared with the analytic solution for uniform velocity and diffusivity distributions over the depth. The analytic solution for constant velocity and diffusivity overestimates the degree of vertical mixing. The normalized equation indicates that friction factor is the only physical parameter that governs the vertical diffusion process. Sensitivities of the diffusion process to the friction factor and initial source position are analyzed. The rate of vertical mixing varies approximately as the square root of the friction factor. The optimal source position, which gives the most rapid mixing, lies above the mid-depth and moves toward the water surface as the friction factor increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.347-354
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• 2003

The dynamics of fluid flow through nanomachines is completely different from that of continuum. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the flow of helium, neon, argon inside carbon(graphite) nanotubes of several sizes. The fluid was introduced into the nanotube at a given initial velocity according to given temperature. Diffusion coefficients were evaluated by Green-Kubo equation derived from Einstein relationship. The behaviour of the fluid was strongly dependent on the density of fluid and tube diameter, not on the tube length. It was found that the diffusion Coefficients increased With decreasing the density of molecules and increasing the diameter and temperature.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1584-1589
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• 2003

This work applies the equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation method to study a Lennard-Jones liquid thin film suspended in the vapor and calculates diffusion coefficients by Green-Kubo equation derived from Einstein relationship. As a preliminary test, the diffusion coefficients of the pure argon fluid are calculated by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. It is found that the diffusion coefficients increase with decreasing the density and increasing the temperature. When both argon liquid and vapor phases are present, the effects of the system temperature on the diffusion coefficient are investigated. It can be seen that the diffusion coefficient significantly increases with the temperature of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 2002

Total Variation(TV) regularization method is effective for reconstructing "blocky", discontinuous images from contaminated image with noise. But TV is represented by highly nonlinear integro-differential equation that is hard to solve. There have been much effort to obtain stable and fast methods. C. Vogel introduced "the Fixed Point Lagged Diffusivity Iteration", which solves the nonlinear equation by linearizing. In this paper, we apply multigrid(MG) method for cell centered finite difference (CCFD) to solve system arise at each step of this fixed point iteration. In numerical simulation, we test various images varying noises and regularization parameter $\alpha$ and smoothness $\beta$ which appear in TV method. Numerical tests show that the parameter ${\beta}$ does not affect the solution if it is sufficiently small. We compute optimal $\alpha$ that minimizes the error with respect to $L^2$ norm and $H^1$ norm and compare reconstructed images.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2022

The present study investigates the effects of Cattaneo-Christov thermal effects of stagnation point in Walters-B nanofluid flow through lubrication of power-law fluid by taking the slip at the interfacial condition. The impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motions are further accounted. The fluid impinging orthogonally on the surface is due to power-law slim coating liquid. The generalized newtonian fluid equation is used that obeys the power law constitutive equation to model our problem. The effect of velocity profiles, temperature for different values of n are investigated. The prandtl on the temperature distribution for partial slip and no slip cases is also observed. It is found that for larger values of prandtl number thermal diffusivity of fluid reduces and it enhance the decrease in temperature and boundary layer thickness.