• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

The DQMS (Defence Quality Management System) is a certification system that manages participating companies to improve the quality of munitions. Since Korean Defense Specification (KDS) for DQMS certification that was established by adding military requirements based on the ISO quality standard, many companies complain that they should pay too much effort into the preparation process. However, it is hard to find helpful information on the preparation process because we have been only interested in the effect of DQMS acquisition. The purpose of this paper is to provide helpful information to companies preparing for DQMS certification. We surveyed the degree of difficulty and importance of the DQMS requirements from the companies with certification experience, and performed IDA (Importance-Difficulty analysis) by dividing the companies into the main contractor and the subcontractor. The result of IDA shows that there is a different recognition to the DQMS certification between main-contracting and sub-contracting companies. Subcontractor has more difficulties than main contractor in preparing the DQMS certification. In addition, we are able to identify the difficult and important requirements in the preparation process to the DQMS certification. Both main contractor and subcontractor have difficulty to the requirements related to configuration or validation such as 'customer controls configuration', 'configuration review shall be implemented' and 'design and development validation documentation.' The requirements related to customers are important to main contractor but the subcontractor regards difficult requirements as important ones. The result of this paper would be helpful to both the company preparing for DQMS and the munitions quality assurance agency.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.433-447
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• 2003

Since self-efficacy was suggested by Bandura(1977) as the most important factor that affects human behavior, preceding studies about self-efficacy are frequently related with children, and it is a main stream that only personal factors are chosen as related factors of these studies. Considering we don't have enough studies about family factors that reflect qualitative and relational factors of adolescents' home background, this study was aimed to seize the actual condition of self-efficacy meaning perceived and emotional faith about their own ability. These are our major concerns: 1. What kind of tendency does self-efficacy and appearance stress of adolescents, family functioning show? 2. How strong are relative influences of variables on self-efficacy of adolescents? This study was operated on July and August, 2002, aimed 378 middle school and high school students in Jeon-Nam, Mokpo area. 378 question sheets were used for analysis. Followings are results of this study. First, aimed students' average mark of self-efficacy was 2.09, which meant a normal level. And in low-ranked part, self-control-efficacy was the highest, and confidence task difficulty preference was following. Furthermore, whole self-efficacy showed a little difference from the demographic factor of adolescents. In low-ranked part, however, confidence and self-efficacy showed a somewhat difference. As students grew up, confidence decreased, and male students showed higher self-control-efficacy than female ones. Second, appearance stress and family functioning degree had a strong relation with self-efficacy. Family functioning, had important interrelation not only with whole self-efficacy but also with low-ranked part of self-efficacy. In low-ranked part, self-control-efficacy and task difficulty preference were proportional to the family functioning degree. From these results, we can find that the appearance stress was an actual factor that affected the self-efficacy of adolescents, and their self-efficacy was strongly related with family functioning degree. Accordingly, affirmative emotion in family, harmonic communication among family members and sharing housekeeping works had an immediate influence on elevation of self-efficacy.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

본 논문은 다문화 아동들을 대상으로 로봇을 활용한 STEAM 수업을 통해 한국어 학습 효과를 분석한다. 이를 위해 학생들이 한국어에 대하여 느끼는 난이도와 흥미도를 측정하였다. 이 학습자들이 한글 명령어 입력 기반 프로그래밍 도구를 이용하여 변수, 데이터타입, 분기문, 반복문 등의 프로그래밍 명령어를 한국어로 학습하게 한 후 그들의 한국어 학습효과를 측정하였다. 학습 효과 측정을 위해 한 학년 수업 가운데 2학기 수업 개강 전과 수업 종강 후 각각 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연연구결과, 우리나라와 언어적인 특징이나 문화권이 근접한 나라 출신의 다문화 아동이 로봇 활용 교육을 통한 한국어 이해도가 높았고 다문화 아동이 한국어를 배울 때 로봇을 활용한 수업이 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of difficulty and turnover of nurses working in the field and to derive clinical work activation and supply policy improvements. Data was collected from December, 2014 to January, 2015, from 23 hospitals, and participants were 3,887 nurses working in the field, Survey details : the difficulty of the clinical work of nurses working in hospitals, turnover intentions status and policy proposals for clinical research work enabled General characteristics, difficulties in clinical working, turnover intention and clinical work plan activation are frequency analysis. The difference between each of the variables in accordance with the general characteristics are one-way ANOVA analysis, Correlation analysis of the variables is also a Pearson correlation coefficients. 'difficulties in clinical working' was a statistically significant difference depending on the type of hospital, nursing class, number of beds, location, age, position, employment, gender, working form, working department, salary, career, and degree level. 'turnover intention' was a statistically significant difference depending on nursing rate, number of beds, region, age, position, sex, shifts, departments, annual income, and career. 'policy recommendation' was a statistically significant difference depending on type of hospital, nursing rate, age, position, employ, shifts, departments, annual income, degree level and career 'difficulties in clinical working' is 'turnover intention' (p<.001), 'policy recommendations' (p<.001) and had a significant positive correlation. and 'turnover intention' had a "policy recommendation" significant positive correlation with the relationship (p<.001) The most difficulties point of the nurses working in the field are the environment, such as shift, urgent and dangerous. Major policy proposals are improve treatment such as wages, and welfare.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1608-1614
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• 2009

이러닝 문제은행기반 출제시스템에서 많은 학습자들은 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 문제들을 기반으로 스스로를 진단함으로써 자기 주도적으로 학습을 진행한다. 이러한 방식에서 학습자들의 효율적인 자기 주도적 학습 진행을 위해서는 정당한 방법으로 출제되는 문제가 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 자기 진단 평가를 위해, 평가의 종류에 따라 난이도뿐만 아니라 학습 범위와 문제의 키워드를 함께 고려하는 새로운 방법의 문제 출제 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이는 기존의 난이도만을 고려한 자동 출제 방식에 비해 자기 주도적 학습자에게 보다 효과적인 학습 진단 방법을 제공할 수 있다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's nonsymbolic arithmetic ability according to task difficulty. The participants in this study comprised 43 2-year-old children and 48 4-year-old children recruited from 5 childcare centers located in Seoul, Korea. All tasks were composed of comparison, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division tasks. In addition, each arithmetic task varied with the ratio of the two quantities; low level(1:2), middle level(2:3), high level(4:5). The results revealed that 2 & 4-year-old children could perform a large numerical range of nonsymbolic arithmetic tasks without influences from previously learned mathematics. This finding suggests that children have a degree of numerical capacity prior to symbolic mathematics instruction. Furthermore, children's performance on nonsymbolic arithmetic tasks indicated the ratio signature of large approximate numerical representation. This result implies that large approximate numerical representation can be used in arithmetical manipulations.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

스크린 기반 게임은 여러 공간에 옮겨가면서 설치해야 하는 경우가 자주 일어난다. 이 경우에 센서에 변화가 생기거나 공간의 구성 차이로 설치에 어려움이 생길 수 있다. 또한 실제 게임과 똑같이 경험하는 것도 의미가 있지만 난이도를 조절하여 더 많은 재미를 느낄 수 있도록 유도해야 하는 경우도 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 스크린 골프와 유사한 형태의 체감형 게임인 스크린 양궁 게임을 개발하는 과정에서 공간의 변화에 따른 설치를 쉽게 하는 기법, 사용자의 실력에 따라 게임의 난이도를 자동으로 조절할 수 있는 방법을 설명하고 실험 결과를 보이고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1979

The study was undertaken in an effort to observe whether the level of performance difficulty may vary with the backgrounds of the nurses who are engaged in maternity care service. The business adaptability was measured by the degree of difficulty which was scored by the results of questionaire test. The test was performed during the period of September 11 to October 5, 1976. A total of 128 professional nurses have responded to this questionaire survey in relation to the maternity care such as 1) antenatal care, 2) labor and delivery care and 3) postpartum care. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. The adaptability scores to the maternity care were founded to be significantly affected by the duration of the total clinical career, maternity care career and nurses’age. 2. It could be observed that the adaptability scores to the maternity care were not substantialy affected by nurses’educational background, marital status and nurses’working area.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2003

Yaw-checking and course-keeping ability in IMO's ship manoeuvrability standards are reviewed from the viewpoint of safe navigation. Three kinds of virtual series-ships, which have different course instability, are taken as test models. The numerical simulation on Z-test is carried out in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability in spiral characteristics and various kinds of overshoot angle. Then simulator experiments are executed with series-ships in a curved, narrow waterway by six operators(five active pilots and one ex-captain) in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty. IMC criteria for yaw-checking and course-keeping ability are discussed and revised criteria are proposed.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 현재 개발되어 있는 초등학생 MOS 교재의 교육내용을 근거로 초등학생 수준에 적합한 자격 기준을 찾아보고자 한다. 즉, 초등학생의 정보 교육과정 수준에서 MOS 자격증과 관련한 자격기준 설정에 난이도의 적합성과 타당성을 분석해 보고자 한다. 난이도의 분석은 현재 초등학교 방과 후 교실에서 실시되고 있는 교재와 초등학교 재량수업을 통해 이루어지고 있는 ICT 재량 시간 교재와 비교 평가하였다. 이해도가 높은 초등학교 교사와 방과 후 교실 강사들을 통해 리커드 척도를 이용한 정량적인 평가를 하였다. 그 결과 파워포인트는 충분한 적합성(76%)을 가지나 워드와 엑셀은 난이도가 높고 주제면에서도 현재의 교육과정과 많은 불일치를 보이고 있었다. 따라서 MS-워드나 엑셀을 위해서는 학생들 수준에 맞는 난이도 및 주제들을 조정해야할 필요성이 높다고 하겠다.