• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2018

Aralia cordata (A. cordata), which belongs to Araliaceae, is a perennial herb widely distributed in East Asia. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of stems (AC-S), roots (AC-R) and leaves (AC-L) extracted with 100% methanol of A. cordata and elucidated the potential signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The AC-L showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NO production. AC-L dose-dependently inhibited NO production by suppressing iNOS, COX-2 and $IL-{\beta}$ expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AC-L inhibited the degradation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, which donated to the inhibition of p65 nuclear accumulation and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Furthermore, AC-L suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. These results suggested that AC-L may utilize anti-inflammatory activity by blocking $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway and indicated that the AC-L can be used as a natural anti-inflammatory drugs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

이 연구에서는 1기압 298 K 기체 상태에서 페난트렌에 두 개의 OH 라디칼이 연쇄적으로 작용하여 페난트렌이 분해되는 반응 과정을 B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) 기저함수를 사용하여 DFT 계산을 수행하였다. 계산 결과 두 개의 OH 라디칼이 연쇄적으로 페난트렌에 작용하는 경우에도 phenanthren-9-ol 생성 반응이 phenanthren-1-ol 생성 반응보다 유리할 것으로 예측된다. 한편 OH 첨가와 H 추출 과정에 대한 우선성은 상온에서 OH 첨가 과정이 유리할 것으로 예측되었다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory degenerative joint disease that is accompanied by irreversible joint cartilage destruction. Recently, the antioxidant effects of Carpomitra costata, which is a type of brown algae, have been reported, but their effects on OA have not been investigated. In this study, the anti-osteoarthritic effect of the ethanol extract of C. costata (EECC) on SW1353 human chondrocytes was studied. Results showed that EECC significantly attenuated the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide (NO), as well as expressions of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase. EECC also inhibited the IL-1β-induced expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, and -13 in SW1353 chondrocytes, which reduced their extracellular secretion. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by IL-1β was confirmed to be blocked by EECC due to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, EECC suppressed IL-1β-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from cytosol into the nucleus and the degradation of IκB-α, which indicates that EECC exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results are the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activities of C. costata extracts in chondrocytes, thus suggesting that this algae extract may be used in the treatment of OA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2021

In the present study, kaempferol, a flavonoidal natural compound found in Polygonati Rhizoma, was investigated for its potential effect on the gene expression and production of airway MUC5AC mucin. A human respiratory epithelial NCI-H292 cells was pretreated with kaempferol for 30 min and stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for the following 24 h. The effect on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway or EGF-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was investigated. Kaempferol suppressed the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucins, induced by PMA through the inhibition of degradation of inhibitory kappa Bα (IκBα), and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Also, kaempferol inhibited EGF-induced gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin through regulating the phosphorylation of EGFR, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (p44/42), and the nuclear expression of specificity protein-1 (Sp1). These results suggest kaempferol regulates the gene expression and production of mucin through regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, in human airway epithelial cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2023

In humic substances, fulvic acid (FA) is a subclass of diverse compounds known as humic substances, which are by-products of organic degradation from microorganisms. FA can suppress the proliferation of tumor cells. Despite numerous studies, the exact mechanism for the various effects of FA is not clearly understood. Based on results demonstrating anti-proliferation effects on human cancer, we investigated whether FA has similar effects on lung cancer in this study. Firstly, the anti-cancer effect of FA in pulmonary epithelial tumor cell lines (TC-1 cells) was examined by confirming its inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation of TC-1 cells. TC-1 cell proliferation was reduced by FA on a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. After 24 hours of FA treatment, cell morphological changes such as cell volume decrease, non-adherence and increased number of apoptotic cells were clearly observed. In addition, FA induced a DNA ladder pattern by increased of DNA fragments in TC-1 cells. In the intracellular regulatory pathway by FA, we confirmed that FA induced the reduction of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 protein levels. These results indicate that FA has anticancer effect by inducing intracellular apoptotic pathway. Further research on the mechanism of anticancer effects will be basic data for the development of potential anticancer drugs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4241-4244
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• 2012

The lung adenocarcinoma is considered more aggressive than other types of non-small cell lung cancer. As metabolites of tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway, including kynurenic acid, have been shown to induce immunosuppression and facilitate escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance, a hypothesis was set up that differences in biological behavior between types of lung cancer may be associated with altered activity of the kynurenine metabolic pathway. The aim of the study was to determine kynurenic acid levels in the serum of patients with bronchial adenocarcinoma for comparison with other types of non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 227 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in the study, including 71 with adenocarcinoma and 96 with squamous cell carcinoma. Serum kynurenic acid concentration was determined with use of high performance liquid chromatography and fluorometry. The level of kynurenic acid in the serum of patients with adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than in those with squamous cell lung cancer ($107.1{\pm}62.8$ pmol/ml; 95%CI: 92.4 to 132.3 pmol/ml versus $82.1{\pm}47.6$ pmol/ml; 95%CI: 78.5 to 91.2 pmol/ml, respectively; p = 0.027). Differences between other histological types of lung cancer were insignificant. We conclude that increased activity of kynurenine metabolic pathway manifested by elevated serum kynurenic acid level may be one of the factors associated with clinically distinct biological behavior of adenocarcinoma, in particular high invasiveness and rapid progression.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2018

In the present study, we investigated whether tussilagone, a natural product derived from Tussilago farfara, significantly affects the production and gene expression of airway MUC5AC mucin. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with tussilagone for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF (epidermal growth factor) or PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) for 24 h or the indicated periods. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Production of MUC5AC mucin protein was measured by ELISA. To elucidate the action mechanism of tussilagone, effect of tussilagone on PMA-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway was investigated by western blot analysis. Tussilagone significantly inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin protein and down-regulated the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene, induced by EGF or PMA. Tussilagone inhibited PMA-induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa Ba ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$). Tussilagone inhibited PMA-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of MUC5AC protein production in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that tussilagone can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin by acting on airway epithelial cells through regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2016

수박의 형태적 변이의 유전적 원인을 분석해 보기 위해 8개 계통에서 re-sequencing을 수행하였다. 유전적 변이의 수는 염색체에 따라 다르게 나왔으며 발견된 SNP의 약 12.9%만이 유전자내에서 발견되었고 나머지는 프로모터나 유전자 사이의 지역에서 발견되었다. SNP 밀도에 대한 분석 결과 염색체 6번의 말단지역에 변이가 집중되어 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 염색체 10과 11번에 잘 보존된 지역을 발견하였다. Pathway 분석을 통해 DIMBOA(일종의 항생제)-glucoside 분해 대사가 계통간 가장 차이나는 것으로 확인되었으며 이는 각 계통의 병저항성에서 차이가날 가능성을 시사하는 것이다. 당대사 관련 유전자 변이를 분석한 결과 alpha-galactosidase 유전자에 가장 변이가 많은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구 결과는 육종을 분자수준에서 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2018

이 연구에서는 기체 상태 페난트렌, 페난트렌올, 페난트레닐 라디칼, 하이드록실 페난트렌 라디칼에 대한 IR 스펙트럼을 BLYP/6-311++G(d,p)법을 사용하여 얻었다. 이 스펙트럼들을 비교함으로써 ${\cdot}OH$에 의한 페난트렌의 분해 반응 경로를 동정하는데 IR 스펙트럼 측정이 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 볼 수 있었다. IR 스펙트럼에서 H 원자 제거 과정은 CH의 out-of-plane 굽힘 진동 영역인 $650{\sim}850cm^{-1}$, ${\cdot}OH$ 첨가 과정은 CH 신축 및 굽힘 진동 영역에서 용이하게 확인 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 5종의 페난트렌-n-올 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 9) 모두에 대하여 얻어진 IR 스펙트럼 역시 여기에 주어졌다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2011

Background: The ligand for CD137 (CD137L; also called 4-1BBL) is mainly expressed on activated APCs such as dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Even though CD137L functions as a trigger of the CD137 signaling pathway for T cell activation and expansion, engagement of CD137L can deliver a signal leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Methods: We generated cell-permeable TAT-CD137L cytoplasmic domain fusion protein (TAT-CD137Lct) and examined its ability to initiate the CD137L reverse signaling pathway. Results: Treatment of TAT-CD137Lct induced the production of high levels of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNAs and proteins in peritoneal macrophages. TAT-CD137Lct increased phosphorylation of Erk, p38 MAPK and Jnk, and activated transcription factors C/EBP and CREB. However, TAT-CD137Lct did not visibly affect the degradation of the inhibitor of NF-${\kappa}B$ ($IkB{\alpha}$). We further demonstrated that JNK activation was required for TAT-CD137Lct-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, while activation of Erk and p38 MAPK were involved in IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TATCD137Lct is an effective activator for the CD137L reverse signaling pathway.