• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2013

High-fat diet up-regulates either insulin resistance or triglycerides, which is assumed to be related to the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$. The beneficial effects of vitamin E on insulin resistance are well known; however, it is not clear if vitamin E with a high-fat diet alters the expression of PPAR-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$. We investigated the effects of d-${\alpha}$-tocopherol supplementation on insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of PPAR-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in a high-fat (HF) diet-fed male C57BL/6J model of insulin resistance. The animals were given a regular diet (CON; 10% fat), a HF diet containing 45% fat, or a HF diet plus d-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (HF-E) for a period of 20 weeks. The results showed that the HF diet induced insulin resistance and altered the lipid profile, specifically the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P < 0.05). In this animal model, supplementation with d-${\alpha}$-tocopherol improved insulin resistance as well as the serum levels of TG and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the treatment decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver while increasing hepatic PPAR-${\alpha}$ expression and decreasing PPAR-${\gamma}$ expression. In conclusion, the oral administration of d-${\alpha}$-tocopherol with a high-fat diet had positive effects on insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress through the expression of PPAR-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in a high-fat diet-fed male mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2005

방사선 조사식품의 지용성 비타민에 대한 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 지용성 비타민 중 $\beta-carotene$, 비타민 $D_3$, $\alpha-tocopherol$을 택하여 한국인의 상용 식품이면서 각각의 급원식품인 귤, 멸치, 쇠고기에 대해 방사선조사 전후의 해당 비타민 함량을 분석하였다. 귤의 $\beta-carotene$의 함량은 조사구가 비조사구에 비해 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적이지는 않았다. 멸치의 비타민 $D_3$ 함량은 조사선량에 비례하여 5kGy 조사 시 $109.30\%$, 10kGy 조사 시 $125.25\%$로 증가하였다. (p<0.05). 소고기의 $\alpha-tocopherol$ 함량은 고지방 부위인 등심육의 경우 조사선량에 따라 큰 폭으로 감소되어 비조사구에 비해 10kGy 조사구에서 $84\%$의 감소율을 보였으나, 지방함량이 비교적 적은 사태육의 경우 조사구 모두에서 비조사구 대비 약 $13\%$의 감소율을 보였다. 순수 용액의 비타민 A, 비타민 $D_3,\;\alpha-tocopherol$은 조사선량에 비례하여 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 특히, 비타민 $D_3$는 지용성 비타민 중 조사에 가장 안정한 비타민으로 나타났고, $\alpha-tocopherol$의 경우는 10kGy 처리구에서 전량 감소를 보여 지용성 비타민 중 조사에 가장 취약한 비타민으로 나타났다. 마이크로웨이브 처리구나 가열 처리구에서는 이들 지용성 비타민들의 손실이 거의 없었다. 이사의 결과로부터 10kGy이내의 방사선 조사 시, 귤의 $\beta-carotene$ 함량에는 영향을 미치는 않는 것으로 보이며, 비타민 $D_3$의 경우는 적어도 10kGy까지는 매우 안정함을 보여주었고 지방함량이 높은 등심육의 경우 $\alpha-tocopherol$의 상당한 분해가 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to compare the supplementation of natural (D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol) and synthetic (DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular antioxidant capacity and genes expression related to oxidative status of broilers. A total of 144 1 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 8 birds each. Birds were given a basal diet (control group), and basal diet supplemented with either 20 IU D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate for 42 days, respectively. The results indicated that treatments did not alter growth performance of broilers (p>0.05). Compared with the control group, concentration of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in the breast muscle was increased by the supplementation of vitamin E (p<0.05). In the thigh, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content was also enhanced by vitamin E inclusion, and this effect was more pronounced in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Vitamin E supplementation increased the redness of breast (p<0.05). In the contrast, the inclusion of synthetic vitamin E decreased lightness of thigh (p<0.05). Dietary vitamin E inclusion reduced drip loss at 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and this effect was maintained for drip loss at 48 h in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Broilers given diet supplemented with vitamin E showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the breast (p<0.05). Additionally, natural rather than synthetic vitamin E reduced MDA accumulation in the thigh (p<0.05). Neither natural nor synthetic vitamin E supplementation altered muscular mRNA abundance of genes related to oxidative stress (p>0.05). It was concluded that vitamin E supplementation, especially the natural vitamin E, can enhance the retention of muscular ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, improve meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity of broilers.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2012

This study investigated the shelf life of emulsion-type sausages containing garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 10, 20, and 30 d. Six groups of emulsion-type sausages were included: control (no additives), GP1 (1% garlic powder), GP3 (3% garlic powder), AT100 (100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage), AT200 (200 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage), and GP1+AT100 (1% garlic powder+100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage). During storage, the pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and residual nitrite content were reduced by the addition of garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol relative to the control (p<0.05). In addition, emulsion-type sausages supplemented with garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol improved color stability (p<0.05). The results suggest that a higher amount of garlic powder and their different combinations could improve the shelf life of emulsion-type sausages and protect against lipid oxidation.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1992

The natural antioxidant such as e-tocopherol and synthetic antioxidant BHT were used to compare antioxidative effects of those antioxidants from the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition changes in the soybean oil due to number of frying. The composition of frying oil were consisted of a group(Fresh oil), B gorup(Fresh oil added with 0.05% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol), C group(Fresh oil added with 0.2% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol), D group(Fresh oil added with 0.1% BHT), E group(Tocopherol removed oil from oil by active alumina column chromatography The results obtained were as follws : 1. The color was determined by the Lovibond colorimeter color intensity increased number of frying oil. 2, The acid value, TBA value and Carbonyl value were increased number of frying oil. 3. Natural antioxidants less effective than BHT but effect of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was very similar to that of BHT. 4. The order of antioxidative effect was 0.1% BHT, 0.2% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, 0.05% ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, fresh oil, tocopherol remove oil.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한국 성인의 비타민 E 섭취량과 기여식품군의 현황 및 추이를 확인하기 위하여 제1~6기 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 19세 이상 성인 69,665명의 24시간 회상 자료를 한국인 상용식품의 비타민 E 함량 데이터베이스와 연계하여 ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, ${\delta}-$토코페롤 및 비타민 E 섭취량을 추정하였다. 그 결과 비타민 E의 섭취량은 1998년도 이후 꾸준히 증가하였으며, 2013~2015년의 비타민 E 섭취량은 남성 $7.5mg\;{\alpha}-TE/d$, 여성 $6.4mg\;{\alpha}-TE/d$였음을 알 수 있었다. 각 식품군별 비타민 E 섭취 기여율을 산출하였을 때에는 채소류, 곡류, 난류 순으로 기여율이 높았고, 시간에 따른 추이를 보았을 때에는 채소류의 기여율은 감소하였고 난류의 기여율은 증가하였다. 2015 한국인 영양소 섭취기준을 이용해 본 연구에서 추정한 한국 성인의 비타민 E 섭취량을 평가한 결과, 비타민 E의 평균 섭취량이 충분섭취량에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 섭취 부족현상은 연령이 높고 교육수준 및 소득수준이 낮을수록 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 이러한 영양취약계층을 대상으로 비타민 E의 기능 및 급원식품을 교육할 필요성이 있다고 사료된다. 본 연구에서 체계적인 방법으로 추정한 한국 성인의 비타민 E 섭취량은 한국인 영양소 섭취기준의 개정을 위한 근거자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이나, 한국인 상용식품 내 다양한 형태의 비타민 E 함량을 분석하는 후속 연구가 수행되면, 더욱 정확한 비타민 E 섭취량 추정값을 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 1997

The present study was aimed to investigated whether there are age-and sex-related differences in serum levels of lipid peroxides, retinol , and $\alpha$-tocopherol in Korean adults. The subjects were 441 persons , including 268 men and 173 women. Those of each sex were divided into four age group : 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-65 years, and their lifestyles and serum levels were compared . Men smoked and drank less as age increased , but 99.9% of women of did not smoke and only 11% drank more than once a month. Lipid peroxides of males increased gradually with age, while those of females showed greater levels in the 50-65 years group thon younger groups. Lipid peroxides, retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations, which were adjusted for age, were significantly higher in males than in females. Lipid peroxide levels adjusted for total lipid were positively correlated with age in males than in females. Serum levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol adjusted for total lipid were positively correlated with age both in males and in females , while retinol was neither. The results indicate that serum levels of lipid peroxides, retinol , and $\alpha$-tocopherol are affected by age and that the response could be different between males and females.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to measure fat-soluble vitamins and minerals in breast milk of Korean lactating mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Breast milk samples were collected from 334 mothers. Concentrations of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectrometry while concentrations of minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol contents of breast milk were $39.58{\pm}19.64{\mu}g/dL$ and $0.23{\pm}0.13mg/dL$, respectively. Average sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in breast milk were $11.11{\pm}5.16$, $38.56{\pm}9.01$, $27.87{\pm}6.10$, $13.56{\pm}3.30$, and $3.05{\pm}0.65mg/dL$, respectively. Contents of trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were $40.26{\pm}46.21$, $98.40{\pm}62.47$, $24.09{\pm}9.03$, and $0.90{\pm}1.63{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. Fat-soluble vitamin concentration was positively correlated with total fat in milk samples, but no significant differences were observed in levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, or minerals based on whether or not lactating women were taking dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Micronutrient contents of breast milk samples from Korean lactating women were comparable to those of other nations. Retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels were correlated and also with total fat in breast milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level, total antioxidant level and reproductive performance in Murrah buffaloes was studied during periparturient period. Twenty-four advance pregnant buffaloes were randomly divided into four equal groups as $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ and were supplemented with 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (Merck) from 60 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum and 0, 500, 750 and 1,000 IU from 30 to 60 days postpartum, respectively. Blood samples were collected at -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of parturition and were analyzed for plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The intake of DM, CP and TDN did not vary among different groups. Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and TAA around parturition (-7 to 15 day) in $T_3$ and $T_4$ were significantly higher than the control group. There was 17% reduction in retention of fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis in $T_4$ than control. The post partum estrus interval averaged 58.00, 55.33, 51.83 and 43.00 days in $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ respectively. There was significant reduction in days open in both $T_3$ and $T_4$ in comparison to $T_1$ group (127,130 Vs.146). All the vitamin E supplemented groups showed reduction in days open than their previous lactation performance. Supplementation of vitamin E at $1,500IU\;d^{-1}$ from 60 day prepartum to 30 day post partum to buffaloes exhibited beneficial effect on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level and TAA around parturition and continuation of its supplementation at $1,000IU\;d^{-1}$ from 30 to 60 days of lactation improved post partum reproductive performance of buffaloes.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 그라비올라의 주성분인 nicotiflorin을 분리하고 그 아글리콘 성분인 kaempferol을 얻어 세포 보호 효과 및 그 보호 메커니즘을 규명하였다. L-Ascorbic acid 및 (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol을 대조군으로 하여, $^1O_2$로 유도된 세포 손상에 대해 nicotiflorin 및 kaempferol의 보호 효과를 측정한 결과 nicotiflorin < (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol < kaempferol 순으로 보호 효과가 증가하였다. L-Ascorbic acid는 세포 보호 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이들의 세포 보호 효과 메커니즘을 밝히기 위해 singlet oxygen 소광 속도 상수, 자유라디칼 소거 활성, ROS 소거 활성 및 적혈구 세포 침투율을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, kaempferol과 그 배당체인 nicotiflorin의 세포 보호 효과에 있어서 큰 차이는 세포막에의 침투가 가장 큰 요인으로 확인되었다. 대조군 L-ascorbic acid가 항산화능은 크지만 실험 조건에서 세포막에 침투가 잘 안되어 세포 보호 효과가 나타나지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. Kaempferol과 (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 비교를 통해 세포 침투뿐만 아니라 라디칼 소거활성 및 ROS 소거 활성도 세포 보호 효과에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 광증감 반응으로 유도된 세포막 파괴에 대한 보호작용은 항산화제들의 세포 침투, 자유라디칼 및 ROS 소거 활성이 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.