• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.849-860
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• 2022

The myofibril protein (MP) isolate-saccharide graft reactions was prepared using the Maillard reaction with saccharides. The effects of various saccharides on protein functionality and quality of the Maillard reaction were investigated and compared with those of MP. The grafting degree of the MP isolate-saccharide graft reaction was significantly higher in the reducing sugar-treated groups (lactose, glucose, fructose, and palatinose). The browning intensity of the MP isolate-saccharide graft reaction with fructose, sucrose, and erythitol was higher than that observed in the control reaction (p<0.05). MP that reacted with reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, palatinose, and lactose) had fainter bands than MP that reacted with non-reducing sugars (sucrose, erythitol, trehalose, sorbitol, and xylitol). MPs conjugated with glucose exhibited higher protein solubility. The palatinose and lactose treatments were maximum in water binding capacity, though no significant difference in oil binding capacity among the saccharide treatments was observed. The emulsion stability of the MP isolate-saccharide graft reaction with palatinose and erythitol was higher than that of the control reaction. Therefore, reducing sugars have good protein functionality in the MP isolate-saccharides graft reaction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to evaluate the physiological effects of mushroom supplementation on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and antioxidant enzyme activities in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomized into either a control group or mushroom supplementation group. Mushroom supplementation was provided 3 times a day for 4 weeks. We found that total dietary fiber intake was about 2.5 times higher (30.3 g vs. 12.3 g) in subjects receiving mushroom supplementation than in the control group. Two groups maintained the same food intake and amount of activity, exercise during the supplementation. We observed no difference in age, height, weight, BMI (body mass index), blood pressure between the groups. Nutrient intake did not differ appreciably between the two groups, except for fiber intake, during the supplementation. Fasting blood glucose levels and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly lower in those ingesting mushroom than in controls. Furthermore, the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased significantly in the mushroom supplementation group. Small changes were observed in the concentration of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of those supplemented with mushroom, but these changes were not statistically significant. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with mushroom supplementation were higher than in controls, but and glutathione peroxidase activity was not affected. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of mushroom group were lower than control group, but were not significant. We conclude that addition of mushroom influences glycemic control and may be effective in lowering blood lipids and improving antioxidant enzyme activities. Accordingly, such effects may reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, to confirm these effects and to make dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes, further studies are necessary.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.304-311
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• 2008

This study examined Jeung-pyun(JP) Retrogradation in samples containing 3% whole protein, 7S protein, or 11S protein(w/w) that were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 6, 12, 24 and 72 hr. Rheometery and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were used in the analysis. The pH of the dough decreased during the fermentation process, but it increased after steaming. The JP prepared with soybean protein isolate(SPI) had higher pH than the control group. During storage the textural characteristics of the JP showed effects according to the additions of SPI. After 6 hr of storage, the JP samples containing soybean flour, whole protein, 7S protein, and 11S protein had lower hardness valuse. From 4 hr to 12 hr, higher springiness values were found in the samples containing whole protein, 7S protein and 11S protein. At 0 hr, the control group had the highest cohesiveness value, but after 24 hr it presented the lowest value. For gumminess, after 6 hr of storage, the control group offered the lowest value. Whereas after 12 hr of storage the whole protein group showed the highest value, and at 24 hr, the whole protein, 7S protein, and 11S protein groups had higher values. According to the DSC results, the 11S protein group had lower enthalpy values(${\bigtriangleup}H$) suggesting that adding 11S protein to JP might improve starch retrogradation. After 72 hr of storage, the control group had the highest onset temperature($T_{o}$) and peak temperature($T_{p}$) whereas the 7S and 11S protein JP samples had higher conclusion temperatures($T_{c}$). Therefore, based on the different analysis result between the control and treatment groups, the addition of SPI to Jp had effects on retrogradation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.562-569
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of porphyran and insoluble dietary fiber isolated from laver in rats fed high fat diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate and 12% lard. Rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 5% diet fiber as cellulose(normal control or high fat control), porphyran or insoluble dietary fiber for 4 weeks. Among the groups fed high fat diet, liver weight was significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. Plasma GOT, GPT, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, LDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol concentration were significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. The feeding of porphyran significantly increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. The feeding of insoluble dietary fiber had no significant effect on either plasma or liver cholesterol levels, although fecal cholesterol level in the insoluble dietary fiber group was significantly higher than that in the high fat control. The results indicate that porphyran isolated from the laver may exert their hypocholesterolemic effect by increasing excretion of fecal bile acid and cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.513-521
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to promote health for elementary school children. It was conducted with a 7 week program focused on the teaching of the food tower and evaluation of its educational effects. Subjects consisted of 75 boys and girls (control group : 37, treatment group : 38) in the 4th grade of elementary school. The results showed as follows. The proportion of boys was a little higher than that of girls. Of their mothers age, the thirties and forties were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. 61.3% of mothers had jobs and 86.7% of mothers prepared meals. The average of the anthropometric data of the 2 groups show were all in the normal range. The degree of nutritional knowledge in treatment group after education was significantly increased in all concepts, however, the degree of the control group appeared to show significant increase in only two concepts, such as "snack" and "one-sided diet". The diversity of dietary intake was investigated to evaluate the educational effect using food picture cards. The treatment group showed significant increase in all food groups except "cooked rice", "potatoes" and "fruits", but the control group showed no significant change. The level of nutrition knowledge has a significant correlation with the dversity of the food intake in the treatment group. The preferred lesson for children were "games", "doll playing" and "role playing". The impressive lesson contents were "diverse food intake without one-sided diet", "eating breakfast everyday", "choosing good snacks for health" and "eating less procesed food". These findings indicate that a well-designed program for nutrition education can help to change food habits, and that childrens education helps them to grow and to live as healthy adults. The performance of an educational program for preventive nutrition is more beneficial for children than for the adults based on the cost reduction and effect of this education. nutrition is more beneficial for children than for the adults based on the cost reduction and effect of this education.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2006

This study demonstrates that red yeast rice exhibits radical scavenging and antihypercholesterolemic activities in rats fed cholesterol. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided to five dietary groups (normal, chol-control; and M-1, M-2 & M-3 administered 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg red yeast rice, respectively) and fed their respective diets for 4 weeks. No significant differences in food efficiency ratio (FER) were found among the five groups. The weight of perirenal fat pads decreased with increasing amounts of red yeast rice supplementation. There was a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol in M-3 group fed red yeast rice with 500 mg/kg compared to those in the chol-control, M-1 and M-2 groups (p<0.05). Among the rats fed the cholesterol-enriched diet, all groups fed red yeast rice showed higher concentration of the HDL cholesterol, but lower concentration of the LDL cholesterol than those of the chol-control group. The scavenging activity of the methanol extract from red yeast rice was increased with increasing amounts of the extract. The glutathione content in the normal group and in the M-3 group were higher than that in the other groups. The M-3 group showed similar hepatic glutathione contents to those of the normal group. These results suggest that red yeast rice may be safe and effective for lowering serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, ratio of non-HDL/HDL, and severity of experimental atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parent's nutritional education for body weight control of obese children. The weight control program include nutritional education, exercise and behavioral therapy during 20 weeks. Twenty- three children completed this program, the children were divided into two groups by control group and parent's nutritional education group. Parents volunteered to participate in a 4 week nutritional education program for parents and contact the therapist at least once per week to help their obese children. The results from this study were as follows. There were not significant differences in anthropometric values after weight control program between two groups. Triglyceride(TG) level in serum was decreased after weight control program in group of parent's nutritional education, but there was not significant difference. Parent's nutritional education did not add improvements in weight and fitness, but the children of parent's nutritional education group showed increased general self-worth upon completing the program(p<0.05) whereas the other children of control group did not. Also there were desirable changes of exercise and life habits in group of parent's nutritional education group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1991

Studies comparing the relative effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine on lipid component in liver brain and testis of hypercholeste-rolemic rats for 4 weeks. Therefore the aim of this work was to investigate for prevention in cardiovascular disease, Total cholesterol concentration in liver were significantly lower kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25mg/kg diet) fed groups than the other groups and trigly-ceride concentration was significantly lower Ganodrma lucidum fed group than in control group;. Total cholesterol concentration in testis were lower other groups than in control group and triglyceride concentration were significantly lower cholesterol Ganoderma lucidum and kale juice groups in control group. Phospholipid concentration in testis was higher sodium dextroth-yroxine fed group thanin control group.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2011

The effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Brassica juncea on the quality and palatability of low-salt gochujang were investigated in terms of the microbial characteristics, enzyme activities, pH, acidity, amino nitrogen and sensory evaluation during 40 days of fermentation. The proliferation of fungi in low-salt gochujang with added G. uralensis and B. juncea were inhibited, while the numbers of total viable bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were not affected. In terms of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\beta}$-amylase activity, no significant difference was observed by the salt concentration or additives. However, lowering the salt concentration increased protease activity. The amount of amino-nitrogen in low-salt gochujang at 20 days was similar to that in the control gochujang at 40 days. In the sensory test, low-salt gochujang was preferred compared to control gochujang (8.5% salt). Particularly, the 4.3% salt gochujang with additives was the most preferred.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic effects of five Korean wild vegetables, Aralia continentalis (A. con.), Castanea crenata (C. cre.), Xanthium strumarium (K, str.), Alisma canaliculatum (A. can,) and Eupatorium chinense var. simplicifolium for tripartium (E. tri) which have been utilized for the traditional remedies were investigated in this study. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of streptozotocin (STZ) into the tail veins at a dose of 45 mg/kg. Five groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed one of each experimental diet containing 10% of the Korean wild vegetable powder and normal and STZ-control rats were fed the control diet for five weeks. The body weight change, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and organ weights were compared. The plasma levels of glucose, protein, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and aminotransferase activity were determined. Mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents of the Korean wild vegetables were analyzed. The body weight gain was higher in normal, C. cre., A. can. and E. tri. groups than in the diabetic control group. The FER of C. cre., A. can. and E. tri. groups was significantly higher (p.＜0.05) than that of diabetic control group. Liver weight was heavier in A. con., X. str. and A. can. groups compared with the diabetic control group. The weights of kidney were lighter in all five Korean wild vegetable groups than in the diabetic control group. After five weeks, the plasma glucose level tends to be decreased in A. con., A. can. and E. tri. groups. Plasma cholesterol level was decreased the Korean wild vegetables except for X. str. group. Plasma HDL- cholesterol level was significantly higher in A. con., A. can. and E. tri. groups compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were significantly higher in X. str. group compared with the diabetic control group. Mineral contents were higher in E. tri. (Ca, K, Na and Fe). The results suggest that the intakes of A. con., A. can. and E. tri. have a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats showing the possibility as the valuable food resources for the prevention of diabetic mellitus.