• 제목/요약/키워드: commentaries

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사고 데이터베이스를 활용한 안전 관리 시스템의 정량적 Audit 시스템 개발 (The Development of Quantitative Audit System for Safety Management Systems based on Accident Database)

  • 안성준;이창준
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.40-46
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    • 2013
  • In the chemical process industries, accidents have a high potential and large effects on catastrophic results. Therefore the safety management for accident prevention plays a crucial role to guarantee the process safety. For these reasons, many systematic methods for safety management system have been widely employed in the fields of chemical processes. PSM (Process safety management) is one of most representative methods. The audit system, which is one of PSM system components, evaluates the performance of PMS system. However, most existing safety audit systems are not systematic and these are performed based on knowledges and experiences of various specialist. Moreover, the safety audit is only performed based on each independent technical component. So, the results of safety audit are not a quantitative index but only a series of commentaries. Finally, it is very difficult to obtain the comparison with other plants or industries. In this study, the novel systematic method and index-based accident database of auditing safety management systems for quantitative assessment are proposed. First, the elements of safety audit replace technical methods to categories of accident database. The F-N curve of each category for accident database is employed to derive the index for quantitative assessment. The Accidental Factor Risk Index (AFRI) is suggested for evaluating the effect of each element in accident database and safety audit system. The safety audit can be modified according to the proposed index.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Breast Reconstruction with Fat Grafting Content on TikTok

  • Gupta, Rohun;John, Jithin;Gupta, Monik;Haq, Misha;Peshel, Emanuela;Boudiab, Elizabeth;Shaheen, Kenneth;Chaiyasate, Kongkrit
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.614-616
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    • 2022
  • As of November 2021, TikTok has one billion monthly active users and is recognized as the most engaging social media platform. TikTok has seen a surge in users and content creators, ranging from athletes to medical professionals. In the past year, content creators have utilized the app to advocate for social reforms, education, and other uses that were not previously considered. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with an expected 281,550 new cases of invasive breast cancer in 2021. As more individuals with breast cancer choose to undergo resection, the demand for autologous fat grafting in breast reconstruction has increased due to the natural look and feel of breast tissue. The purpose of this article is to analyze content related to breast reconstruction with fat grafting found on TikTok and recommend methods to improve patient education, care, and outcomes. We searched TikTok on November 1, 2021, for videos using the phrase "breast reconstruction with fat grafting." The top 200 videos retrieved from the TikTok search algorithm were analyzed, and all commentaries, duplicates, and nonrelevant videos were removed. Video characteristics were collected, and two independent reviewers generated a DISCERN score A total of 131 videos were included in the study. They were found to have a combined 1,871,980 likes, 41,113 comments, and 58,662 shares. The videos had an average DISCERN score of 2.16. Content creators had an overall low DISCERN score in items involving the use of references, disclosure of risks for not obtaining treatment, and support for shared decision-making. When stratified, the DISCERN score was higher for videos created by physicians (DISCERN average 2.48) than for videos created by nonphysicians (DISCERN average 1.99; p < 0.001).

일제강점기 교사 윤재천이 본 조선의 초등 과학교육 (Elementary School Science Education in Joseon as viewed by Yun Jae-Cheon during the Japanese Colonial Period)

  • 이면우
    • 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.236-249
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    • 2022
  • 이 연구는 일제강점기의 교사 윤재천(尹在千)이 언급한 조선의 초등 과학교육에 대한 내용을 분석한 것이다. 윤재천은 대한제국 말에 태어나 일제강점기와 광복을 직접 경험한 사람이었다. 일제강점기에 경성사범학교 교사였던 윤재천은 <조선의 교육 연구(朝鮮の敎育硏究)>라는 교육 전문 잡지에 과학교육에 관련된 글을 많이 게재했다. 특히 그가 1939년에 저술한 "조선의 이과교육(朝鮮の理科敎育)"은 조선인 교사가 평가한 당시의 과학교육 전반을 분석하여 보고한 기사였다. 이 연구에서는 일제강점기에 조선인 교사의 눈으로 본 조선의 과학교육의 전반적인 상황을 추적했다. 일제가 강제 점령한 식민지 상황의 조선에서 윤재천이 생각했던 과학교육의 관점은 친일적인 색채를 드러내지 않을 수 없었던 한계가 있었다.

의학 교육에서 인공지능의 응용: 임상의학 교육을 위한 ChatGPT의 활용을 중심으로 (Application of artificial intelligence in medical education: focus on the application of ChatGPT for clinical medical education)

  • 홍현미;강영준;김영전;김봄솔
    • Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2023
  • This study explores the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based services, specifically ChatGPT-3.5, in medical education. The application of this technology is acknowledged as a valuable tool for simulating authentic clinical scenarios and enhancing learners' diagnostic and communication skills. To construct a case, students received ChatGPT training using a clinical ethics casebook titled "Clinical Ethics Cases and Commentaries for Medical Students and Physicians." Subsequently, a role-play script was generated based on this training. The initial draft of the script was reviewed by two medical professors and was further optimized using ChatGPT-3.5. Consequently, a comprehensive role-play script, accurately reflecting real-world clinical situations, was successfully developed. This study demonstrates the potential for effectively integrating AI technology into medical education and provides a solution to overcome limitations in developing role-play scripts within conventional educational settings. However, the study acknowledges that AI cannot always generate flawless role-play scripts and recognizes the necessity of addressing these limitations and ethical concerns. The research explores both the potential and limitations of employing AI in the early stages of medical education, suggesting that future studies should focus on overcoming these limitations while further investigating the potential applications of AI in this field.

"증언자료의 비판적 활용 - 6.25전쟁 시기 유격대의 경우" ("Critical Application of Witness Commentaries: The Case of Guerrilla Warfare in the Korean War")

  • 조성훈
    • 기록학연구
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    • 제12호
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    • pp.137-178
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    • 2005
  • The anticommunist guerrillas' activities that aretheconcern of this article took place largely in North Korea or behind the enemy-held lines. Verifying their history is accordingly difficult and requires careful attention, but despite their active operations the military as well as the scholarly community have been lax in studying them. The Korean War came to be perceived as a traditional, limited war with regular battles, so that the studies addressed mostly the regular operations, and guerrilla warfare is remembered as an almost 'exclusive property' of the communist invaders; a small wonder that the anticommunist guerrillas have not been studied much and the collection of materials neglected. Therefore, in contrast with the witness accounts concerning regular battles, witness resources were of a small volume about these "patriots without the service numbers." For the above reasons the guerrilla participants and their later-organized fellowships took to the task of leaving records and compiling the histories of their units. They became active preservers of history in order to inform later generations of their works and also to secure deserved benefits from the government, in a world where none recognized their achievements. For instance, 4th Donkey Unit published witness accounts in addition to a unit history, and left video-recordings of guerrilla witnesses before any institute systematized the oral history of the guerrillas. In the case of Kyulsa ("Resolved to Die") Guerrilla Unit, the unit history was 10 times revised and expanded upon for publication, contributing substantially to the recovery of anticommunist guerrilla history which had almost totally lacked documented resources. Now because the guerrilla-related witness accounts were produced through fellowship societies and not individually, it often took the form of 'collective memory.' As a result, though thousands of former guerrillas remain surviving, the scarcity of numerous versions of, or perspectives upon, an event renders difficult an objective approach to the historical truth. Even requests to verify the service of a guerrilla member or to apply for decoration or government benefits for those killed in action, the process is taken care of not at the hands of the first party but the veteran society, so that a variety of opinions are not available for consideration. Moreover, some accounts were taken by American military personnel, and since some historians, unaware of official documents or evaluation of achievements, tended to center the records around their own units and especially to exaggerate the units' performances, they often featured factual errors. Thefollowing is the means to utilize positively the aforementioned type of witness accounts in military history research. It involves the active use of military historical detachments (MHD). As in the examples of those dispatched by the American forces during the Korean War, experts should be dispatched during, and not just after, wartimes. By considering and investigating the differences among various perspectives on the same historical event, even without extra documented resources it is possibleto arrive at theerrors or questionable points of the oral accounts, supplementing the additional accounts. Therefore any time lapses between witness accounts must be kept in consideration. Moreover when the oral accounts come from a group such as participants in the same guerrilla unit or operation, a standardized list of items ought to be put to use. Education in oral history is necessary not just for the training of experts. In America wherethefield sees much activity, it is used not only in college or graduate programs but also in elementary and lifetime educational processes. In comparison in our nation, and especially in historical disciplines, methodological insistence upon documented evidences prevails in the main, and in the fields of nationalist movement or modern history, oral accounts do not receive adequate attention. Like ancient documents and monuments, oral history also needs to be made a regular part of diverse resource materials at our academic institutes for history. Courses in memory and history, such as those in American colleges, are available possibilities.

조선시대 『노자(老子)』 주석서에서 '인의(仁義)'와 '사(私)' 개념의 전개 (Developing of 'benevolence and justice(仁義)' and 'individual's self desire(私欲)' in Chosŏn commentators of Daodejing (道德經))

  • 김윤경
    • 한국철학논집
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    • 제31호
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    • pp.241-262
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    • 2011
  • 조선시대 "노자" 주석의 특징은 '유학자의 노자 읽기(이유석노(以儒釋老))'로 대표된다. 그러나 조선사상사 안에서 "노자" 주석사의 흐름을 체계적으로 논의하기 위해서는 좀 더 미시적인 접근이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 유학과 대립되는 "노자"의 '인(仁)을 끊고 의(義)를 버린다(절인기의(絶仁棄義))', '성인은 어질지 않다(성인불인(聖人不仁))' 등의 사유가 5종의 "노자" 주석서에서 어떻게 해석되는가를 살피고, 나아가 시대에 따른 해석의 변화과정에 주목하고자 한다. 조선시대 '인의(仁義)'는 당대 사회의 윤리적 표지이며, 모두가 따라야 할 공동체의 선이었다. 이이 박세당 홍석주가 "노자" 텍스트 상의 '인의(仁義)' 부정에 대해 유자(儒者)의 입장에서 비판하거나, '인의(仁義)'를 적극 변호한다면, 서명응과 이충익에 이르면 '인의(仁義)'는 '공공선'의 위상에서 벗어나, 판단 주체의 도덕적 자각이 요구되는 도덕률로 언급된다. 또한 율곡과 홍석주가 '천리(天理)의 공(公)'으로서의 '인의(仁義)'의 추구가 '무사(無私)'라고 본다면, 이충익에게서 '무사(無私)'란 개체의 이익을 위해 인의(仁義)를 따르는 것을 반성해야 되는 상태이다. 이 때 반성의 주체는 사회공동체가 아닌 개인이다. 요컨대 조선시대 "노자(老子)" 주석사 안에서 '도덕률'에 대한 인식변화는, 천리(天理)의 당위성이 강조되는 중세시기에서 근대로 넘어가면서, '공동체의 선(善)'이 해체되는 과정을 보여 준다. 이 안에서 개인은 도덕률의 순종자에서 도덕률의 판단 주체로 변모하였다. 서명응 이충익의 이러한 새로운 시도에는 18세기 정치 이데올로기화 된 정주학에 대한 반성과 극복의 과정이 투영되어 있다.

교육과정 개발 체제 및 총론과 과학과 교육과정의 연계성 분석 (Analysis of Curriculum Development Processes and the Relationship between General Statements of the Curriculum and Science Curriculum)

  • 이양락
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.468-480
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    • 2004
  • 우리 나라 교육과정은 총론과 각론이 괴리되고 있다는 비판을 받고 있다. 총론과 각론의 괴리가 나타나는 주요 이유는 총론 연구개발팀이 순수 교육학 전공자 중심으로 구성되어 각론의 특성을 반영한 총론 및 교과 교육과정 개발 지침 개발, 개발된 각론의 검토 및 피드백 제공이 어렵고, 또한 교육과정 개발 기관이 사안 발생 때마다 임시로 지정되기 때문에 교육과정 개발을 대비하여 사전에 기초 연구를 하기 어려우며, 교육과정 개발 기간도 지나치게 짧아 각론팀에서 총론의 취지와 교사의 요구를 충분히 반영하기 어렵기 때문이다. 그 결과 (1) 제7차 교육과정의 주요 변화 내용인 심화 보충형 수준별 교육과정 적용 시기에서 총론과 각론의 불일치 현상이 나타나고, (2) 심화 과정의 성격, 지도 및 평가 등에 대해 명확한 설명이 없어 교과서 집필 및 학습 지도에서 혼선이 유발되고, (3) 교과서 집필자나 교사가 교육 내용의 범위나 수준을 파악하기 어려워 학습량 적정화의 취지가 제대로 구현되지 못하였다. 따라서 '교육과정개발센터'를 지정 운영하여 교육과정에 대한 상시 연구 체제를 구축하고, 총론연구팀과 각론연구팀의 유기적 협조체제를 구축하여야 한다. 또한 과학과 교육과정 연구 개발 기간을 최소한 2년 이상으로 하고, 교육과정 개발 과정에 주요 전공별 과학자를 포함시키는 것이 바람직하다. 그리고 교육과정은 교과서 집필자나 교사가 중요한 사항을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 현행보다 구체화되어야 하며, 교육과정 해설서는 최소한 교과서 개발 시작 이전까지는 집필되어야 한다.

설문해자(說文解字)와 정역원의(正易原義)의 십이지(十二支)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on Seolmunhaeja and Jeongyeokwonui′s Twelve Earthly branches.)

  • 홍진임;윤창열
    • 혜화의학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.33-48
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    • 2017
  • Objective : Ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches are the important means to understand the orders of changes in heaven and earth. Method : We have so far looked into detailed explanations about twelve earthly branches in Seolmunhaeja, annotations in Seolmun of four major people, and commentaries in Jeongyeokwonui. Result & Conclusion : This can be also applied to the explanations of twelve early branches, as follows. In the $11^{th}$ month of the lunar calendar, the yang energy is finally born amid full of the ying energy. In the $12^{th}$ month, the yang energy prepares to break through the knots of the ying energy and gets ready to come out of the ground. In the first month, three kinds of the yang energy start to become vigorous and active. In the second month, the yang energy gains more force, sprouting various plants on the ground. In the third month, the yang energy arouse further, strengthening and growing plants. In the fourth month, all the yang energy is released, while the ying energy is still hiding. In the fifth month, one ying energy is born amid full of the yang energy, and there are interchanges between the yang energy and the ying energy. In the sixth month, the yang energy is still strong and vigorous, ripening the fruits in the fields. In the seventh month, the yang energy starts to hurt all creation. In the eighth month, the ying energy starts to flourish, and the yang energy starts to decline, diminishing all creation and, however, still ripening grains to be harvested. In the ninth month, one yang energy starts to hide from sight, not working its duty, while five kinds of the ying energy start to annihilate all creation. Finally, in the tenth month, the small yang energy hides to be rebirthed amid the flux and reflux of the ying-yang energy. The creative and unique interpretation of Jeongyeokwonui about twelve earthly branches is worth to be referred. It is definitely beyond the other existing explanations, as it incorporates trigrams and hexagrams from I Ching (Book of Changes) and the five primary substances.

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Level I 신뢰성 기반 설계법에 의해 산정된 혼성제 케이슨 단면의 비교 분석 (Comparative analysis of caisson sections of composite breakwaters evaluated by Level I reliability-based design method)

  • 이철응;박동헌;김상욱
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제51권7호
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    • pp.543-554
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    • 2018
  • 혼성제 직립 케이슨의 활동에 대한 부분안전계수 산정과 Level I 신뢰성 기반 설계법에 의한 단면 결정 과정을 자세히 제시하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 형식의 일치성과 실무에서의 적용 편이성을 위하여 부력 및 자중과 직접적으로 관련된 수위 및 케이슨을 구성하는 재료의 불확실성을 고려할 수 있는 수학적 모형을 제시하였다. 또한 양압력에 대한 영향을 정확히 고려하여 활동에 대해 안정한 혼성제 직립 케이슨 단면을 산정할 수 있는 설계기준식을 유도하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 부분안전계수를 가지고 Level I 신뢰성 기반 설계법에 의해 산정된 단면이 동일한 목표파괴확률에 대한 Level II AFDA의 결과 및 Level III MCS의 결과와 매우 잘 일치하였다. 그러나 미국 및 일본의 항만 설계기준에서 제시한 부분안전계수를 이용한 결과는 그 보다 훨씬 크거나 작은 단면을 산정하고 있다. 마지막으로 부분안전계수의 목표수준과 Level I 신뢰성 기반 설계법으로 결정된 단면의 안정성 수준에 대한 일치성 여부를 확인하기 위한 다각적인 신뢰성 재해석이 수행되었다.

동결견의 한약 치료에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석 (A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Herbal Medicine for Frozen Shoulder)

  • 오태영;김연희;오은미;홍수민;하현주;이은정;오민석
    • 한방재활의학과학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.15-33
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    • 2019
  • Objectives The objective of this study is to provide the evidence of the effectivness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. Methods 2 Korean medical on-line databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Traditional Knowledge), and 3 foreign databases (Pubmed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to find articles concerning herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several repeated articles and those not relevant to the topic were excluded, as well as review articles and commentaries. The methodological quality of RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analyes were perfomed. Results Total 474 studies were founded and 22 RCTs were selected for systematic review. Efficiency rate was used as the primary evaluation method. Almost studies reported that herbal medicine has significant effect on pain reduction, increasing shoulder function on frozen shoulder. 3 studies comparing herbal medicine and chuna with chuna and 3 studies comparing herbal medicine with ibuprofen were included in the meta-analysis. At herbal medicine and chuna with chuna meta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.27, p<0.0001). At herbal medicine with ibuprofen medta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.27, p=0.003). Conclusions The studies showed that herbal medicine can significantly effective on frozen shoulder. However, the risk of bias in RCTs were evaluated as uncertain. In the future, further well-designed RCTs are needed to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder and reduce the risk of bias.