• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2019

With the entry of an aging society, the average life span of accreditation has been extended. Therefore, interest in the appearance of men and women in modern society has increased. It is the wrinkles of the face that can judge the most outwardly. People tend to have various kinds of treatments to have a clean, wrinkle-free and resilient healthy skin regardless of sex. There is a lot of practice of lifting procedures in one of the procedures. A suture using a melting thread is a method of lifting by squeezing it into the skin as a non-incision type centering on a region where the thread can be fixed in the skin by injecting it into the subcutaneous fat layer. To evaluate the lifting efficacy of Cog - type suture for the improvement of skin wrinkles, preclinical experiments were conducted. We developed a wrinkle evaluation program using Labview. Data from preclinical experiments were used at 8 weeks after suturing. The average wrinkle depth was 415.6 mm in the control group. At 8 weeks, the depth of wrinkles was deepened to 888.3mm due to the aging process of the control group. On the other hand, the depth of the wrinkles before surgery was 640.3 mm in the suture group. It was confirmed that the depth of wrinkles decreased to 566.5mm at 8th week after the suture operation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2021

Solutions to water pollution, global warming, and climate change have been currently discussed. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) using a difference in salt concentration between two fluids is proposed to meet the demand for clean water and produce eco-friendly energy. Although PRO has been researched continuously, it has not been commercialized yet due to limitations such as lack of technology and the high price of membranes. Meanwhile, the membrane is one of the most significant parts of the PRO engine and salinity gradient power (SGP) technology. Research continues to technologically develop graphene oxide membranes and nanocomposite membranes used in salinity gradient power generation. Studies on efficient membranes, solvents, and solutes are active to enable high energy efficiency of the osmotic heat engine even at low temperatures of waste. Studies have been conducted on reducing internal concentration polarization and increasing power density by using membranes with balanced permeability and selectivity. In this review, dealing with these studies, we discuss the types of PRO membranes, theoretical modeling of technologies through efficient membranes, and other technologies to develop the process efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2021

In recent years, the design of buildings is changing from formal to creative and freeform. Accordingly, the scale of construction technology is changing to architectural design and construction of irregular buildings. Using the FDM method, which is one of the 3D printing technologies, it is possible to manufacture various forms of irregular formwork inexpensively and quickly coMPared to the existing formwork, and it seems to be able to solve the manpower problem. Using a 3D printer, the PLA filament formwork is produced in the form of a cylinder and a rectangular cuboid, and the usability of the PLA filament formwork is confirmed by examining the compression strength test and the degree of deformation and reusability over 28 days of age. Different sizes of additional specimens are also conducted according to the size. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the filament formwork itself has about 3~4MPa strength. As a result of reviewing data through existing linear studies and experiments, it is appropriate to use more than 60% infill, and it is advantageous in terms of strength. As a result of cutting and dismantling the filament formwork, the surface is very clean and there is no damage, so it can be reused.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of a torrent control structure using customized tetrapods on the forest water quality conservation and management. The study was conducted in the Honggye valley located in Sanchung-gun, Gyungsangnam-do, and stream water quality was compared before and after construction of torrent control structure. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, pH of stream water didn't get out of the range of River water quality standard class I. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, Dissolved Oxygen concentration didn't change, and Electrical Conductivity measurements agreed well within the range of normal clean stream water quality. After construction of the torrent control structure using customized tetrapods, average of total amount of anion was 3.07/2.30~3.60 mg/L, being slightly greater than before construction. Stream water quality after construction of the torrent control structure was similar to before construction. Therefore, it was find out that the torrent control structure didn't affect stream water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.153-160
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• 2021

Nitrous oxide is a global warming substance and is known as the main cause of the destruction of the ozone layer because its global warming effect is 310 times stronger than carbon dioxide, and it takes 120 years to decompose. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the characteristics of NOx emission from N2O reduction by thermal decomposition of N2O. Bunsen premixed flames were adopted as a heat source to form a high-temperature flow field, and the experimental variables were nozzle exit velocity, co-axial velocity, and N2O dilution rate. NO production rates increased with increasing N2O dilution rates, regardless of nozzle exit velocities and co-axial flow rates. For N2O, large quantities were emitted from a stable premixed flame with suppressed combustion instability (Kelvin Helmholtz instability) because the thermal decomposition time is not sufficient with the relatively short residence time of N2O near the flame surface. Thus, to improve the reduction efficiency of N2O, it is considered effective to increase the residence time of N2O by selecting the nozzle exit velocities, where K-H instability is generated and formed a flow structure of toroidal vortex near the flame surface.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

It is a study for the evaluation of the stability of the distribution automation system for the expansion of renewable energy. Through the Renewable Energy 3020 Implementation Plan, the government plans to expand new renewable energy and convert it to participatory energy that improves the quality of life of the people by 2030. The government has set a target of 20% of domestic supply energy for renewable energy generation by 2030. It is planning to establish more than 95 percent of its new facilities with clean energy such as solar power and wind power. By expanding the supply of renewable energy, new energy businesses and distributed power industry were fostered, and short-distance, low-voltage, and small-scale power generation were rapidly expanded rather than large-scale power development in the past. Due to this demand, the importance of power distribution facility operation has emerged and the need for distribution automation system is increasing. This paper discusses the development of a power distribution simulator for the performance and function evaluation of power distribution automation systems and presents the results of an interlocking test with the power distribution automation system. In order to introduce an advanced system into the power distribution system, it is necessary to take advantage of the transmission and distribution system. The DNP3.0 protocol is used in the distribution system and the IEC61850 protocol is used in the transmission and distribution system. It was concluded that the functions and performance of operations were satisfied when these two protocols are mixed and used in the distribution automation system.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.575-581
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• 2022

Brown rats (Rattus norvegicusBerkenhout, 1769) were eradicated from Sasudo Island (33°55'13.04" N, 126°38'19.98" E), an uninhabited island designated as Natural Monument No. 333 and the largest breeding site for the streaked shearwater (Calonectris leucomelasTemminck, 1835) in South Korea. Twelve eradication studies were conducted from November 2015 to February 2021. The survey was conducted using a line census method that entailed slow wandering throughout the island and identifying starting and returning points. Capture traps were installed around traces of Rattus norvegicus,such as excrement and identified holes. As a result, 2 to 6 individuals were captured at each instance, except for the last time, when no individuals were captured. It is hypothesized that brown rats arrived at Sasudo Island via vessels arriving at the island for leisure and fishing. After the damage to streaked shearwater caused by brown rats was confirmed in 2006, entry to Sasudo Island was strictly prohibited through security measures, and marine clean-up programs that began in 2013 and continuous capturing since 2015 have been successful in eradicating brown rats. To maintain and manage the condition in Sasudo Island, preservation and management measures, such as strict visitor control, are necessary to prevent the inflow of new brown rats in the future.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

Recently, the image processing industry has been activated as deep learning-based technology is introduced in the image recognition and detection field. With the development of deep learning technology, learning model vulnerabilities for adversarial attacks continue to be reported. However, studies on countermeasures against poisoning attacks that inject malicious data during learning are insufficient. The conventional countermeasure against poisoning attacks has a limitation in that it is necessary to perform a separate detection and removal operation by examining the training data each time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a technique for reducing the attack success rate by applying modifications to the training data and inference data without a separate detection and removal process for the poison data. The One-shot kill poison attack, a clean label poison attack proposed in previous studies, was used as an attack model. The attack performance was confirmed by dividing it into a general attacker and an intelligent attacker according to the attacker's attack strategy. According to the experimental results, when the proposed defense mechanism is applied, the attack success rate can be reduced by up to 65% compared to the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.412-419
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• 2023

Anion exchange membrane electrolysis is considered a promising next-generation hydrogen production technology that can produce low-cost, clean hydrogen. However, anion exchange membrane electrolysis technology is in its early stages of development and requires intensive research on electrodes, which are a key component of the catalyst-system interface. In this study, we optimized the pressure conditions of the hot-pressing process to manufacture cobalt oxide electrodes for the development of a high uniformity and high adhesion electrode production process for the oxygen evolution reaction. As the pressure increased, the reduction of pores within the electrode and increased densification of catalytic particles led to the formation of a uniform electrode surface. The cobalt oxide electrode optimized for pressure conditions exhibited improved catalytic activity and durability. The optimized electrode was used as the anode in an AEMWE single cell, exhibiting a current density of 1.53 A cm^-2 at a cell voltage of 1.85 V. In a durability test conducted for 100 h at a constant current density of 500 mA cm^-2, it demonstrated excellent durability with a low degradation rate of 15.9 mV kh^-1, maintaining 99% of its initial performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1580-1588
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• 2023

The desire for clear and clean skin is universal among both men and women. Women, in particular, seek the help of foundation to achieve beautiful and transparent skin. The choice of foundation is not determined by the race of an individual; instead, it varies based on personal skin color and undertone. Therefore, there is a need to surpass the stereotype of using foundation colors based on racial discrimination. The purpose of this study is to randomly select cosmetics brands from Korea, China, Japan, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, considering the impact of each photo, environment, and equipment. The objective is to understand the differences in skin tones in foundation advertisement model images on websites. Analyzing the RGB values of foundation colors for each brand revealed that in Korea, the colors were 8.75R, 1.25YR, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, and 6.25YR. Chinese brands showed similar colors with 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 10YR. Japanese brands displayed colors such as 7.5R, 8.75R, 10R, 5YR, 6.25YR, and 7.5YR. American brands presented colors like 6.25R, 8.75R, 10R, 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 5YR, 6.25YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR. French brands featured 10R, 1.25YR, 3.75YR, 5YR. Lastly, British brands displayed 2.5YR, 3.75YR, 7.5YR. As a follow-up study, in-depth research on the reshaping and color changes of foundation over time is recommended. It is hoped that this research will serve as fundamental data for makeup companies' marketing and contribute to the development of both domestic and international color cosmetics markets.