• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.716-721
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate the serum cholesterol level of patients who visited Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University to predict stroke, in Korea. In the time of period June 15th 2009 to June 20th 2009, 45 patients visited Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University to check the risk of stroke. We checked their blood to find out the serum cholesterol level and investigated their past history according to Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Male has higher risk of coronary heart disease than the female. The average of the total serum cholesterol of the participants was lower than the average of Korean. The percentage of the participants who have less HDL-cholesterol than 40 mg/dL was 33.3% and this result is less than the average percentage of Korean. Only 8.9% of the participants were placed in group who need to use lipid-lowering drug to reduce the lipoprotein density. Checking the characters of the person is necessary to use lipid-lowering drugs. This study can be the baseline data of actual condition of serum cholesterol level.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2019

Fermented milk has been developed with its functionalities, and its health-promoting ability has been spotlighted due to its relationship with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and gut microbiota. As national burden of cardiovascular disease increases over time, there is a need to prevent hypercholesterolemia. To achieve that, gut microbiota, which is altered by host's diet and environment, plays important roles in lowering cholesterol in the blood. Moreover, fermented milk may be effective as a cholesterol-lowering agent by altering gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota may alter not only functions of the fermented milk but also bio-accessibility of functional materials. These results suggested that gut microbiota composition influences the impact of fermented milk. Thus, we should understand how functional materials are degraded by gut microbiota and absorbed into the gut.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.674-678
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• 2006

발아현미의 섭취에 의한 흰쥐의 비만억제 및 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 조사하기 위하여 대조군, 백미군, 현미군, 발아현미군의 4가지 처리군으로 나누어 흰쥐에 고지방, 고콜레스테롤 식이를 공급하면서 5주간 사육후 효과를 비교하였다. 체중의 경우 모든 처리군에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 발아현미군에서 5주 경과후의 체중에서 $471.2{\pm}17.8\;g$으로 가장 작은 값을 나타내었다. 체중증가량과 식이효율의 경우에도 발아현미군이 각각 $310.6{\pm}14.7\;g$과 $41.8{\pm}2.0%$로 유의적인 수준은 아니지만 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 혈중 중성지질 및 콜레스테롤의 경우 발아 현미군은 5주 경과시 각각 $54.0{\pm}23.4\;mg/dL$, $64.8{\pm}14.7\;mg/dL$로 백미군, 현미군에 비해 크게 낮을 뿐만 아니라 부고환지방, 신장 지방 중량에서도 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 간의 총 지질과 총 콜레스테롤에서 발아현미군은 $216.3{\pm}35.7\;mg/g$ liver 와 $16.5{\pm}0.7\;mg/g$ liver로 기타 처리군에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 변의 총 지질, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질에서도 각각 $165.0{\pm}22.2\;mg/g$ feces, $26.5{\pm}2.7\;mg/g$ feces, 3.4 mg/g feces로 기타 처리군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.726-732
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• 2020

Indonesian kefir grains are potential sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that may act as probiotics with specific functional properties. In this study we explored the potential of the probiotic and cholesterol-lowering effect of LAB isolated from Indonesian kefir grains obtained from Bogor, Bandung, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. The results revealed that 10 isolates showed considerable survivability at low pH and bile salt with total cell reduction of ~3 log colony-forming units per milliliter after exposure to pH 2.5 and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt for 1 and 3 h, respectively. All strains exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and were sensitive to a wide spectrum of antibiotics but exhibited weak bile salt hydrolase activity. Identification based on 16S RNA suggested that nine isolates were Lactobacillus kefiri and one was Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The ability of the isolates to reduce cholesterol from the media varied, ranging from 22.08% to 68.75% with the highest reduction shown by L. kefiri JK17. The ability to remove cholesterol from the media decreased greatly in resting and dead cells, ranging from 14.58% to 22.08% in resting cells and from 7.89% to 18.17% in dead cells. It can be concluded that Indonesian kefir grains contain LAB potentially acting as probiotics capable of reducing cholesterol. The cholesterol-lowering effect especially occurs when the cells are metabolically active.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of chemical and sensory properties and cholesterol lowering effect of milk treated with $\beta$-cyclodextrin to reduce cholesterol and supplemented with evening primrose oil (EPO). The average cholesterol removal rate was 93.5%. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) absorbance increased proportionally to storage period and amount of EPO addition. TBA absorbance was significantly different in the EPO-added groups from that in unadded groups in all periods. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with longer period of storage. From 6 days of storage, the amounts of short-chain FFA in 6 and 10% EPO-added groups were significantly different from other groups. The scores for all sensory characteristics indicated that sensory quality decreased with both storage time and increasing amount of EPO. Oxidative off-flavor and off-taste were more intense with higher amounts of EPO addition and longer storage period. Also, the higher the amount of EPO addition, the lower overall scores throughout the 15 day storage. Feeding 10% EPO-supplemented cholesterol-reduced milk increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) in male Sprague-Dawley rats by 76%, which is significantly different from the control (27%).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

췌장에서 분비되는 cholesterol esterase(CEase)와 소장의 acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT)는 흡수된 콜레스테롤을 다시 ester화하는데 관여한다. 한방재료 중 건위, 진토 및 수렴지사작용 등을 가지는 초두구(Alpiniae Katusumadaii Semen)의 에탄올 추출물이 in vitro에서 cholesterol esterase활성에 대하여 강한 저해작용을 보였으며 에탄올추출물의 용매분획 중 클로로포름분획이 다른 분획들, 즉 에틸 아세테이트분획, 부탄올분획 및 물 분획보다 강하였다. 초두구의 클로로포름분획이 고 콜레스테롤식이를 섭취시킨 rat에서 혈중 콜레스테롤치를 저하시키는 효과가 있는지 측정한 실험에서 chloroform분획을 100 mg/kg 및 150 mg/kg 섭취시켰을 경우 각각 총cholesterol 함량이 11.8% 및 20.8% 감소하였으며 HDL-cholesterol 함량 및 동맥경화지수는 정상군에 가깝게 회복된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 초두구 chloroform분획의 독성검사 결과 mouse에서 $LD_{50}$은 1,625mg/kg으로 산출되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1999

We previously showed that a methanol extract of Paeoniae radix decreased total cholesterol level in rats with hyperlipidemia. In order to isolate the active ingredient(s), the methanol extract of Paeoniae radix was fractionated with chloroform/methanol(4:1) solution and isolate into soluble part and insoluble part of the the methanol extract. Above two parts were tested on the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats for the lowering effect of serum lipoprotein contents. Hyperlipidemia was induced on male Wistar rats by feeding high choleserol diet for 7 days. After oral administration of above samples for 4 weeks, serum lipid profile was verified on these rats by measuring total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The chloroform/methanol(4:1) soluble part and insolule part showed lowering activity of total cholesterol level and triglyceride level at 4 week point significantly(p<0.01 and p<0.05) compare with the control group and the soluble part was more effective.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.702-708
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• 2005

잣의 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 동물실험을 통하여 확인하기 위하여 기본식이(정상군), 기본식이에 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 식이(대조군), 그리고 기본식이에 콜레스테롤과 여러 농도의 잣을 함유한 실험식이(실험군)를 각 군별로 섭취하게 한 결과 잣의 농도에 따른 식이섭취량과 체중변화량의 유의적인 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 식이효율은 저농도로 잣을 섭취한 경우에는 대조군과 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 10% 이상의 고농도의 잣을 섭취한 경우에는 식이효율이 높았다. 본 연구에 사용한 농노범위(1-20%)에서는 잣 섭취에 의해 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화지수가 감소하는 효과가 나타나지 않았으며 이는 잣에 함유된 다량의 지방이 섭취됨으로써 잣이 지니는 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 감쇄하였기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 잣 성분이 HMG-CoA reductase와 cholesterol esterase의 저해활성을 지니는지 확인하기 위하여 hexane과 물을 사용하여 잣 성분을 추출한 후 각 추출물에 대한 HMG-CoA reductase와 cholesterol esterase의 저해활성을 측정한 결과 잣의 hexane 추출물은 66%의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성을 지니고 있었으며 물 추출물은 저해활성을 나타내지 않았다. 한편 잣의 hexane 추출물과 물 추출물은 cholesterol esterase에 대한 저해활성은 지니고 있지 않았다. 결론적으로 혈중 콜레스테롤의 함량 저하효과는 가공하지 않은 잣의 섭취에 의해서는 기대하기 어려우므로, 향후 잣의 hexane 추출물 중의 유용성분이 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량 저하효과를 지니는지에 대한 동물실험을 수행할 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2002

췌장에서 분비되는 콜레스테롤 에스터레이즈(pCEase)와 소장의 acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)는 흡수된 콜레스테롤을 다시 ester화하는데 관여한다. 한방재료 중 순환촉진작용 및 건위작용 등을 가지는 계피(Cinnamomi cortex)의 에탄올 추출물이 in vitro에서 pCEase 활성에 대하여 강한 저해작용을 보였으며 에탄올 추출물의 용매분획 중 클로로포름분획이 다른 분획들, 즉 에틸 아세테이트분획, 부탄올분획 및 물 분획보다 저해활성이 강하였다. 계피의 클로로포름분획이 고콜레스테롤식 이를 섭취시킨 rat에서 혈중 콜레스테롤치를 저하시키는 효과가 있는지 측정한 실험에서 클로로포름분획을 150 mg/kg 섭취시켰을 경우 고콜레스테롤식이만은 투여한 대조군에 비하여 총cholesterol 함량이 25.1% 감소하였으며, HDL-cholesterol 함량도 33.4$\pm$1.82 g/dl로 정상군 수준으로 회복되었고 동맥경화지수 역시 현저하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 생합성에 관여하는 효소인 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 측정한 결과, 고콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 감소되었던 활성이 계피 클로로포름분획의 투여량을 증가시킬수록 증가하였으나 150 mg/kg 투여군 에서도 정상군에 비하여 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 또한 계피 클로로포름분획의 독성검사 결과, mouse에서 LD$_{50}$ 은 1,300 mg/kg으로 산출되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Lumbricus pharmacopuncture (LP) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rat fed high fat diet. Methods : Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and experimental groups were divided into 4 groups as follows : Control, Lumbricus Jungwan ($CV_{12}$) pharmacopuncture (T I), Lumbricus Joksamni ($ST_{36}$) pharmacopuncture (T II), Lumbricus Jungwan ($CV_{12}$) and Joksamni ($ST_{36}$) pharmacopuncture (T III). Results : The levels of plasma FFA, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, TBARS, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and liver total cholesterol, TG, TBARS, SOD, catalase, IL-6 in more than one LP group were significantly lower than those of Control groups. The level of IL-10 in one of LP groups was significantly higher than that of Control group. Conclusions : As the results were shown, LP treatment have considerable effects on lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in rat fed high fat diet.