• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1987

This study was performed as a part of survey for the operation and interim evaluation of the on-going pilot project of community health in Jeomdong-Myon, Yeoju-Gun, Kyunggi-Province since 1982. Seven Villages (Ri) were selected purposively for the survey from a total of 26 villages in Jeomdong-Myon, target area, under the consideration of the socio-economic background and the distribution of health resources. The target population was the women in age group of 15-44 years in that area and a total of 156 women were interviewed. This study was done by the interview survey using questionnaire which was composed with questions about MCH and FP. The results were as follows; 1) ln the status of maternal health, (1) the proportion of receiving antenatal care was relatively high (67.1%) in this area, but the starting time of antenatal care was delayed to 7 months or more of gestational period in 22 percent. Therefore some intervention would be necessary for advancing the time of antenatal care. (2) The proportion of home delivery was decreased according to the rank of birth-order. And more than 50 percent of delivery attendants were mothers-in-law or neighbors. The fact indicates that the health education for non-professional delivery attendents would be necessary for improving home delivery and the content of education would be preferable to focussing to the method of hygienic delivery attending. (3) The comprehensive health service and education would be recommended for the postnatal care, because of the extremely low rate of postnatal care in this area. 2) In the status of child health, (1) the pro-portion of breast feeding was 90.2 percent, and the weaning started after 12 months of birth in 12.7 percent. This indicates the necessity of education about the weaning program. (2) The proportion of completed basic vaccination was 39.6% and the main reason of missing vaccination was poor accessibility in terms of time. For that, the supply of vaccine to primary health care units (health subcenters) should be continuous, not infrequent nor occassional. 3) The proportion of respondants who were using contraceptive methods currently was 79.8 percent and in 44.7 percent they accepted the permanent contraceptive methods. Those results are distinct in this area. But it seems a serious health problem that 53.2 percent of respondants were experienced the induced abortion for birth control.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2001

본 연구는 생태계 이론에 근거하여 비계획적인 청소년기 성행동의 위험 요인을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 1996년 9월 12월까지 13~18세 연령 범위의 청소년 2326명에게 설문을 실시하였다. 미혼모 보호소에 있는 대상을 제외하였을때 응답자외 8.8%가 과거 성행동 경험이 있다고 보고하였다. 그 글 남자는 13.4% 여자는 5.0%로서 남자가 2.7배 더 많았고 13세(3.2%)보다 18세(19.2%)에서 약 6배 더 많았다. 연령과 성별을 맞추어 성행동 경험군과 비경험군을 비교한 결과 다섯가지의 위험요인이 발견되었다. 첫째 개인요소로서 자신의 잠재된 능력에 대한 고려가 부족하고 음주, 흡연, 약물 복용, 가출등의 경력이 있거나 포르노에 노출된 경우 그리고 자신이 성에 대해서 많이 알고 있다고 생각하는 것들이 포함된다. 둘째 요인은 가족 요인으로서, 가족의 중요성을 덜 느끼고 가족의 지시를 덜 받는 경우, 수입이 높고 평균보다 많거나 적은 경우 등이 포함된다. 셋째 요인은 또래 문제로써, 친구들이 실제보다 더 많은 문제 행동을 하고 있다고 믿는 경향이 포함된다. 넷째, 학교 요인으로는 학교의 중요성을 느끼지 못하고 학업 능력이 좋지 않을 경우에 성행동 위험이 높아졌다. 자아가 형성되는 시기인 사춘기에 예기치 않은 성행동을 예방하기 위해서는 가족관계와 학교생활에 주목해야 하며, 본 연구에서 밝혀진 위험 요인들이 향후 성행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 전향적 연구가 필요하다고 할수 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.628-638
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• 2002

The handicapped frequently suffer from inappropriate food intake often resulting in overweightness, malnutrition, and poor growth and development. Our study was done on 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attending a special education school in Seoul. We administered questionnaire surveys and 3-day dietary recalls of the subjects, with help when needed from their stay-at home or their care-giving teachers. The questionnaires covered the general characteristics and dietary behaviors of the subjects. The degrees of handicap of the 142 children ranged from the trainable (54.9%), the educable (31.0%), and the non-trainable (14.1%). Of the children studied, 70.4% had ‘breakfast always’, which was higher than normal. Appetites were highest in the Down's Syndrome group. We found that the more serious the handicap, the higher the breakfast eating ratio and appetite level. The main reason for their missing breakfast differed according to the handicap level: ‘late rising’in the educable and non-trainable groups but ‘no appetite’in the trainable group. Most of the children (52.2%) spent less than 20 minutes eating their meals, the parents described their children's dietary habit problems as a pica (22:3%) or overeating (17.3%) , and they indicated that teaching the children how to use spoons and chopsticks (33.1%) was the most stressful. Actually more than 85% of the subjects could not use chopsticks, and skill of using cutlery was significantly different according to the degree of handicap. The food preference for milk products was the highest. It was interesting that the handicapped who had serious food pica didn't like food groups such as grains/starches, meats/fishes/eggs/beans or vegetables/fruits.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of obese school children's life style habits in order to help school nurse in controlling and preventing the obesity by health education The survey group is extracted from the students of two elementary schools located in Seongnam city Out of 280 children randomly sampled, 102 children were evaluated to be obese and 178 ones to be normal by the standard of the 1985 Korea Pediatric Association Height and Weight Standard Chart The obese children group was compared with the normal one. For this purpose, the surveyors designed a self questionnaire to obtain the description of general background, exercise including play behavior, eating behavior, and family environment of the sampled children. The results are as follows The number of the obese children who took extracurricular physical exercises was significantly (p<0.05) more than that of the normal ones The significantly (p<0.05) more obese children went without a meal to control their weight than the normal ones. In relation to the degree of obesity, the children with the high degree of obesity watched the television significantly (p<0.05) longer than the ones with the mild and the moderate degree of obesity In gender relations, the obese girls participate in outdoorplays and physical exercises significantly (p<0.05) longer and more regularly than the normal ones, while no significant difference was found between the male groups The obese boys had significantly (p<0.05) their mothers occupying in a vocation. Combining television watching habit and mother's vocation of the obese boy, the obesity is resulted from complicated situation It can not be due to the simple absence of the mother, but rather due to the absence of a person responsible for controlling snacking and television watching time of the child Looking at the results, it is necessary for both school and home to actively involve in guiding children and providing an environment to modify life style habits and prevent childhood obesity.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2016

This study investigates the mediation effects of adult children's ambivalence for elderly parents in the relation of psychological well-being of middle aged children with dependence and the intrusiveness of elderly parents that examines the difference of mediation effects by children's gender. We collected data from 659 middle aged children of 40 to 59 years old who have living mother or father. The main findings are as follows. First, there were mediation effects of ambivalence for elderly parents in the relation between psychological well-being of middle aged children and dependency and intrusiveness of elderly parents. The perceived dependence and intrusiveness of elderly parents had a positive influence on the ambivalence of middle aged childen for their elderly parents. Ambivalence for elderly parents had a negative effect on the psychological well-being of middle aged children. In addition, the dependence and intrusiveness of elderly parents did not directly influence the psychological well-being of middle aged children. Second, the mediation effect of ambivalence for elderly parents indicated a gender difference of middle aged children. The dependence of elderly parents affected the ambivalence for elderly parents in the woman group and the intrusiveness of elderly parents only affected ambivalence for elderly parents in the man group. The results were discussed in terms of gender difference.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.372-383
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• 1998

For the purpose to analysis the characteristics of traffic accidents(TA) and investigate the relationship between traffic accidents and children attention problem rating scale(CAP) and, family environment scale(FES), this questionnaire survey was conducted to the 16 primary school students in Taejon from July 14 to August 26, 1997. The number of study subjects who had an experience of traffic accidents from July 1, 1996 to June 30, 1997 were 195, and the number of control sujects were 512. The main results were as follows; 1. The traffic accident rates was 0.9% as a whole, but those were 1.4% in boys, 0.7% in girls, 1.3% in low (1st-3rd) grade, and 0.8% in high (4th-6th) grade. 2. The rates of traffic accidents were high in spring, friday, afternoon and a drive-way around home. TA occurred during walking with friends most frequently. 3. In CAP the score of inattention was lower in TA group than control group, and hyperactivity was higher in TA group but they didn't showed significantly different. In FES, cohesion score was higher in TA group than control group, but Conflict score and Expressiveness score were in control group, but they didn't showed significantly different. 4. In CAP the odds ratio of inattention score for TA group was 0.84, but that of hyperactivity score was 1.15. In FES, the odds ratio of cohesion score was 1.06, but that of expression score and conflict score was 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. In conclusion, the relationships between TA and CAP, TA and FES in this study were not clear to explain personal characteristics and environmental conditions.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.594-602
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behaviors related to snack and self-purchasing snack (SPS) among elementary school children. Self-administered questionnairs were completed by 352, 5th and 6th grade elementary school students living in 3 different regions which included apartment region in Bundangn, Sungnam (apartment group, n=116), residences in Seodaemun-Gu and Mapo-Gu, Seoul (kang-buk group, n=103) and residence in industrial region in Sungnam (industry group, n=133). The results were as follows: A significantly higher proportion (64.7%) of the apartment group had breakfast every morning than those of kang-buk (48.6%) or industry (52.1%) group (p<0.01). As for the frequency rate of snack and self-purchasing snack (SPS), 53.9% of the subjects answered taking snack more than once per day, 22.8%, once for few days and 23.3%, almost not. However, 15.5% of the subject had SPS once or more per day, 30.7%, 1-2 times per week and 22.4%, almost not. Those of apartment group showed significantly lower SPS frequencies (p<0.01), since higher proportions answered having SPS 1-2times per week (40.9%) and almost not (31.3%) compared to other groups. The reasons for having SPS turned out to be 'hunger' 54.7%, 'being habitual', 15.9%, 'bing bored', 15.7% and 'with peers' 13.7%. When subjects selected SPS foods, they considered taste (31.5%), price (23.0%), mood at the time (14.1%), sanitorial aspect (10.2%) and quantity (10.1%) rather than nutritional aspect (7.2%). Subjects' pocket money was estimated as 3736 won per week and SPS expense per time as 706 won. But subjects who spent more than 2000 won for SPS expense were significantly higher (33.0%) in apartment group than those of other groups (p<0.01). The favorite snack items that subjects having at home were fruit, ice cream, milk and yoghurt, cookies, ramen and bread in order. And favorite SPS items turned out to be ice cream, cookies, duckbokki, frozen bars, gum, chocholate and candy in order. The frequency rate of SPS were evaluated to be significantly related by several variables: those living in apartment area (p<0.01), those taking breakfast regularly (p<0.01), those of normal weight status by Rohrer index (p<0.05) and those receiving less pocket money (p<0.01) showed lower SPS frequency rate.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1998

Burns in children result in the loss of precious life, or if the child survives, in much suffering from physical, emotional, social, and economic problems. These burn accidents to children happen in the bustle of family life and frequently without any warning. With this background information, this study was designed to identity types of burns in children and mothers' attitudes towards, and knowledge of burn prevention, in order, to not only, in still a safety consciousness regarding the seriousness of burn accidents and the strengthening prevention, but also as basic data towards the development of an educational program aimed at prevention. From May 1 to May 25 in 1997, data were collected from the mothers of children attending five day care centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, which had been selected for the study. The tools used for the study, which were developed by the researchers, surveyed the type of burns suffered by children, mothers' knowledge of burns and attitudes toward burn accidents. The data were analyzed through real numbers percentages and analysis was done using SPSS computer programs. The results of the study show that the most frequent type of burn accidents were those caused by hot water(55.4%) and these were frequently related to everyday habits that easily lead to danger. Further, the first aid treatment following a burn was weak. The majority of the mothers had not instructed their children on who to contact in the case of a fire, first aid for burns, or how to take escape in the case of a fire. This left the children in a defenseless position in case of a fire. The mothers showed a lack knowledge, on what to do when a blaze is discovered, how to put out a fire, first aid for burns, escaping from a fire and appropriate water temperature, in that 50% of the time they answered incorrectly. From this study a prevention program, HIPP (Home Injury Prevention Program) could be developed that includes fire prevention habits and first aid for burns. This program can be used with kindergarten and elementary school children for group education on fire prevention and can be used as a foundation for construction of a system of facilities and equipment to prevent fires and also prevent injury from fires.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2015

Objectives: Based on individual and environmental characteristics of low-income children, we developed a nutrition education program for school-aged children from low-income families according to effective use in social welfare centers. Methods: We conducted in-depth group interviews to assess program needs in 28 participants, 10 low-income school-aged children and 9 of their care givers, 9 social workers and 9 care-givers. Theoretical backgrounds of our program were heath belief model and social cognitive theory considering motivation, action and environment characteristics. Results: Based on the findings of this qualitative study, we developed major program themes and contents. Five selected key themes were 'balanced diet', 'processed food', 'food hygiene and safety', 'Korean healthy traditional diet', and 'family cooking' to induce changes in dietary behaviors. Main findings of in-depth group interviews included 'child's active participation', 'simple and easy to understand messages', and 'environmental constraints' such as a lack of child care at home, limited budget of social welfare centers, and less qualified educators for nutrition and health. Each lesson was constructed as a 1-hour program particularly emphasizing activity-based programs, including cooking and teamwork exercises. Program contents in each session consisted of activities that could induce outcome and value expectations, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and barriers and cues to actions regarding diet behavior. Conclusions: We developed a nutrition education programthat is rarely available for low-income children in Korea, considering theoretical bases. Further studies are needed to validate our program.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제7호
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• pp.233-285
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• 2004

‘Defined legally as a violation of law' (Sutherland, E. H. Principles of Criminology, Lippincott, Chicago, 1939) Crime within the group is essentially and primarily antisocial in that the criminal who is welfare of his group acts instead against it and breaks the principles of social solidarity not merely by not doing what these principles prescribe, but by doing something exactly opposites. Any program set up to attack crime and delinquent behavior at their sources. A program of his nature needs the constant and comprehensive collaboration of psychiatrists, social works, educations, lawmakers, and public officials, since crime is a social problem and it should be treated as such. Some crime preventives which should be mentioned are as follows, (1) The insurance that every child will be decently born and that his home life be socially and economically adequate; without socially mature parents the chid is handicapped at the start; thus parental education, integrated with the public school system, should be developed now. (2) A more meaningful educational program which would emphasize ideals of citizenship, moral integrity, and respect for the law and the police. (3) A periodic check made for potential delinquents throughout the public schools and treatment provided if possible; and if not, proper segregation in institutions. (4) Careful attention paid to press, movies, and radio so that crime may no longer appear to be glamorous. This can be done by women's clubs, civic bodies, and other educational groups exerting pressure on the movie syndicates and broadcasting companies to free their productions of the tawdry and lurid characteristics of crime and criminals. Aggression associated with the phallic stage of development, The child ordinarily comprehends sexual intercourse as an aggressive and sadistic act on the part of the male, and specifically on the part of the penis. Evidence that the penis is phantasied as a weapon of violence and destruction come from unconscious productions of normal adults. Limerick, for instance, often refer to the penis as square, or too large, etc., so that intercourse is dangerous and painful for the partner, This may wall be a projection of the male's own fear of coitus. A certain portion of the death-instinct always remains within the person; it is called 'primal sadism' and according to Freud is identical with masochism. 'After the chief part of it(the death instinct) has been directed outwards towards objects, there remains as a residuum within the organism the true erotogenic masochism, which on the one hand becomes a component of the libido and on the other still has the subject itself for a object.' Criminalism, compulsive-neurotic frequent repetition of criminal acts in a compulsive manner. Like most symptoms of the compulsive-neurotic, such antisocial act are closely rated to feelings of hostility and aggression, often against the father. Because these acts are symptomatic, they afford only temporary relief and are therefore repeated. One patient with compulsive-neurotic criminalism was apprehended after breaking into hardware store and stealing money. He later confessed to many similar incidents over the preceding two years. At the same time it was apparent that he stole only for the sake of stealing. He did not need the money he thus obtained and had no special plans for using it.