• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

This experiment was designated to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various concentrations of oriental herbal natural extract, Galla Rhois (GR), on growth performance and meat quality on broiler chickens. A total of 80 two-day-old broiler chicks were randomly designated to four groups, GR 0% diet (control), GR 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%-treated diet, composed 20 chicks and fed a standard diet supplemented with GR and monitored the growth performance every 5 days during 30 days. Body weight gain (BWG) in all treated groups was increased compared to control group during overall period, showing significant (P<0.05) increase in GR 0.25% and 0.50% independent on concentration, though all group represented a similar level of feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR). In analysis of the crude proteins and fatty acid composition in leg and breast meats in control, GR 0.10% and GR 0.50%, there was no significant difference for crude proteins and fatty acid composition in leg meats among 3 groups. Whereas the crude proteins and fatty acid composition in breast meat in GR 0.50% showed significantly higher than those of control (P<0.05). Furthermore, the composition of a-linoleic acid (C18:3n-3) and conjugated linoleic acid, which are known as anticancer and antioxidative fatty acids, are higher than those of control. These results demonstrate that Galla Rhois appears to improve growth performance, feed efficiency and meat quality on broiler chickens, focusing on potential use as a dietary supplement.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2021

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of different feed withdrawal periods (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h) on Salmonella contamination in the crop, intestinal weight, and blood parameters of broilers before harvesting. A total of 100 broilers (initial live weight 1.906±0.06 kg) were randomly assigned to the same five treatment groups and broilers had access to water but no feed before catching. Feed withdrawal times were 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h prior to slaughter. Measurements included live weight, pre-slaughter weight, carcass weight, weight of gastrointestinal tract. In addition, Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in the crop, serum biochemical profiles, counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets, and meat quality were assessed. The results demonstrate that carcass weight, blood corticosterone, meat pH, meat color, and water holding capacity did not differ based on the feed withdrawal time. Carcass yield increased as the withdrawal time increased, but the weights of the crop, proventriculus, jejunum, ileum, and rectum were significantly reduced by 6 h (P<0.05). Salmonella counts were the lowest in the crops subjected to 6 h of feed withdrawal (P<0.05). Shear force was highest in chicken breast meat after 6 h of feed withdrawal (P<0.05). However, when the feed was withdrawn after 6 h, the shear force increased, but it did not affect the sensory characteristics in consumers, and the Salmonella count also decreased and had a reduction effect on contamination during slaughter. These findings can serve as reference data for setting the feed withdrawal time.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

The present study was performed to assess the worth of using the by products for seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum) ethanol production process (SEPPB) as broiler feeds. For this purpose, 225 broiler chicks (white mini broilers) were used as experimental animals. The control (Control group) was fed with the broiler feeds. 5% mixture (5% SEPPB group) was fed with a 5% SEPPB mixture feeds, and the 10% mixture (10% SEPPB group) was fed with a 10% SEPPB group mixture feeds. The experiment was repeated for five times and 15 birds were assigned in each experiment and the experimental period was five weeks. There was no difference in the rate of weight gain until the second week of the 5% SEPPB group and 10% SEPPB group. However, the weight gain rate was increased to 6.2% for the 5% SEPPB group and 11.4% for the 10% SEPPB group as compared to the Control group at the third weeks of the experimental period. There was no statistical significant difference in terms of feed FCR and feed intake. Analyses of the quality of chicken breasts showed that pH was 2.5% higher in the 5% SEPPB group and 2.3% higher in the 10% SEPPB group. Shearing force was 31.3% lower in the 5% SEPPB group and 14.7% lower in the 10% SEPPB group, while heating loss was 14.4% lower for 5% SEPPB group and 10% SEPPB group when compared to the Control group. No significant differences were observed in terms of moisture, protein, and crude ash components in chicken breast analyses. However, crude fat was 36.8% higher in the 5% SEPPB group when compared to the Control group (P<0.05). Analyses of fatty acid in chicken breast meat showed that stearic acid was significantly higher in the 10% SEPPB group (P<0.05) and linolenic acid was significantly higher in 5% SEPPB group and 10% SEPPB group in comparison to the Control group (P<0.05). Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in blood serum was 44% higher in the 5% SEPPB group and 36% higher in the 10% SEPPB group (P<0.05). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was similar in both the Control and the 5% SEPPB group, but it was 62% higher in the 10% SEPPB group in comparison to the Control group (P<0.05). Analyses of serum chemical values revealed that albumin was the highest in the 5% SEPPB group, followed by the Control group and then 10% SEPPB group.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

In this study, viability, growth performance and egg production performance were investigated to determine the productive characteristics of 12 Korean domestic chicken varieties which have been collected and conserved for over 25 years in National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea. The 1,134 hens were tested and their production traits including survival rate, body weight, age at first egg laying, hen-day and hen-housed egg production, egg weight, and egg quality were measured. Survival rate was the highest in Korean Rhode-D and Korean Native Chicken (KNC) White and the lowest in Korean Cornish Brown (92.2% and 54.3%, respectively). Body weights from 4 to 50 wks were consistently high in the order of Korean Cornish, Korean Rhode, KNC, Korean Ogye, and Korean Leghorn breeds. There was no significant difference in weight between varieties within a breed. Age at first egg laying was the shortest in Korean Leghorn, while it was the longest in Korean Cornish. The hen-day egg production from $1^{st}$ egg to 57 wks was the highest in Korean Leghorn-K, and the lowest in Korean Cornish Brown. Egg weight was the heaviest in Korean Leghorn-F and the lightest in KNC White. The Haugh unit was the highest in Korean Rhode-C and the lowest in Korean Ogye. Taken together, these results suggest that it is desirable that the Korean Cornish variety is improved as the Korean meat breed because of its excellent growth ability, the Korean Leghorn variety is improved as the Korean layer breed because of its good laying performance, and the Korean Rhode and KNC varieties are improved as strong viable breeds because of their good survival rate.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.731-740
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate a quality comparison between Chuncheon Dakgalbi made from Korean native chickens (KNC) and that made from commercial broilers. Two Korean native chickens including Woorimatdag (KNCWoori) and Hanhyup3 (KNC-Hanhyup), and two commercial broilers including grades of 18 (Broiler-18) and 13 (Broiler-13) were slaughtered at 110, 70, 38, and 31 d of ages. Chuncheon dalkalbi was prepared by mixing/dipping the meat in chili pepper sauce; it was then packed with air-packaging (Air-P) and 30% $CO_2$-MAP (0% $O_2$/30% $CO_2$/70% $N_2$), and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 10 d. The results showed that the KNC group had a lower pH but a higher cooking loss compared with the broiler group (p<0.05). In a texture analysis, KNC-Woori had the highest shear force value among the breeds (p<0.05). For the fatty acid composition of the thigh, the KNC-Woori contained more total saturated acids, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, but less total unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid than other breeds (p<0.05). Also, the n6/n3 ratios of the KNC group (19.24 and 16.77) were higher than those of the broiler group (14.02 and 14.77) (p<0.05). The total acceptability scores of Dakgalbi made from the KNC group were decreased by sensory panelists. The Dakgalbi with 30% $CO_2$-MAP delayed the protein deterioration (Volatile basic nitrogen) and lipid oxidation during storage. However, no clear evidence was observed of $CO_2$-MAP on the effect of different chicken materials. It is suggested that 30% $CO_2$-MAP instead of Air-P is used for methods for Chuncheon Dakgalbi. Furthermore, it might be unfavorable to use Korean native chickens as raw material for Chuncheon Dakgalbi from a practical quality point of view.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.183-193
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding the electrolytic materials on blood and carcass traits of broiler during transportation exposed under intense heat condition in summer. The broilers were selected on the day when the outside temperature was about $32^{\circ}C$ to provide heat stressed environment. Broilers reared for 33 d were selected and fed with the electrolytic materials ($NaHCO_3$, NaCl, KCl) for 2 days. Treatments were as follows; feeding the underground water for control, $NaHCO_3$ (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%) for treament 1, KCl (0.5%) + NaCl (0.5%) for treatment 2, KCl (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%) treatment 3, KCl (0.5%) + $NaHCO_3$ (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%) for treatment 4 and KCl (1.0%) + $NaHCO_3$ (1.0%) + NaCl (0.5%) for treament 5. pH of chicken meat increased for treatments group of electrolytic material, especially, that of treatment 3 was highest when compared to the other treatments. The frequency rate (%) of $1^+$ quality grade were 33.3, 60.0 and 83.3% at control, treatment 3, 4 and treatment 5, respectively. Occurrence rates of PSE were 50% for control and 13.3% for treatment 5. Corticosterone increased at the post-harvest period compared to the pre-harvest period of broiler and have small disparity between pre-and post-harvest only except treatment 3 when compared to control. $pCO_2$ partial pressure of blood at the pre-harvest period was low in all treatments by heat stress, the disparity value of control was high for control, and those of treatment 4 and 5 were low compared to other treatments.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.466-471
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented apple pomace (FAP), fermented pear pomace (FPP), fermented orange pomace (FOP), and fermented Angelica keiskei Koidz pomace (FAKP) on performance, shelf life, fatty acid composition and cholesterol in broiler chickens. A total of 600, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) were randomly divided into six groups with four replicates of 30 birds each. There were five treatment groups: control (C), FAP (1.0%, T1), FPP (1.0%, T2), FOP (1.0%, T3), and FAKP (1.0%, T4). The body weight of the broiler chickens fed FAP diet was higher (1,758 g) than the other treatments. There was no difference in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat between all groups at days 1, 3, and 5 of storage, while the FAP-supplemented group displayed lower TBARS values at day 7. There was no significant difference in fatty acid composition between the groups but the cholesterol content of chicken meat was lower than the control groups. These results suggest the possibility that FAP could be used as a functional feed to improvement the quality performance of broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated charcoal mixed with wood vinegar (AC) on broiler performance and antibiotics residue in eggs. In experiment 1, a total of low hundred fifty, 1-day-old male broile. chicks (Ross) were divided into 6 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 25 birds each, and 134 one of the six experimental diets: devoid of AC and antibiotics (negative control), devoid of AC with 0.1% antibiotics (positive control), devoid of antibiotics with 1% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 1% AC, devoid of antibiotics with 2% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 2% AC, for 5 wks. Feed consumption and body weights were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, eight birds from each group were selected and sacrificed. The relative weight of organs and characteristics of breast muscle were investigated. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion rate among the treatments. There were also no significant differences in the relative weight of breast meat, leg and liver. The abdominal fat tended to be decreased by the dietary AC. Significant differences were shown (P<0.05) in meat redness (a) and yellowness (b) among the treatments. However, the sensual characteristics of breast muscle was not affected by the dietary treatments. There were significant differences in total microbes, Coli forms and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05) among the treatments. In experiment 2, a total of ninety, 40-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were divided into 3 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 10 birds each and fed medicated control diet devoid of AC or diets containing 1% AC and 2% AC for 2 wks. The residue of antibiotics in Plasma and egg Yolk were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in 2% AC group compared to that of control. This study suggest that dietary AC may improve the external quality of edible meat and reduced antibiotics residue in chicken eggs without affecting laying performance.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary organic selenium and vitamin E on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and selenium retention in meat of broiler chickens. For each growth phase, the basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), vitamin E 150 IU/kg and the combination of 1.2 ppm Se from selenium yeast (SY) and vitamin E 100, 150, 200 and 300 IU/kg. Weight gain was significantly higher in supplemental control and vitamin E 150 compared to the combination of 1.2 ppm SY and vitamin E 150 IU during day 1 to 21. Feed intake significantly(P<0.05) increased in supplemental vitamin E 150 compared to the combination of 1.2 ppm SY and vitamin E 150 and 200 IU during day 1 to 21. Feed intake was significantly(P<0.05) higher in control compared to that of combination of 1.2 ppm SY and vitamin E 200 IU during day 21 to 35. However feed conversion was not affected in supplemental vitamin E and SY during day 1 to 35. Selenium concentrations of breast muscle and liver tissue significantly increased (P<0.05) in supplemental combination of 1.2 ppm SY and vitamin E compared to the control and vitamin E 150 IU. TBARS of control and vitamin E 150 IU were significantly (P<0.05) higher in day 3 than day 1, but the combination of Se 1.2 ppm and vitamin E of TBARS had no difference during day 1 to 3. TBARS in day 3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower in supplemental combination of Se 1.2 ppm and vitamin E than control and vitamin E 150 IU.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

The study determined the effects of stock density (SD) and energy level (EL) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and meat quality in Korean native chickens. A total of 240 chickens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments including two stock density (low, 14, and high, 16 chickens per m²) and two energy level (low, 2,950, 3,000, 3050 ME kcal/kg, and high 3,150, 3,200, 3,250 ME kcal/kg, for starter, grower, and finisher, respectively). During the whole period of the experiment, the chickens were fed ad libitum. The greater final body weight and weight gain were achieved in chickens fed high energy diet, whereas the final body weight and weight gain were significantly reduced in high-density treatment compared with the low density. Chickens in low-density groups had a higher feed intake compared with high-density treatment, however, the energy level did not affect the feed intake. An improved overall feed conversion ratio was detected in the high energy treatment. There was a significant interaction between stock density and energy level on cholesterol concentration. The concentration of aspartate transaminase in serum was increased by higher stock density. There was a significant treatment interaction on IgM levels. Moreover, the carcass rate was significantly increased in the high energy level treatment. Based on the findings, we suggest that rearing chickens in low density with high dietary energy levels could be beneficial by improving the growth performance.