Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2021.48.4.287

EFfect of Feed Withdrawal Time on Salmonella Contamination in the Crop, Intestinal Weight, and Blood Parameters of Broilers before Harvesting  

Kim, Hee-Jin (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Kang, Hwan-Ku (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Hong, Eui-Chul (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Kim, Hyun-Soo (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Son, Jiseon (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
You, Are-Sun (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Kang, Bo-Seok (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Jeon, Jin-Joo (Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Poultry Science / v.48, no.4, 2021 , pp. 287-295 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of different feed withdrawal periods (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h) on Salmonella contamination in the crop, intestinal weight, and blood parameters of broilers before harvesting. A total of 100 broilers (initial live weight 1.906±0.06 kg) were randomly assigned to the same five treatment groups and broilers had access to water but no feed before catching. Feed withdrawal times were 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h prior to slaughter. Measurements included live weight, pre-slaughter weight, carcass weight, weight of gastrointestinal tract. In addition, Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in the crop, serum biochemical profiles, counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets, and meat quality were assessed. The results demonstrate that carcass weight, blood corticosterone, meat pH, meat color, and water holding capacity did not differ based on the feed withdrawal time. Carcass yield increased as the withdrawal time increased, but the weights of the crop, proventriculus, jejunum, ileum, and rectum were significantly reduced by 6 h (P<0.05). Salmonella counts were the lowest in the crops subjected to 6 h of feed withdrawal (P<0.05). Shear force was highest in chicken breast meat after 6 h of feed withdrawal (P<0.05). However, when the feed was withdrawn after 6 h, the shear force increased, but it did not affect the sensory characteristics in consumers, and the Salmonella count also decreased and had a reduction effect on contamination during slaughter. These findings can serve as reference data for setting the feed withdrawal time.
Keywords
broiler; feed withdrawal; stress level; Salmonella; digestive tract;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lyon CE, Papa CM, Wilson Jr RL 1991 Effect of feed withdrawal on yields, muscle pH, and texture of broiler breast meat. Poult Sci 70(4):1020-1025.   DOI
2 Nijdam E, Delezie E, Lambooij E, Nabuurs MJ, Decuypere E, Stegeman JA 2005 Feed withdrawal of broilers before transport changes plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations. Poult Sci 84(7):1146-1152.   DOI
3 Petracci M, Fletcher DL, Northcutt JK 2001 The effect of holding temperature on live shrink, processing yield, and breast meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 80(5):670-675.   DOI
4 Riesenfeld G, Herman A, Hurwitz S 1981 Glucose kinetics and respiratory metabolism in fed and fasted chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol 70(2):223-227.   DOI
5 Schilling MW, Radhakrishnan V, Thaxton YV, Christensen K, Thaxton JP, Jackson V 2008 The effects of broiler catching method on breast meat quality. Meat Sci 79(1):163-171.   DOI
6 Van der Wal PG, Reimert HG, Goedhart HA, Engel B, Uijttenboogaart TG 1999 The effect of feed withdrawal on broiler blood glucose and nonesterified fatty acid levels, postmortem liver pH values, and carcass yield. Poult Sci 78(4):569-573.   DOI
7 De Jong IC, van Voorst AS, Blokhuis HJ 2003 Parameters for quantification of hunger in broiler breeders. Physiol Behav 78(4-5):773-783.   DOI
8 Hamidu JA, Agbehadzi RK, Amexo VE, Brown CA, Adomako K 2017 Optimizing feed withdrawal time to assess broiler stress and welfare. Int J Res Stud 3(2):1-5.
9 Freeman BM 1980 Glucagon: a stress hormone in the domestic fowl. Res Vet Sci 28(3):389-390.   DOI
10 Friedman CR, Hoekstra RM, Samuel M, Marcus R, Bender J, Shiferaw B, Reddy S, Ahuja SD, Helfrick DL, Hardnett F, Carter M, Anderson B, Tauxe RV 2004 Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States: a case-control study in foodnet sites. Clin Infect Dis 38:S285-S296.   DOI
11 Hajati H 2018 Application of organic acids in poultry nutrition. Int J Avian Wildlife Biol 3(4):324-329.   DOI
12 Hargis BM, Caldwell DJ, Brewer RL, Corrier DE, DeLoach JR 1995 Evaluation of the chicken crop as a source of Salmonella contamination for broiler carcasses. Poult Sci 74(9):1548-1552.   DOI
13 Kannan G, Heath JL, Wabeck CJ, Owens SL, Mench JA 1998 Elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations influence the onset of rigor mortis and meat color in broilers. Poult Sci 77(2):322-328.   DOI
14 Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Jeon JJ, Oh SJ, Nam KC, Shim KS, Jung JH, Kim KS, Choi YI, Kim SH, Jang A 2018 Comparison of quality and bioactive compounds in chicken thigh meat from conventional and animal welfare farm in Korea. Korean J Poult Sci 45(4):261-272.   DOI
15 Kim DH, Yoo YM, Kim SH, Jang BG, Park BY, Cho SH, Seong PN, Hah KH, Lee JM, Kim YK, Hwang IH 2006 Effect of the length of feed withdrawal on weight loss, yield and meat color of broiler. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 20(1):106-111.   DOI
16 Kotula KL, Wang Y 1994 Characterization of broiler meat quality factors as influenced by feed withdrawal time. J Appl Poult Res 3(2):103-110.   DOI
17 Buhr RJ, Bourassa DV, Hinton JA, Fairchild BD, Ritz CW 2017 Impact of litter Salmonella status during feed withdrawal on Salmonella recovery from the broiler crop and ceca. Poult Sci 96(12):4361-4369.   DOI
18 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) 2018 Animal protection management system : livestock farm animal welfare certification standards (regulation No. 2014-25). https://www.animal.go.kr/front/community/show.do?boardId=boardID04&page=1&pageSize=10&keyword=%EC%9D%B8%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80&column=title&menuNo=3000000021&seq=12019. Accessed on May 6, 2021.
19 Hinton Jr A, Buhr RJ, Ingram KD 2000 Physical, chemical, and microbiological changes in the crop of broiler chickens subjected to incremental feed withdrawal. Poult Sci 79(2):212-218.   DOI
20 Bilgili SF 2002 Slaughter quality as influenced by feed withdrawal. Worlds Poult Sci J 58(2):123-130.   DOI
21 Buyse J, Janssens K, Van der Geyten S, Van As P, Decuypere E, Darras VM 2002 Pre-and postprandial changes in plasma hormone and metabolite levels and hepatic deiodinase activities in meal-fed broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 88(6):641-653.   DOI
22 Corrier DE, Byrd JA, Hargis BM, Hume ME, Bailey RH, Stanker LH 1999 Presence of Salmonella in the crop and ceca of broiler chickens before and after preslaughter feed withdrawal. Poult Sci 78(1):45-49.   DOI
23 Saki A, Azadinia B, Khosravinia H, Rashidian A, Matin HH 2011 Effects of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal and sex on crop, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters in broiler chicken. J Agric Tech 7(5):1233-1245.
24 Olawumi SO, Oyewole BO, Okpe AA, Ahutu IA, Ademakinwa OI 2019 Comparison of strains and feed withdrawal durations on growth, haematological indices and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens at finisher phase. Niger J Anim Prod 21(3):274-280.
25 PVE Product Board for Livestock 1992 Meat and Eggs, Rijswijk (Richtlijnen voor het nuchter afleveren van slachtkuikens) In: Dutch Product Boards for Livestock, Meat, and Eggs, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
26 Rasmussen AL, Mast MG 1989 Effect of feed withdrawal on composition and quality of broiler meat. Poult Sci 68(8):1109-1113.   DOI
27 Savenije B (2001). Metabolic parameters as indicators of broiler chicken welfare and meat quality. Pages 8-22 In: Chapter 1 General Introduction. University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
28 Choi JS, Park KS, Lee JI, Auh JH, Choi YI 2008 Effect of feed withdrawal time on quality of broiler meat. J Anim Sci Technol 50(3):373-380.   DOI
29 Stavric S, D'aoust JY 1993 Undefined and defined bacterial preparations for the competitive exclusion of Salmonella in poultry-a review. J Food Prot 56(2):173-180.   DOI
30 Buhr RJ, Northcutt JK, Lyon CE, Rowland GN 1998 Influence of time off feed on broiler viscera weight, diameter, and shear. Poult Sci 77(5):758-764.   DOI
31 Shawkat SS, Abdulateef SM, Al-Bayar MA, Mohammed ZA 2021 Impact of feed withdrawal in different period of times on physiological traits and immunity system on both sexes of broiler chicks. Syrian J Agric Res 8(2):77-84.
32 Knowles TG, Warriss PD, Brown SN, Edwards JE, Mitchell MA 1995 Responses of broilers to deprivation of food and water for 24 hours. Br Vet J 151(2):197-202.   DOI
33 Mir NA, Rafiq A, Kumar F, Singh V, Shukla V 2017 Determinants of broiler chicken meat quality and factors affecting them: a review. J Food Sci Technol 54(10):2997-3009.   DOI
34 Murray HC, Rosenberg MM 1953 Studies on blood sugar and glycogen levels in chickens. Poult Sci 32(5):805-811.   DOI
35 Warriss PD, Kestin SC, Brown SN, Bevis EA 1988 Depletion of glycogen reserves in fasting broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 29:149-154.   DOI
36 Warriss PD, Wilkins LJ, Brown SN, Phillips AJ, Allen V 2004 Defaecation and weight of the gastrointestinal tract contents after feed and water withdrawal in broilers. Br Poult Sci 45(1):61-66.   DOI
37 Leveille GA, Romsos DR, Yeh YY, O'Hea EK 1975 Lipid biosynthesis in the chick. A consideration of site of synthesis, influence of diet and possible regulatory mechanisms. Poult Sci 54(4):1075-1093.   DOI
38 Nwaigwe CU, Ihedioha JI, Shoyinka SV, Nwaigwe CO 2020 Evaluation of the hematological and clinical biochemical markers of stress in broiler chickens. Vet World 13(10): 2294-2300.   DOI
39 Wood DF, Richards JF 1975 Effect of some antemortem stressors on post-mortem aspects of chicken broiler pectoralis muscle. Poult Sci 54(2):528-553.   DOI