• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2003

We deal with the problem of testing a sequence of independent normal random variables with constant, known or unknown, variance for no change in mean versus alternatives with a single change-point. Various tests based on the likelihood ratio and recursive residuals, score statistics and cusums are studied. Proposed tests are modified version of Buckley's cusum statistics. A comparison study of various change-point test statistics is done by Monte Carlo simulation with S-plus software.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.263-276
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• 2015

Purpose: The study was done to verify the effect size of the variables related to the emotional labor of nurses. Methods: A total of 47 article on variables related to the emotional labor of nurses and published from 2006 to 2014 were used for the meta-analysis. Results: Variables with the largest effect size related to emotional labor were identified as the variables of work task, organization and individual characteristics in descending order of effect size. The sub-factors with the greatest effect size in the work task variable were exhaustion and work commitment, while for organization variables, intention to change jobs had the largest effect size. For individual characteristics, physical symptoms had the largest effect size. Conclusion: The results of this study are meaningful as the first study to integrate research results on variables related to the emotional labor of Korean nurses, providing practical data for the management of emotional labor.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to set the direction to manage national parks to cope with climate change, and offer basic data to establish the relevant policies. Towards this end, this study analyzed the current and future climate change vulnerability of national parks using the 24 proxy variables of vulnerability in the LCCGIS program, a tool to evaluate climate change vulnerability developed by the National Institute of Environmental Research. To analyze and evaluate the current status of and future prospect on climate change vulnerability of national parks, the proxy variable value of climate exposure was calculated by making a GIS spatial thematic map with $1km{\times}1km$ grid unit through the application of climate change scenario (RCP8.5). The values of proxy variables of sensitivity and adaptation capability were calculated using the basic statistics of national parks. The values of three vulnerability evaluation items were calculated regarding the present (2010s) and future (2050s). The current values were applied to the future equally under the assumption that the current state of the proxy variables related to sensitivity and adaptation capability without a future prediction scenario continues. Seoraksan, Odaesan, Jirisan and Chiaksan National Parks are relatively bigger in terms of the current (2010s) climate exposure. The national park, where the variation of heat wave is the biggest is Wolchulsan National Park. The biggest variation of drought occurs to Gyeryongsan National Park, and Woraksan National Park has the biggest variation of heavy rain. Concerning the climate change sensitivity of national parks, Jirisan National Park is the most sensitive, and adaptation capability is evaluated to be the highest. Gayasan National Park's sensitivity is the lowest, and Chiaksan National Park is the lowest in adaptation capability. As for climate change vulnerability, Seoraksan, Odaesan, Chiaksan and Deogyusan National Parks and Hallyeohaesang National Park are evaluated as high at the current period. The national parks, where future vulnerability change is projected to be the biggest, are Jirisan, Woraksan, Chiaksan and Sobaeksan National Parks in the order. Because such items evaluating the climate change vulnerability of national parks as climate exposure, sensitivity and adaptation capability show relative differences according to national parks' local climate environment, it will be necessary to devise the adaptation measures reflecting the local climate environmental characteristics of national parks, rather than establishing uniform adaptation measures targeting all national parks. The results of this study that evaluated climate change vulnerability using climate exposure, sensitivity and adaptation capability targeting Korea's national parks are expected to be used as basic data for the establishment of measures to adapt to climate change in consideration of national parks' local climate environmental characteristics. However, this study analyzed using only the proxy variables presented by LCCGIS program under the situation that few studies on the evaluation of climate change vulnerability of national parks are found, and therefore this study may not reflect overall national parks' environment properly. A further study on setting weights together with an objective review on more proper proxy variables needs to be carried out in order to evaluate the climate change vulnerability of national parks.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.21-28
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the elderly Koreans of residential relocation and to find their conditioning variables that mediate some of the negative effects of residential relocation. The research was performed by questionnares. Subject samples consisted of 448 elderly individuals who have lived for two years or less in one of the two new residential communities in commuting proximity with Seoul: Ilsan or Bundang. Two variables measured for the life of the elderly to residential relocation were the change of the social relationship network and the change of the depression level. Results indicated that the relocation had a substantial disrupting effect on the social network of the elderly. The level of depression of the subjects after relocation was decresed. It was also found that the effects of the elderly to residential relocation was mainly affected by physical factors of environment and residential satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.115-132
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• 1993

This study was designed with the purpose to analyze the factor structure of family life events and to clear the influence of related variables on family life events. The frequence of experienced events and the degree of importance of events which were the constituent components of family life events was estimated by the 650 married woman in Kangju. The results were as follows: 1. 15 factors of family life events derived by factor analysis: F.1「Expenditure and economic loss」, F.2「Growth and change of children」, F.3「Change of family structure」, F.4「Family's change」, F.5「Change of life level」, F.6「Family's social problem」, F.7「Need of care」, F.8「Family's health」, F.9「Marital relationship」, F.10「Family's social damage」, F.11「Breach with acquaintance」, F.12「Financial difficulties」F.13「Husband's problem」, F.14「Housewives' social activity」, F.15「Kinship's support」. 2. There frequence of experienced family life events such as expenditure and economic loss and breach with acquaintance was highest. 3. The degree of importance about experienced family life events such as growth and change of children was highest. 4. Age, family life cycle have significantly differenced on the degree of importance and the frequence of experienced events. 5. Education's level, family size, income, housewives' employment and family structure have differently differenced on the degree of importance and the frequence of experienced events according event factor.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.583-593
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance with readiness to change and empower knowledge sharing quality as mediating variables. The survey was conducted by collecting the respondents' data by filling up forms which were designed using the google form application and collecting it using WhatsApp. This was performed on 400 respondents, encompassing employees from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control in Indonesia. The research model adopted was validated using Structural Equation Modeling technique with AMOS tool. The findings showed transformational leadership as a significant predictor of readiness to change and it proved relevant in empowering knowledge sharing quality, which in turn affects organizational performance. Furthermore, the effects of both two mediating variables was also examined, and only readiness to change significantly influenced the relationship between predictors of transformational leadership and organizational performance. The findings of this study showed the need for transformational leaders as the research focused on understanding the differences in employee character. This is required to encourage better performance by empowering quality knowledge dissemination mechanisms, with continuous in-house training activities. Therefore, the model adopted in this research and the hypotheses prove the direct effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance, achievable through the mediating role of readiness to change.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

This study analyzed the changes in productivity growth of 291 regional fisheries cooperatives area from 2001 to 2010 selected as target. The productivity growth analysis of operating offices calculates Global-Malmquist productivity index. Input variables are number of the persons and the nettable area, output variables are deposit, loans and earnings. To improve the homogeneity of industry, the operating conditions were considered. Global Malmquist index of Operating offices was reduced between 2001~2010. The cause of increase and decrease of productivity are divided by efficiency change(EC) and best-practice change(BPC). Operating offices with increased productivity existed between 2001~2002 and between 2002~2003 and between 2006~2007. There were operating offices with increased productivity by EC. Global Malmquist index of Operating offices with locations was highest relatively in metropolitan. Operating offices with increased productivity existed between 2003~2004 and between 2007~2008 and between 2008~2009 in all locations. There were operating offices with decreased productivity by BPC.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.48-56
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• 2003

In this work an integrated model for paper plants combining wet-end and dry section is developed and a model predictive control scheme based on the plant model is proposed. Closed-loop process identification method is employed to produce a state-space model. Thick stock, filler flow, machine speed and steam pressure are selected as input variables and basis weight, ash content and moisture content are considered as output variables. The desired output trajectory is constructed in the form of 1st-order dynamics. Results of simulations for control of grade change operations are compared with plant operation data collected during the grade change operations under the same conditions as in simulations. From the comparison, we can see that the proposed model predictive control scheme reduces the grade change time and achieves stable steady-state.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.92-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was designed a) to examine the relative importance for college students' clothing disposal causes and their factor structure: b) to test the effects of gender, clothing satisfaction and family income on clothing disposal determinants; and c) to assess the relationship between clothing purchase determinants and overall clothing satisfaction and clothing disposal determinants. Data (n=660) were collected from college students in Cheju Do. The survey questionnaire composed of a revised Clothing Disposal Determinants Scale, Clothing Purchase Determinants Scale and background variables. First, the most important reasons for clothing disposal were to unfit with body change, get washed our and raise nap on clothe, wornout with long-term use, do not ware for new purchasing clothe, uneasy on wear. Second, factor analysis of the revised Clothing Disposal Determinants Scale revealed five factors; unfitness, fashion change, quality dissatisfaction, product efficiency decrement, and maintenance/inconvenience. Third, female students perceived significantly higher in fashion change and unfitness than male students. Forth, unfitness and product efficiency decrement were significantly discriminated between between clothing satisfaction groups, unfitness and fashion change variables were significantly discriminated between family income groups. fifth, impulsive purchase factor was the best predictor of composite clothing disposal measure, followed by individuality, clothing satisfaction, practicality. The best predictors of each disposal factors were individuality oriented purchasing criterion in unfitness factor. Fashion in fashion change, impulsive purchase in quality dissatisfaction and product efficiency decrement factors, and practicality in maintenance/inconvenience factor. As a whole, the most consistent predictor of clothing disposal determinants was impulsive purchase factor.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.