• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2007

Recently, the use and application of computer graphics in the mobile and ubiquitous environment are growing. Real-time rendering and modeling for computer graphics are due to system performance, there're lots of limitation in lower system such as PDA and cell phone etc. Therefore, we suggested the intelligent Serving Rendering Middleware which is to provide adaptation service of computer graphics contents fit to user's environment real-time whatever environment the users are in. The Service Rendering Middleware needs multi-level configurations and applications, so, in this paper we propose multi-level algorithm to decide adaptation levels are deal with separately according to device performance.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.73-79
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• 2011

With increasing use of smartphone, users require a new message service to prevent security attack and provide integrated messages. Since smartphone uses data services such as 3G cell network and WiFi, it can provide reliable message transfer through various security policies. In addition, it can transfer various data collected using built-in camera and GPS. This paper proposes a smart message service platform which can provide security services such as authentication, confidentiality and integrity as well as transfer the integrated message including location, picture and text. To verity the functionality of the platform, this paper implements an iPhone app and message transfer server, and then shows the implementation results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1095-1109
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• 2022

Along with the popularity of GPS system and smart cell phone, trajectories of pedestrians or vehicles are recorded at any time. The great amount of works had been carried out in order to discover traffic paradigms or other regular patterns buried in the huge trajectory dataset. The core of the mining algorithm is how to evaluate the similarity, that is, the "distance", between trajectories appropriately, then the mining results will be accordance to the reality. Euclidean distance is commonly used in the lots of existed algorithms to measure the similarity, however, the trend of trajectories is usually ignored during the measurement. In this paper, a novel segment transform distance (STD) algorithm is proposed, in which a rule system of line segment transformation is established. The similarity of two-line segments is quantified by the cost of line segment transformation. Further, an improvement of STD, named ST-DTW, is advanced with the use of the traditional method dynamic time warping algorithm (DTW), accelerating the speed of calculating STD. The experimental results show that the error rate of ST-DTW algorithm is 53.97%, which is lower than that of the LCSS algorithm. Besides, all the weights of factors could be adjusted dynamically, making the algorithm suitable for various kinds of applications.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2021

In order to measure the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of a sample which is too large to use commercially available chamber, a stainless steel vacuum chamber (VC) (with an internal diameter of 205 mm and a height of 50 mm) was manufactured and the temperature of the chamber was controlled using an oven. After concentrating the volatiles of the sample in the chamber by helium gas, it was made possible to remove residual volatile substances present in the chamber under reduced pressure ((2 ± 1) × 10-2 mmHg). The chamber was connected to a purge & trap (P&T) using a 6 port valve to concentrate the VOCs, which were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after thermal desorption (VC-P&T-GC-MS). Using toluene, the toluene recovery rate of this device was 85 ± 2 %, reproducibility was 5 ± 2 %, and the detection limit was 0.01 ng L-1. The method of removing VOCs remaining in the chamber with helium and the method of removing those with reduced pressure was compared using Korean drinking water regulation (KDWR) VOC Mix A (5 μL of 100 ㎍ mL-1) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 2 μL of 500 ㎍ mL-1). In case of using helium, which requires a large amount of gas and time, reduced pressure ((2 ± 1) × 10-2 mmHg) only during the GC-MS running time, could remove VOCs and BHT to less than 0.1 % of the original injection concentration. As a result of analyzing volatile substances using VC-P&T-GC-MS of six types of cell phone case, BHT was detected in four types and quantitatively analyzed. Maintaining the chamber at reduced pressure during the GC-MS analysis time eliminated memory effect and did not affect the next sample analysis. The volatile substances in a cell phone case were also analyzed by dynamic headspace (HT3) and GC-MS, and the results of the analysis were compared with those of VC-P&T-GC-MS. Considering the chamber volume and sample weight, the VC-P&T configuration was able to collect volatile substances more efficiently than the HT3. The VC-P&T-GC-MS system is believed to be useful for VOCs measurement of inhomogeneous large sample or devices used inside clean rooms.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2021

This study aimed to explore the influence of family characteristics on the work-life balance of early adolescents. A series of data analyses was conducted on adolescents' use of time in daily life on the basis of 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS 2018). We found that the work-life balance of youth is related to their parents' health status, presence of older siblings, household income, parenting attitude, parent-child communication time, and mother's occupation. The work-life balance of the fifth graders is more likely to be influenced by family characteristics compared with that of the eighth graders. In particular, the fifth graders' sleep deprivation is affected by the mother's occupation, but there is no significant effect on the eighth graders' sleep deprivation. An important factor in skipping breakfast is household income, with adolescents from low-income families tending to skip breakfast more than five days a week. In addition, parents' health status and parenting attitude are significantly related to skipping of breakfast in early adolescents. Household income is related to the after-school private tutoring hours of both the fifth and eighth graders; however, parenting attitude and mother's occupation are also significant influencing factors of the fifth graders' after-school study. Mother's occupation is related to excessive cell phone use; specifically, the fifth graders whose mothers work white-collar jobs, sales and services or manufacturing are more likely to play with cell phones more than three hours a day than those whose mothers are full-time housewives. These results suggest that the work-life balance policies targeted at the family characteristics of adolescents can improve family environments in a manner that enhances adolescents' life balance, thus supporting the well-being of early adolescents and their families.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose real-time 3D image converting architecture by a unit of pixel for 2D/3D compatible PC and LCD of cellular phone with parallax burier, and implement a system for overall display operation after designing a circuit based on FPGA. After digitizing anolog image signal from PC, we recompose it to 3D image signal according to input image type. Since the architecture which rearranges 2D image to 3D depends on parallax burier, we use interleaving method which mixes pixels by a unit of R, G, and B cell. The propose architecture is designed into a circuit based on FPGA with high-speed memory access technique and use 4 SDRAMs for high performance data storing and processing. The implemented system consists of A/D converting system, FPGA system to formatting 2D signal to 3D, and LCD panel with parallax barrier, for 3D display.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2005

The topic of this study is a survey research about the economic recognition related to economic ethics and information literacy of students(6,779) extend from elementary school to university. First, for the ability to use computers, it is recognizing that 49.6% of students are normal, 38.6% are superior, and 12.8% are inferior. In part of class, it tends to recognize that it is the superior as the level of school is the lower excepting middle school students. Second, we can find great difference between male students and female students related to purpose of using internet, 79.8% of male students are using computer to play game or entertainment(1), search data or knowledge(2), chatting or massenger(3), 70.1% of female students are using internet to search data or knowledge(1), chatting or massenger(2) and meeting of similar taste. Third, it shows a tendency that the economic activity using internet or cell-phone increases faster as the level of schools is higher. In detail, they primarily use buying or settlement of products(63%), purchasing internet service(20.9%). Fourth, for using illegal CD, not only they didn't feel guilty in all levels of schools, excepting university students, it is showed that the trust of intellectual poverty right is weaker as the level of schools is higher. So, it is becoming serious problems. It seems a task which should be supplemented through economic education of schools in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.265-275
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• 2019

Technological advances of mankind, through the development of electrical and communication technologies, have resulted in the exposure to artificial electromagnetic fields (EMF). Technological growth is expected to continue; as such, the amount of EMF exposure will continue to increase steadily. In particular, the use-time of smart phones, that have become a necessity for modern people, is steadily increasing. Social concerns and interest in the impact on the cranial nervous system are increased when considering the area where the mobile phone is used. However, before discussing possible effects of radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on the human body, several factors must be investigated about the influence of EMFs at the level of research using in vitro or animal models. Scientific studies on the mechanism of biological effects are also required. It has been found that RF-EMF can induce changes in central nervous system nerve cells, including neuronal cell apoptosis, changes in the function of the nerve myelin and ion channels; furthermore, RF-EMF act as a stress source in living creatures. The possible biological effects of RF-EMF exposure have not yet been proven, and there are insufficient data on biological hazards to provide a clear answer to possible health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the biological response to RF-EMF in consideration of the comprehensive exposure with regard to the use of various devices by individuals. In this review, we summarize the possible biological effects of RF-EMF exposure.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.235-245
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• 2023

Smart applications based on the Network of Everything also known as Internet of Everything (IoE) are increasing popularity as network connectivity requires rise further. As a result, there will be a greater need for developing 6G technologies for wireless communications in order to overcome the primary limitations of visible 5G networks. Furthermore, implementing neural networks into 6G will bring remedies for the most complex optimizing networks challenges. Future 6G mobile phone networks must handle huge applications that require data and an increasing amount of users. With a ten-year time skyline from thought to the real world, it is presently time for pondering what 6th era (6G) remote correspondence will be just before 5G application. In this article, we talk about 6G dreams to clear the street for the headway of 6G and then some. We start with the conversation of imaginative 5G organizations and afterward underline the need of exploring 6G. Treating proceeding and impending remote organization improvement in a serious way, we expect 6G to contain three critical components: cell phones super broadband, very The Web of Things (or IoT and falsely clever (artificial intelligence). The 6G project is currently in its early phases, and people everywhere must envision and come up with its conceptualization, realization, implementation, and use cases. To that aim, this article presents an environment for Presented Distributed Artificial Intelligence as-a-Services (DAIaaS) supplying in IoE and 6G applications. The case histories and the DAIaaS architecture have been evaluated in terms of from end to end latency and bandwidth consumption, use of energy, and cost savings, with suggestion to improve efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-75
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• 2022

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that is able to alter neuronal activity in particular brain regions. Many studies have researched how tDCS modulates neuronal activity and reorganizes neural networks. However it is difficult to conclude the effect of brain stimulation because the studies are heterogeneous with respect to the stimulation parameter as well as individual difference. It is not fully in agreement with the effects of brain stimulation. In particular few studies have researched the reason of variability of brain stimulation in response to time so far. The study investigated individual variability of brain stimulation based on circadian rhythm and chronotype. Participants were divided into two groups which are morning type and evening type. The experiment was conducted by Zoom meeting which is video meeting programs. Participants were sent experiment tool which are Muse(EEG device), tdcs device, cell phone and cell phone holder after manuals for experimental equipment were explained. Participants were required to make a phone in frount of a camera so that experimenter can monitor online EEG data. Two participants who was difficult to use experimental devices experimented in a laboratory setting where experimenter set up devices. For all participants the accuracy of 98% was achieved by SVM using leave one out cross validation in classification in the the effects of morning stimulation and the evening stimulation. For morning type, the accuracy of 92% and 96% was achieved in classification in the morning stimulation and the evening stimulation. For evening type, it was 94% accuracy in classification for the effect of brain stimulation in the morning and the evening. Feature importance was different both in classification in the morning stimulation and the evening stimulation for morning type and evening type. Results indicated that the effect of brain stimulation can be explained with brain state and trait. Our study results noted that the tDCS protocol for target state is manipulated by individual differences as well as target state.