• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Crop characteristics of 179 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) resources collected in Korea were investigated in order to establish basic data for the improvement of crop breeding. Spike types of 179 sorghum resources were classified as 5 types of open-loose type, broom-tillering type, half broom-tillering type, extreme-compact type and compact type, of which broom-tillering type was the highest ratio of 38.0% (68 plant resources) of 179 germplasm. In the existence and nonexistence of spike awn in 179 sorghum resources, 28.5% (51 plant resources) showed existence of spike awn, whereas the rest of 71.5% (128 plant resources) had no spike awn. Seed type was classified as 5 types, of which circle-shape showed the highest ratio of 43.0% (77 plant resources) and the lowest was inclined-circle shape by 7.3% (13 plant resources). Seed color was classified as 4 colors of brown, white, whitish brown, and yellowish brown, of which yellowish brown was the highest ratio of 84.4% (151 plant resources) among them. Days from seeding to heading date showed the range from 67 to 88 days with the average of 77.4 days and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 76 to 80 days, which occupied 37.4% (67 plant resources) of 179 germplasm. 179 sorghum resources showed high variation in the range of culm length with the average of 253.8 cm and group from 92 cm to 360 cm of culm length showed the highest frequency proportion of 20.6% (37 plant resources). Spike length showed the range from 15 to 49 cm with the average of 28.8 cm and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 31 to 35 cm with the proportion of 26.3% (47 plant resources), whereas the lowest was below 15 cm with the proportion of 0.6%. Days from seeding to physiological maturity showed the range from 110 to 146 days with the average of 125.5 days and the highest frequency proportion (39.7%) of it was the group from 111 to 115 days, while there were also occupied with 2 plant resources below 110 days and 23 plant resources over 141 days among 179 germplasm. Number of grains per spike showed the range from 163 to 4,532 grains with the average of 2,068.6 grains and group from 1,601 to 2,000 grains per spike was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 25.7% (46 plant resources). 1000 grains weight showed the range from 10.6 to 38.1g with the average of 25.6g and group from 26.0 to 30.0g was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 44.1% (79 plant resources).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.333-338
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• 2008

The tea has traditionally been used as a foodstuff by unique flavor, however recently not only the diversity of consumer demands but also the public interest in unique favorite and functional aspects have increased. It has been also reported that the main components contained in the leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) include total nitrogen, free amino acids, polyphenols, and fiber, of which catechin has powerful bioactive effect such as anti-cancer, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which is a major phenolic constituent of green tea extract has received considerable attention for a variety of important bioactivities. This study was carried out to obtain useful information for tea breeding programs, and to investigate the concentration of quality and functional related components in Korean indigenous tea germplasms. Korean indigenous tea lines were classified into three groups of sprout time, i.e, early, medium and late sprout time, and the ratio were 20%, 43% and 37%, respectively. There was a difference in characteristics among these Korean indigenous tea lines, leaf width of those ranged from 19.8 to 75 mm, leaf length was 35.5-160.0 mm, and leaf area was $660-8,400\;mm^2$. Experimental data on chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of Korean indigenous tea genetic resources ranged from 51.3 to 82.3. The concentrations of the total nitrogen, total free amino acids, and theanine were ranged 4.18-6.07%, 2.87-4.58%, and 1.64-2.66%, respectively. Also, catechin concentration showed from 11.54 to 15.07%, and concentration of caffeine was 2.82-4.23%. These results indicated indicated that it is possible to select elite lines with high concentration of quality related components and low concentration of caffeine from Korean domestic tea germplasms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide the fundamental data based on the agronomic characteristics of domestic aroma rice, widely cultivated domestic rice and foreign aroma rice for breeding of functional aromatic rice. Among the 104 varieties, all of domestic aroma rice and widely cultivated rice varieties were headed, 24 of 84 varieties of foreign aroma rice were not headed. The average heading date of domestic aroma rice Japonica types of domestic rice was later as 136 day, and Tongil types of domestic aroma rice were faster as 122 day. The average culm length of Indica types of foreign aroma rice was longer as 130 cm, and Tongil types of were shorter as 74 cm. The average panicle length of domestic aroma rice and traditional rice were about 21 cm, and Indica types of foreign aroma rice were longer as 29.5 cm. The average 1,000 grain weight of Tongil types of domestic aroma rice and was not a difference with the domestic aroma rice and was more 2.5 g than the Indica types of foreign aroma rice. The average ratio of grain width and length of Indica types of foreign aroma rice were highest as 3.29 (W/L), and the domestic traditional rice was lowest as 1.7 (W/L). The average fertility rate of the domestic aroma rice, the widely cultivated domestic rice, and the Japonica types of foreign aroma rice were above 89.7%, but the Indica types of foreign and the Tongil types of domestic aroma rice were below 65.4%. The average germination rate of foreign aroma rice were above 83.7%, and domestic aroma rice were above 90.4%. The non-glutinous rice were 64 varieties (84.2%) of total 104 accessions of material rice and the waxy rice were 7 varieties (1%). In the domestic aroma rice, Hyangmi2ho and Aranghyangchalbyeo has a mild aroma grade. In the foreign aroma rice, 22 of 40 varieties of Indica types and 9 of 16 varieties of Japonica types has a lightly aroma grade. And 13 varieties of widely cultivated domestic rice has a non-aroma grade.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide the fundamental data based on the analysis of phsyco-chemical characteristics of domestic aroma rice and foreign aroma rice for breeding of aroma rice. The average amylose content of domestic aroma rice and widely cultured domestic traditional rice were 18.1% and 19.0% respectively. The Indica and the Japonica types were 25.6% and 25.0%. In the domestic rice of Tongil and Japonica type, the average protein content were 7.6% and 6.4% respectively. And the average protein content of foreign Indica and Japonica type were 7.6% and 7.0% respectively. And the average protein content of widely cultured domestic traditional rice was 5.6%. The Japonica type of rice shown a low protein content compared with Indica type of rice, and the foreign Indica types of rice exhibited a wide range of protein contents. The average alkali digestive value (ADV) of Tongil type of the domestic aroma rice was about 5.0 and the value of Japonica type was about 6.0. The average ADV of foreign Indica and Japonica type were 4.3 and 5.1 respectively. Also the average ADV of widely cultured domestic aroma rice was about 6.0. The foreign aroma rice were distributed a variable range of ADV value and lower than the both domestic aroma rice and widely cultivated domestic rice. In the whole aspect of the amylogram, the highest viscosity, the lowest viscosity and the last viscosity of the total resources, in domestic aroma rice were clearly lower with the next order, Japonica type of foreign aroma rice, Indica type of foreign aroma rice, Japonica type of domestic aroma rice, widely cultured domestic traditional rice, and Tongil type of domestic aroma rice. It shown the difference aspect of amylograms according to the eco-type of the domestic and foreign aroma and the general rice, and it was distinguishable in difference of the aspect of the amylogram of the endosperm of rice as non-glutinous rice, waxy rice, and middle-waxy rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

An RIL population from a Shinpaldalkong2/GC83006 cross was employed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with agronomic traits in soybean. The genetic map consisted of 127 loci which covered about 3,000cM and were assigned into 20 linkage groups. Phenotypic data were collected for the following traits; plant height, leaf area, flowering time, pubescence color, seed coat color and hilum color in 2005. Seed weight was evaluated using seeds collected in 2003 to 2005 at Suwon and in 2005 at Pyeongchang and Miryang sites. Three QTLs were associated with 100-seed weight in the combined analysis across three years. Among the three QTLs related to seed weight, all GC83006 alleles on LG O ($R^2\;=\;12.5$), LG A1 ($R^2\;=\;10.1$) and LG C2 ($R^2\;=\;11.5$) increased the seed weight. A QTL conditioning plant height was linked to markers including Satt134 (LG C2, $R^2\;=\;25.4$), and the GC83006 allele increased plant height at this QTL locus. For two QTLs related to leaf area, 1aM on LG M ($R^2\;=\;10.0$) and laL on LG L ($R^2\;=\;8.6$), the Shinpaldalkong2 alleles had positive effect to increase the leaf area. Satt134 on LG C2 ($R^2\;=\;41.0$) was associated with QTL for days to flowering. Satt134 (LG C2) showed a linkage to a gene for pubescence color. Satt363 (LG C2) and Satt354 (LG I) were linked to the hilum color gene, and Sat077 (LG D1a) was linked to the seed coat color. The QTL conditioning plant height was in the similar genomic location as the QTLs for days to flowering in this population, indicating pleiotropic effect of one gene or the tight linkage of several genes. These linked markers would be useful in marker assisted selection for these traits in a soybean breeding program.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

Amylose and protein contents are important traits determining the edible quality of rice, especially in East Asian countries. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a powerful tool for rapid and nondestructive quantification of natural compounds in agricultural products. To test the practically of using NIRS for estimation of brown rice amylose and protein contents, the spectral reflectances ($400{\sim}2500\;nm$) of total 9,483 accessions of rice germplasm in Rural development Administration (RDA) Genebank ere obtained and compared to chemically determined amylose and protein content. The protein content of tested 119 accessions ranged from 6.5 to 8.0% and 25 accessions exhibited protein contents between 8.5 to 9.5%. In case of amylose content, all tested accessions ranged from 18.1 to 21.7% and the grade from 18.1 to 19.9% includes most number of accessions as 152 and 4 accessions exhibited amylose content between 20.5 to 21.7%. The optimal performance calibration model could be obtained from original spectra of brown rice using MPLS (Modified Partial Least Squares) with the correlation coefficients ($r_2$) for amylose and protein content were 0.865 and 0.786, respectively. The standard errors of calibration (SEC) exhibited good statistic values: 2.078 and 0.442 for amylose and protein contents, respectively. All these results suggest that NIR spectroscopy may serve as reputable and rapid method for quantification of brown rice protein and amylose contents in large numbers of rice germplasm.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1993

This study was conducted to obtain necessary informations for improving of wildlife rearing management. The data was gathered by surveying with questionaire. One hundred and eighty farmers which was 60 of deer and pheasant, 30 of wild boar and fox rearing farmers respectively were investigated during the summer in 1992. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Most of managers considered their rearing as a side job but agriculture was appointed as a main job from most of them except wild boar managers. 2. The major cost items were breeding stock and feeding which occupied over than half. 3. The yearly profit was the highest in deer(25.5%) but the lowest in wild boar(10.3%). 4. The break-even point was the highest in wild boar(24 mil. won) but the lowest in pheasant(7.3 mil. won). 5. The optimum sales scale for a year was deer(11 heads), Pheasant(1,027 heads), Wild boar(69 heads) and Fox (102 heads).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2020

This study investigated the effect of different light sources in the poultry house on performance, meat quality, and blood composition of finishing broilers. Two hundred and forty male broilers (1-day-old, 42.2±0.1 g) were divided into three groups and subjected to different light source treatments (incandescent, LED, and fluorescent lamps) from 3 weeks of age (four replications/treatment, 20 birds/replication). After breeding for 6 weeks, the carcass yield and meat quality of broilers with similar body weight (BW; 3.4±0.07 kg) were investigated, and blood components were analyzed. Corn-soybean meal-based feed was provided as starter (CP 22.5%, ME 3,020 kcal/kg), early (CP 18.5%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), and finishing (CP 18%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg). Performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and blood components were evaluated. BW, BW gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio did not show any significant differences among treatments. There was no significant difference on live weight and carcass yield among treatments. There was no significant difference on meat color, shear force, and water holding capacity; however, cooking loss at 17.2% was the highest in the LED treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on blood components except for glucose (blood biochemistry component) among treatments. Glucose was 234.5 mg/dL, 256.9 mg/dL, and 250.1 mg/dL in the three treatments, respectively, with a significant difference between incandescent and LED treatments (P<0.05). These results are used useful as basic data for investigating the effect of lighting in broilers production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.381-387
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• 2010

To find offspring of Jeju Black cattle (JBC) produced by embryo transfer (ET) and artificial insemination (AI), a molecular genetic study was carried out in candidate cattle populations collected from cattle farms in Jeju Island, Korea. The genetic marker set was composed of 11 ISAG microsatellite (MS) markers, 11 SAES MS markers selected by our preliminary analysis for population diversity of JBC and two major coat color related genes: MC1R and ASIP. The results showed a combined non-exclusion probability for first parent (NE-P1) that was higher than that recommended by ISAG (above 0.9995), and a combined non-exclusion probability for sib identity of $5.3{\times}10^{-10}$. Parentage analysis showed that the cases identified the candidate's father only (77.0%), mother only (54.0%), and both parents (40.5%) in the candidate offspring population. The ET and AI calves were identified as 14.7% in the in vitro fertilized eggs provided and 32.4% in total population, respectively. However, the result from ISAG marker analysis showed 3 identical allele-combinations in 7 calves, and that from ISAG/SAES MS marker combination also showed 1 identical allele-combination in 2 calves. Data from MS and coat-color gene analyses provided information for complete identification of all animals tested. Because the present JBC population was mostly bred using small nuclear founders through bioengineering techniques such as AI and ET, the genetic diversity levels obtained from MS analysis in the JBC population were relatively lower than those of other cattle populations, including Hanwoo. The results suggested that the more efficient marker combinations, including coat color related genotypes, should be studied and used for constructing a system for identification and molecular breeding of JBC as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify factors involved in rooting of Japanese larch cuttings. Cuttings were taken every week from June 24th to July 25th before and after the 10th of July which supposed to be best time for cutting. The content of IAA, carbohydrate, nitrogen and inorganic elements such as $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ within cutting materials were analyzed. After the cuttings were planted, the root development was observed every week. Cuttings of easy-to-root clones were higher in IAA contents than the cuttings of hard-to-root clones at the time of cuttings were taken. There were significant differences in moisture content of cuttings taken on June 24th and July 25th between easy-to-root and hard-to-root clones, however no significant differences in moisture contents were observed between them taken on the 8th and 15th of July which supposed to be the best time for cutting. Inorganic matters and carbohydrate contents of cuttings taken from hedged trees were higher than those of non-hedged trees. The ratios K/C and C/N of cuttings taken from hedged trees were higher than those of non-hedged trees. Cuttings taken from easy-to-root clones showed higher content of carbohydrate and nitrogen than those of hard-to-root clones. The contents of inorganic elements, such as $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $K^+$, and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ in cutting taken from hard-to-root clones were slightly higher than that of easy-to-root clones. The ratio C/N and K/C of cuttings which were taken from easy-to-root clones have shown a similar trend of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These data indicate that there was no one dominant factor that affect rooting of cutting, but many factors such as contents of IAA, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphate, and ratios of C/N and K/C appeared to affect on rooting of cuttings variously. Most of root initials were formed from phloem tissue within one week after cutting, and few were formed from callus tissue. Root primordia were developed from root initials within two weeks after cutting, and most of new roots were developed from root primordia within about five weeks after cutting.