• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 전압검출기에 사용되는 온도에 무관한 검출 전압원을 제안한다. 검출 전압원이 절대온도 영도(Zero degree)에서 실리콘 밴드갭 전압의 m배가 되도록 설계한다. 검출 전압원의 온도계수는 트랜지스터 이미터-베이스 사이의 서로 다른 면적을 가진 다이오드에 생성된 비선형 전압인 ${\Delta}V_{BE}$의 오목한 온도계수와 트랜지스터 순방향 전압인 $V_{BE}$의 볼록한 비선형 온도계수의 합으로 다이오드의 온도계수를 적절히 선택함으로서 거의 제로의 온도계수를 실현한다. 또한 검출 전압원의 값이 ${\Delta}V_{BE}$, $V_{BE}$ 멀티플라이어 회로 및 저항을 이용하여 변화될 수 있도록 설계하였다. 제안한 검출 전압원의 성능을 평가하기 위해, $6{\mu}m$ 바이폴러 기술로 조립된 1.9V용 IC를 제작하여 검출 전압원의 동작특성과 온도계수를 측정하였다. 또한 검출 전압원의 값이 공정에 의해 변화되는 요인을 줄이기 위해 트리밍 기술, 이온 임플란테이션과 이방성 에칭을 도입하였다. 제작된 IC에서 검출 전압원은 -30$^{\circ}C$~70$^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 29ppm/$^{\circ}C$의 안정된 온도계수를 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 전압검출기의 소비전류는 1.9V 공급전압에서 $10{\mu}A$이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.720-734
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• 2023

In Korea, Korea Proven Bulls (KPN) program has been well-developed. Breeding and evaluation of cows are also an essential factor to increase earnings and genetic gain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cow breeding value by using three methods (pedigree index [PI], pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction [PBLUP], and genomic-BLUP [GBLUP]). The reference population (n = 16,971) was used to estimate breeding values for 481 females as a test population. The accuracy of GBLUP was 0.63, 0.66, 0.62 and 0.63 for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back-fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), respectively. As for the PBLUP method, accuracy of prediction was 0.43 for CWT, 0.45 for EMA, 0.43 for MS, and 0.44 for BFT. Accuracy of PI method was the lowest (0.28 to 0.29 for carcass traits). The increase by approximate 20% in accuracy of GBLUP method than other methods could be because genomic information may explain Mendelian sampling error that pedigree information cannot detect. Bias can cause reducing accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) for selected animals. Regression coefficient between true breeding value (TBV) and GBLUP EBV, PBLUP EBV, and PI EBV were 0.78, 0.625, and 0.35, respectively for CWT. This showed that genomic EBV (GEBV) is less biased than PBLUP and PI EBV in this study. In addition, number of effective chromosome segments (M_e) statistic that indicates the independent loci is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of BLUP. The correlation between M_e and the accuracy of GBLUP is related to the genetic relationship between reference and test population. The correlations between M_e and accuracy were -0.74 in CWT, -0.75 in EMA, -0.73 in MS, and -0.75 in BF, which were strongly negative. These results proved that the estimation of genetic ability using genomic data is the most effective, and the smaller the M_e, the higher the accuracy of EBV.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1982-1990
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 PLL(Phase Locked Loop)의 궤환 성질을 이용한 Ku-band ($10.95\sim11.70Hz$)용 위상고정 유전체공진 발진기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 유전체 공진 발진기에 인가되는 바이어스 중 게이트 바이어스의 변화에 대한 중심 주파수의 변화를 이용하여 전압제어 주파수 변화부를 제거하였고 위상 s비교를 위해서는 샘플링 위상 비교기를 이용하였다. 위상고정 유전체 공진 발신기는 X-band 주파수 대역의 유전체 공진 발진기 신호를 샘플링 위상 비교기에 인가하여 VHF대역의 기준 신호에 위상고정 시켜 높은 주파수 안정도를 얻는 것으로 유럽형 FSS(Fixed Satellite Service)를 위한 10.00GHz로 구현하였다. 측정 결과 본 논문의 위상고정 유전체 공진 발진기는 유전체 공진 발진기보다 높은 주파수 안정도를 보였으며, 10.00GHz 에서 출력전력 8.67dBm과 2차 고조파는 -42dBc이하이었고, carrier로 보터 10kHz 벗어난 점에서 -81 dBc/Hz 이하의 위상 잡음을 얻었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2012

Mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) for the precise and accurate determination of the isotope ratios of ultratrace levels of uranium dissolved in 3% $HNO_3$. We used the certified reference material (CRM) 112-A at a trace level of 100 pg/mL for the uranium isotopic measurement. Multiple collectors were utilized for the simultaneous measurement of uranium isotopes to reduce the signal uncertainty due to variations in the ion beam intensity over time. Mass bias correction was applied to the measured U isotopes to improve the precision and accuracy. Furthermore, elemental standard solution with certified values of platinum, iridium, gold, and thallium dissolved in 3% $HNO_3$ were analyzed to investigate the formation rates of the polyatomic ions of $Ir^{40}$ $Ar^+$, $Pt^{40}$ $Ar^+$, $Tl^{40}$ $Ar^+$, $Au^{40}$ $Ar^+$ for the concentration range of 50-400 pg/mL. Those polyatomic ions have mass-to-charge ratios in the 230-245 m/z region that it would contribute to the increase of background intensity of uranium, thorium, plutonium, and americium isotopes. The effect of the polyatomic ion interference on uranium isotope measurement has been estimated.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2011

노년기의 활동 가운데 성(性)생활은 매우 중요한 활동임에도 불구하고 지금껏 우리 사회의 유교적 가치관과 노인에 대한 선입견으로 무시되어 온 것이 사실이다. 노골적인 성행위의 노출, 몇 번의 등급보류로 화제가 되었다가 결국 18세 이상 관람가로 결정된 "죽어도 좋아"라는 영화도 노인의 성에 대한 일반인들의 시각을 단적으로 보여주는 예이다. 이런 이유로 노인의 성은 은밀한 곳에서 노골적으로 표면화되어 노인들의 어린이 성추행이나 성범죄, 공원 내 불법매춘 등이 자주 매스컴에 오르내리고 있으며, 노년기의 성을 인정하지 않는 사회문화 분위기로 인해 현실적으로 고통 받는 노인들이 증가하고, 이는 노년의 만족스런 삶의 질 저하에 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이와 같은 상황 속에서 만화콘텐츠는 노년기 성교육을 위한 가장 적절한 교구로 활용될 수 있다. 만화콘텐츠의 오락적 기능과 장르적 특성은 대상 노인들에게 성에 대한 이해를 보다 자발적이고, 쉽게 전달할 수 있으며 간접체험에 따른 동기 유발과 효과적인 활동을 위한 교구로서 기능할 수 있다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 1999

This study attempts to identify the self-image of eyeglass wearers with Q-methodology. Preliminary Q-statements were collected through personal and telephone interviews and based in consultation with reference books, eyeglass wearers, an optician and an oculist. Finally, 34 Q-samples were seleted. The results were analyzed by a Q-factor with a PC QUANL Program. The self-image of eyeglass wearers were found to revolve around three types: Type 1. They feel that eyeglasses have a negative influence on image and that they uncomfortable. In addition, other people have a negative bias toward people who wear eyeglasses. As a result of these negative prejudices and inconveniences, there is a tendency to wear contact lens or have laser operations. Type 2. They feel less uncomfortable comparatively, when explained that glasses can help improve their image. When explained as a fashion accessory, negative prejudices almost disappeared. Type 3. They show a positive reaction when explained that spectacles are also used for sight protection. Howerer, they are sensitive to changes in their complexion as a result of eyeglass wear and place much importance in the design of glass frames. The significance of this study is to suggest basic data for a mediation device that improve the image of eyeglass wearers discovery and analysis of these three types.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

This study investigates the geometric and spatial image quality analysis of KOMPSAT-3A stereo pair. KOMPSAT-3A is, the latest satellite of KOMPSAT family, a Korean earth observation satellite operating in optical bands. A KOMPSAT-3A stereo pair was taken on 23 November, 2015 with 0.55 m ground sampling distance over Terrassa area of Spain. The convergence angle of KOMPSAT-3A stereo pair was estimated as $58.68^{\circ}$. The investigation was assessed through the evaluation of the geopositioning analysis, image quality estimation and the accuracy of automatic Digital Surface Model (DSM) generation and compared with those of KOMPSAT-3 stereo pair with the convergence angle of $44.80^{\circ}$ over the same area. First, geopositioning accuracy was tested with initial rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) and after compensating the biases of the initial RPCs by manually collected ground control points. Then, regarding image quality, relative edge response was estimated for manually selected points visible from two stereo pairs. Both of the initial and bias-compensated positioning accuracy and the quality assessment result expressed that KOMPSAT-3A images showed higher performance than those of KOMPSAT-3 images. Finally, the accuracy of DSMs generated from KOMPSAT-3A and KOMPSAT-3 stereo pairs were examined with respect to the reference LiDAR-derived DSM. The various DSMs were generated over the whole coverage of individual stereo pairs with different grid spacing and over three types of terrain; flat, mountainous and urban area. Root mean square errors of DSM from KOMPSAT-3A pair were larger than those for KOMPSAT-3. This seems due to larger convergence angle of the KOMPSAT-3A stereo pair.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the adverse events of high dose insulin/euglycemia therapy in acute calcium channel blocker (CCB) poisoning. Methods: We developed a systematic search strategy and applied it to 4 electronic reference databases. We searched medical journals as well as the bibliographies of relevant articles. All forms of literature relevant to human use of high dose insulin for acute CCB poisoning were included. The literature search was conducted by two investigators in August, 2015 with publication language restricted to English and Korean. Case reports were divided between CCB overdose alone and multi-drug overdose including CCB. The effect and adverse event of high dose insulin and clinical outcome of each case were analyzed. Results: Among 55 searched studies, 20 studies were included. A prospective study, a retrospective study, a systematic review study, and 17 case reports were identified. Case reports consisted of 11 CCB alone and 12 multidrug overdose cases including CCB. Although most cases described significant clinical improvements, one of them showed no beneficial effect. Several adverse events including hypoglycemia and hypokalemia were reported. No significant sequalae from adverse events was reported. Conclusion: Although there were many case reports demonstrating successful use of high dose insulin for CCB poisoning, the effect cannot be estimated due to a possibility of publication bias. Therefore, high dose insulin/euglycemia therapy might be considered adjunctive therapy in cases of CCB intoxication refractory for standard therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9535-9541
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• 2014

Background: Identifying risk factors of breast cancer is a key point for preventive strategies to reduce the incidence. The aim of current study was to determine most important risk factors for breast cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) using a systematic review. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science till August 24, 2012 and the reference lists of all included studies were searched. Analytic studies which had reported odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR) or required data to calculate them were included. A total of 343 studies were critically appraised and finally 30 studies were meta-analyzed. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by $I^2$ and Cochran's Q. Egger's test was used to assess publication bias. Results: Twenty five casecontrol studies, one nested case-control and four cohort studies were included. The largest ORs were obtained for history of no live birth (2.25; 95%CI: 1.58-3.18), body mass index (BMI) more than 30 (2.21; 95%CI: 1.71-2.36), age at first pregnancy more than 30 years old (1.52; 95%CI: 1.30-1.77) and meat consumption more than three times per week (1.39; 95%CI: 1.03-1.87). The other important predictors were higher education and smoking as risk factors, physical activity and ovulatory stimulating medication as protective factors. Conclusions: The most important predictors of breast cancer in EMR were history of no live birth, BMI more than 30, age at first pregnancy more than 30 years old, physical inactivity and smoking. Almost all these risk factors are consistent with known risk factors for this cancer in other parts of the world.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2009

The research on meteorological data in Korea has been carried out but without much consistency and has been limited to some areas only. Of relatively more importance has been the area in the utilization of the solar energy, however, the measurement of the global solar horizontal irradiation has been quite limited. In the current study, the actually measured value of the global solar horizontal irradiation from the meteorological data and the theoretically calculated value of the global solar horizontal irradiation from the cloud amount will be analyzed comparatively. The method of analysis will employ the standard meteorological data drafted by the Korean Solar Energy Society, the standard meteorological data from the presently used simulation program and the corresponding results have been compared with the calculated value of the global solar horizontal irradiation from the cloud amount. The results of comparing the values obtained from MBE(Mean Bias Error), RMSE(Root Mean Squares for Error), t-Statistic methods and those from each of the standard meteorological data show that the actually measured value of the meteorological data which have been converted into standard meteorological data with the help of the ISO TRY method give the monthly average value of the global solar horizontal irradiation. These values compared with the monthly average value from the IWEC from the Department of Energy of the USA show that the value of the global solar horizontal irradiation in the USA is quite similar. In the case of the values obtained from calculation from the cloud amount, the weather data provided by TRNSYS, except only slight difference, which means that the actually measured values of the global solar horizontal irradiation are significant. This goes to show that in the case of Korea, the value of the global solar horizontal irradiation provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration is will be deemed correct.