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http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.21.9535

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  

Namiranian, Nasim (Department of Community Medicine. School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences)
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (Department of Community Medicine. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences)
Razavi-Ratki, Seid Kazem (Department of Nuclear medicine. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences)
Doayie, Mahdyie (Ministry of Health and Medical Education)
Nojomi, Marzieh (Department of Community Medicine. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences)
Publication Information
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention / v.15, no.21, 2014 , pp. 9535-9541 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: Identifying risk factors of breast cancer is a key point for preventive strategies to reduce the incidence. The aim of current study was to determine most important risk factors for breast cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) using a systematic review. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science till August 24, 2012 and the reference lists of all included studies were searched. Analytic studies which had reported odds ratios (OR), relative risk (RR) or required data to calculate them were included. A total of 343 studies were critically appraised and finally 30 studies were meta-analyzed. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by $I^2$ and Cochran's Q. Egger's test was used to assess publication bias. Results: Twenty five casecontrol studies, one nested case-control and four cohort studies were included. The largest ORs were obtained for history of no live birth (2.25; 95%CI: 1.58-3.18), body mass index (BMI) more than 30 (2.21; 95%CI: 1.71-2.36), age at first pregnancy more than 30 years old (1.52; 95%CI: 1.30-1.77) and meat consumption more than three times per week (1.39; 95%CI: 1.03-1.87). The other important predictors were higher education and smoking as risk factors, physical activity and ovulatory stimulating medication as protective factors. Conclusions: The most important predictors of breast cancer in EMR were history of no live birth, BMI more than 30, age at first pregnancy more than 30 years old, physical inactivity and smoking. Almost all these risk factors are consistent with known risk factors for this cancer in other parts of the world.
Keywords
Breast cancer; Eastern Mediterranean Region; risk factors; systematic review;
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