• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to find an analytic solution to the problem of determining the optimal capacity of a batch-storage network to meet demand for finished products in a system undergoing joint random variations of operating time and batch material loss. The superstructure of the plant considered here consists of a network of serially and/or parallel interlinked batch processes and storage units. The production processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. The final product demand flow is susceptible to joint random variations in the cycle time and batch size. The production processes have also joint random variations in cycle time and product quantity. The spoiled materials are treated through regeneration or waste disposal processes. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the total cost, which is composed of setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of constructing processes and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis the PSW (Periodic Square Wave) model, provides a judicious graphical method to find the upper and lower bounds of random flows. The advantage of this model is that it provides a set of simple analytic solutions while also maintaining a realistic description of the random material flows between processes and storage units; as a consequence of these analytic solutions, the computation burden is significantly reduced. The proposed method has the potential to rapidly provide very useful data on which to base investment decisions during the early plant design stage. It should be of particular use when these decisions must be made in a highly uncertain business environment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.119-122
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• 2005

In this study, the design simulation for optimal wire batch around service line was made to improve the dielectric strength at the primary winding using Finite Element Method. The automatic convergence algorithm for finding of limit object value using loop circulation method was developed to make the optimal design simulator. The modulation method was suggested to make division time faster which was very important for full simulation efficiency. As a result, the simulation time was reduced and the optimal wire batch design was obtained.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to improve cephalosporin C (CPC) production byoptimization of medium and culture conditions. A statistical method was introduced to optimize the main culture medium. The main medium for CPC production was optimized using a statistical method. Glucose and corn steep liquor (CSL) were found to be the most effective factors for CPC production. Glucose and CSL were optimized to 2.84 and $6.68\%$, respectively. CPC produc­tion was improved $50\%$ by feeding of $5\%$ rice oil at day 3rd and 5th day during the shake flask culture of C acremonium M25. The effect of agitation speeds on CPC production in a 2.5-L bio­reactor was also investigated with fed-batch mode. The maximum cell mass (54.5 g/L) was obtained at 600 rpm. However, the maximum CPC production (0.98 g/L) was obtained at 500 rpm. At this condition, the maximum CPC production was improved about $132\%$ compared to the re­sult with batch flask culture.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1084-1093
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• 2013

problem of pedestrian localization using mobile nodes containing impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) is considered. IEEE 802.15.4a-based IR-UWB can achieve accurate ranging. However, the coverage is as short as 30 m, owing to the restricted transmit power. This factor may cause a poor geometric relationship among the mobile nodes and anchor nodes in certain environments. To localize a group of pedestrians accurately, an enhanced cooperative localization method is proposed. We describe a sequential algorithm and define problems that may occur in the implementation of the algorithm. To solve these problems, a batch algorithm is proposed. The batch algorithm can be carried out after performing the sequential algorithm to linearize the nonlinear range equation. When a sequential algorithm cannot be performed due to a poor geometric relationship among nodes, a batch algorithm can be carried out directly. Herein, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to illustrate the proposed method and verify its performance.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2003년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.247-251
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an approximation of the M/G/1 system with finite workload capacity, where customers whose admission to the system would increase the workload beyond a prespecified finite capacity limit are not accepted. Our approximation method is based on the idea that the service time of a customer in the M/G/1 system can be approximated as the sum of service times of a batch of customers in the $M^{X}/d/1$ system where the service time is deterministic and very small. That is, the original service time is discretized and approximated by the batch size. We exemplified our method by obtaining the average workload of the M/M/1 system by means of the $M^{X}/d/1$ system, where the batch size is geometric. In addition, the approximate blocking probabilities of the M/M/1 and $M/E_{k}/1$ system with finite workload capacities are sought. The proposed method turns out to give a good approximation, which is compared with a simulation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2019

As aeration is an energy-intensive process, its control has become more important to save energy and to meet strict effluent limits. In this study, predictive aeration control based on the respirometric method has been applied to the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process. The variation of the respiration rate by nitrification was great and obvious, so it could be a very useful parameter for the predictive aeration control. The maximum respiration rate due to nitrification was about 60 mg O₂/L·h and the maximum specific nitrification rate was about 7.5 mg N/g MLVSS·h. The aeration time of the following cycle of the SBR was daily adjusted in proportion to that which was previously determined based on the sudden decrease of respiration rate at the end of nitrification in the respirometer. The aeration time required for nitrification could be effectively predicted and it was closely related to influent nitrogen loadings. By the predictive aeration control the aerobic period of the SBR has been optimized, and energy saving and enhanced nitrogen removal could be obtained.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2003

We propose an approximation of the M/G/1 system with finite workload capacity, where those customers whose admission to the system would increase the workload beyond a prespecified finite capacity limit are not accepted. Our approximation method is based on the idea that the service time of a customer in the M/G/1 system can be approximated as the sum of service times of a batch of customers in the $M^X/d/1$ system where the deterministic service time d is small enough. That is, the original service time is discretized and approximated by the batch size. We exemplified our method by obtaining the average workload of the M/M/1 system by means of the $M^X/d/1$ system, where the batch size is geometric. In addition, the approximate blocking probabilities of the M/M/1 and $M/E_k/1$ system with finite workload capacities are sought. The proposed method turns out to give a good approximation, which is compared with a simulation.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.1180-1185
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 입경 제어가 용이하며 입자의 배열 상태가 치밀화된 매우 단분산된 실리카 미립자를 합성키 위하여 회분과 반회분의 적용 순서를 달리한 혼합 공정을 이용, TEOS(Tetraethylorthosilicate)의 가수분해로부터 실리카 미립자를 제조하였다. 실험은 회분과 반회분 각각의 공정을 회분-회분, 회분-반회분, 반회분-회분, 반회분-반회분의 네가지 형태로 순서를 바꾸어 혼합 적용하였으며, 각각의 공정에서 생성된 실리카 입자에 대하여 평균 입경, 입도분표, 수율, 그리고 입자의 치밀화 등을 측정, 비교하였다. 실험결과 최종 평균 입경과 수율은 반회분-반회분>회분-반회분>회분-회분>반회분-회분 공정의 순서로 컸으며, 입도 분포와 입자의 치밀화 정도는 회분-반회분>회분-회분>반회분-회분>반회분-반회분의 순서로 단분산되고 치밀한 결과를 보였다. 이중 반회분-회분, 반회분-반회분과 같이 반회분식으로 먼저 실험하여 입자를 생성한 경우는 두 번째 공정의 종류에 관계없이 모두 2차 핵 생성이 일어나는 결과를 보였으며, 이중 반회분-회분의 혼합 공정에 의해서 생성된 입자는 2차의 회분식 공정 단계에서 반응물이 첨가된 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 오히려 입자가 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 상기 네 가지 공정 중 회분-반회분 순서의 혼합 공정에 의해 생성된 실리카 미립자가 가장 단분산되고 입자의 치밀화가 양호한 상태로 쉽게 입경 제어를 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-244
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• 1994

In many applications of simulation-optimization, when comparing two or more alternatives, it is crucial to be able to estimate the confidence intervals on the outputs of interest with a reasonable level of accuracy. This acuracy has often been tested by the closeness of the coverage of the estimated confidence interval to the intended coverage. In this paper two variations to the Batch-Means Method of estimating the confidence intervals are presented and their performance are compared with the original method. The results indicate that the Batch Means Method modified by factors obtained by a second order autoregressive method is superior to the original and the one modified based on factors obtained from autocorrelation analysis.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.247-256
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• 1996

The multilevel grid file(MLGF) is a dynamic multidimensional file organization supporting multi-attribute accesses efficiently. The paper proposes new method for batch-constructing MLGFs. Our method consists of two phases. The first phase begins by relocating all the objects in order that logically adjacent objects in multidimensional domain space are clustered in one dimensional physical space. For this, our method employs the Z-ordering scheme, which effectively maps multidimensional space into one dimensional space preserving proximity. The second phase paginates the relocated objects and creates leaf level directory entries, each of which corresponds to a object page. Simultaneously, it performs same actions on the directory entries recursively in a bottom-up fashion until the root directory fits in a page. For performance evaluation, we analyze our method in terms of the number of page accesses. The result shows the optimality of our method.