• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of the SDBBA (Subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis) procedure on patients with late complication of intra-articular calcaneal fractures including subtalar joint arthritis and anterior ankle impingement syndrome. Materials and Methods: Five cases in which the SDBBA procedure was implemented were followed for more than one year. All five patients were male with an average age of 56. Clinically, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and the pain score were assessed. Radiographically, the talocalcaneal height and the talar inclination angle were determined. Results: All five patients achieved subtalar joint fusion. The average pre-operative AOFAS score was 22.8 scores (range, 8-32 scores). At last follow-up, these scores improved to an average of 72.4 scores (range, 64-82 scores). The average pre-operative pain score was 8.2 scores (range, 7-10 scores). At last follow-up, these scores improved to an average of 13.2 (range, 12-15 scores). The average pre-operative talocalcaneal height was 72.8 mm (range, 70-77 mm), average post-operative talocalcaneal height improved to 79.8 mm (range, 78-84 mm). At final follow-up, these measurement was slightly decreased to average 78.6 mm (range, 74-83 mm). The average pre-operative talar inclination angle was 13.2 degrees (range, 12-15 degrees), average post-operative talar inclination angle improvedto 19.2 degrees (range, 15-24 degrees). At final follow-up, these measurement was slightly decreased to average 18.6 degrees (range, 12-24 degrees). Four patients achieved successful outcomes. One patient developed a wound infection with subsequent sural neuropathy as well as collapse of the bone graft. Conclusion: This study shows that the SDBBA procedure successfully restores the talocalcaneal height and tibio-talar relationship. This procedure is useful in surgically managed patients with talo-calcaneal height loss and anterior ankle impingement syndrome due to the late complications of calcaneal intra-articular fractures.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of Muscle Energy Technique(MET) for peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: 60 Patients were divided into two groups. Group A(n=30) received the treatment with existing Korean medicine. Group B(n=30) received the MET with existing Korean medicine. It was performed once a day, five time per a week for three weeks. we analyzed Yanagihara's score and House-Brackmann scale Results: A week after MET treatment, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $7.17{\pm}6.34$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $8.84{\pm}5.22$. (p=0.72). Two weeks after MET, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $12.39{\pm}4.94$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $15.12{\pm}3.20$. (p=0.04). Three weeks after MET, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $17.11{\pm}5.31$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $22.78{\pm}3.67$. (p=0.01). A is $3.87{\pm}1.36$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $3.64{\pm}1.76$. (p=0.63). Two weeks after MET treatment, House-Brackmann Scale average of Group A is $3.20{\pm}0.97$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $3.02{\pm}1.03$. (p=0.05). Three weeks after MET, House-Brackmann Scale average of Group A is $2.84{\pm}1.12$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $2.23{\pm}0.78$. (p=0.04). Conclusion: MET treatment is effective for improve the symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis. Therefore, it will be used to peripheral facial paralysis.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.505-514
• /
• 2012

이 연구는 미국남자프로골프협회 (PGA)가 제공하는 경기기록을 통해 경기능력이 평균타수에 미치는 영향을 경로분석에 의해 규명하였다. 즉 PGA 선수의 경기능력을 나타내는 6개의 변인(드라이브 정확도, 드라이버 거리, 그린 적중률, 샌드세이브, 스크램블링율, 평균퍼팅수)이 평균타수에 미치는 영향을 (1) 드라이버 정확도, 드라이버 거리, 그린적중률이 버디평균과 평균타수에 주는 영향과 (2) 샌드세이브, 스크램블링, 평균퍼팅수이 보기평균과 평균타수에 미치는 영향으로 가정하여 분석하였다. 이러한 목적에 따른 연구결과는 첫째, 드라이브 정확도가 버디평균에 미치지 못하였으며 그린적중률과 드라이브 거리가 직접적으로 평균타수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 샌드세이브율, 스크램블링율, 평균퍼팅이 보기평균에 유의한 영향을 미치며 평균퍼팅이 평균타수에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 그린적중률, 드라이브거리, 샌드세이브율, 스크램블링율이 평균타수에 영향을 미치면서 상대적으로 스크램블링율이 가장 높게, 샌드세이브율이 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2011

A field experiment was conducted to examine the fruit quality characters in second generation ($F_2$) hybrid cultivar and to compare the fruit characters with original $F_1$ hybrid cultivar of minipaprika (yellow and orange type) at the Research Farm, Hwacheon in July, 2010. Fruit characters varied within $F_2$ population of each minipaprika type. In minipaprika yellow, fruit weight varied from 12.2 g to 50.8 g (average 28.5 g) and fruit length/width varied from 1.4 to 2.8 (average, 2.0). Pericarp thickness ranged from 1.8 mm to 4.1 mm (average, 2.9 mm). Total soluble solid (TSS) varied from $6.2^{\circ}Brix$ to $13.5^{\circ}Brix$ with an average of $8.7^{\circ}Brix$. Fruit volume varied from 10.3 cc to 46.7 cc with an average of 24.4 cc. In minipaprika orange type, fruit weight ranged from 19.7 g to 42.4 g (average, 29.0 g) and fruit length/width varied from 1.5 to 2.6 (average, 2.0). Pericarp thickness varied from 2.1 mm to 4.1 mm with an average of 3.0 mm. TSS varied from $5.0^{\circ}Brix$ to $12.2^{\circ}Brix$ (average, $7.9^{\circ}Brix$) and average fruit volume was 24.6 cc ranging from 10.7 cc to 35.0 cc. The average fruit quality characters in $F_2$ population in both yellow and orange minipaprika did not differ from their $F_1$ hybrid parent and $F_2$ seed can be an additional way to supply high yielding hybrid cultivars at lower cost to the minipaprika growers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2009

This study was to investigate for comparison between single rating and average ratings from multiple presentations of the same stimulus for measuring the voice quality of dysphonia using 7-point equal-appearing interval (EAI) rating scale. Overall severity of voice quality for 46 /a/ vowel stimuli (23 stimuli from dysphonia, 23 stimuli from control) was rated by 3 experienced speech-language pathologists (averaged 19 years; range = 7 to 40 years). For average ratings, each stimulus was rated five times in random order and averaged from two to five times. Although higher inter-rater reliability was found in average ratings than in single rating, there were no significant differences in rating scores between single and multiple average ratings judged by experienced listeners, suggesting that auditory perceptual ratings judged by well-trained listeners have relatively good agreement with the same stimulus across the judgment. Larger variations in perceptual ratings were observed for moderate voices than for mild or severe voices, even in the average ratings.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2008

This study collected the latest 30-year (1976~2005) continuous rainfall data hourly recorded at 61 meterological observatories in Korea. The continuous rainfall data was divided into individual rainfall events. In addition, distribution charts of average intervent times between adjacent rainfall events were created to facilitate the application to the overflow risk-based design of storm-water infiltration basin. This study shows that the one-parameter exponential distribution is suitable for the frequency distribution of the average intervent times for the domestic rainfall data. Distribution charts of the average intervent times were created for 4 hour and 6 hour of storm separation time, respectively. The inland Gyeongsangbuk-do and Western coastal area had relatively longer average intervent times, whereas Southern coastal area and Jeju-do had relatively shorter average intervent times.

• 한국수학교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수학교육학회 2006년도 제36회 전국수학교육연구대회 프로시딩
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate how fifth and sixth graders recognize average and to find out suggestions for teaching/learning methods of average by examining which difference there is depending on the way of the word problem presentation. To solve these study questions, With the way of the word problem presentation set up as experimental treatment experiment was conducted to analyze these. In conclusion, since students who did not learn the regular course of average values had various informal concepts already, it is needed to consider handling more various concepts of average in order to enable students to expand flexible thoughts. And informal concepts of average students showed were the same or similar to types of formalized concepts and had logicality and propriety in their own way. Compared with fifth graders, sixth graders showed a wide difference in informal concepts of average depending on the way of the word problem presentation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.1593-1600
• /
• 2015

A control chart is very useful in monitoring various production process. There are many situations in which the simultaneous control of two or more related quality variables is necessary. We construct bivariate Shewhart control charts based on the trace of the product of the estimated variance-covariance matrix and the inverse of the in-control matrix and investigate the properties of bivariate Shewart control charts with VSI procedure for monitoring covariance matrix in term of ATS (Average time to signal) and ANSW (Average number of switch) and probability of switch, ASI (Average sampling interval). Numerical results show that ATS is smaller than ARL. From examining the properties of switching in changing covariances and variances in ${\Sigma}$, ANSW values show that it does not switch frequently and does not matter to use VSI procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.911-925
• /
• 2017

We investigate the properties of multivariate Shewart control charts with VSI procedure for monitoring simultaneous monitoring mean vector and covariance matrix in term of ANSW (average number of switches), probability of switch and ASI (average sampling interval), ATS (average time to signal). From examining the ANSW values, we know that it does not switch frequently. The VSI control charts are superior to the corresponding FSI control charts in terms of ATS. And, it can be also seen that the VSI procedures have substantially fewer switches for small or moderate shifts of the mean vector and variances.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 1993

A moving average model, LMA(q) and an autoregressive-moving average model, NLARMA(p, q), with Laplacian marginal distribution are constructed and their properties are discussed; Their autocorrelation structures are completely analogus to those of Gaussian process and they are partially time reversible in the third order moments. Finally, we study the mixing property of NLARMA process.