• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

The goal of this study was to elucidate wild yeast diversity of Geumgang midstream near Sejong metropolitan autonomous city, Korea. Thirty-seven strains of 32 species of wild yeasts were isolated from 43 water and soil samples under the Bulti bridge of Sejong city, Korea. Seven yeasts of each Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. were the predominant species isolated from samples near the Bulti bridge. Holtermanniella takashimae SW048 (NNIBRFG9314), Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum SW013 (NNIBRFG9310), Mrakia cryoconite SW015 (NNIBRFG9316), Pichia sporocuriosa SW085 (NNIBRFG9326) and Cryptococcus aspenensis SW008 (NNIBRFG9309) represented novel yeast strains found in Korea for the first time. All of these previously unrecorded yeasts, except for Mrakia cryoconite SW015 had ascospores and grew well in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD), yeast extract-malt extract (YM) and potato-extrose (PD) media. Pichia sporocuriosa SW085 grew well in vitamin-free medium and Holtermanniella takashimae SW048, which was a halotolerant wild yeast, grew well YPD medium containing 5 % NaCl. Twenty-six strains representing eight species of wild yeast were isolated from 22 water and soil samples under the Haetmuri bridge of Sejong city, Korea. Candida pseudolambica (12 strains) and Aureobasidium pullulans (11 strains) were the predominant isolates from samples near the Haetmuri bridge. Occultifur kilbournensis HB060 (NNIBRFG9317), Sampaiozyma vanillica HB014 (NNIBRFG9332), Xenoramularia neerlandica HB039 (NNIBRFG9335), Candida norvegica HB315 (NNIBRFG9306), C. melibiosica HB316 (NNIBRFG9305), C. quercuum GB014 (NNIBRFG9307), and C. succiphila GB015 (NNIBRFG9308) represented novel yeast strains recorded in Korea for the first time. O. kilbournensis HB060 and X. neerlandica HB039 did not form ascospores or pseudo-mycelia. All of these previously unrecorded yeasts, except S. vanillica HB014 and X. neerlandica HB039, grew well in vitaminfree medium, and C. norvegica HB315 and C. succiphila GB015, which were halotolerant wild yeasts, which grew well in YPD medium containing 5 % NaCl.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2003

A sclerotinia rot of Water cress (Oenanthe javanica) occurred in the commerical farmers field at Garye-myon, Uiryeong-gun, Gyeongnam Province, Korea, 2002. The typical symptoms appeared on leaves and stems. At first, the infected leaves or stems turned dark green later become watery soft rotted; white fluffy mycelia grew from the lesion, later formed black sclerotia. Sclerotia on the infected plants and PDA medium were globose to cylindrical or irregular in shape and 1.0~10.7 ${\times}$1.0~7.6 mm in size. Cup-shaped aphothecia with numerous asci were formed from sclerotinia and the size were 0.4~1.6 cm in diameter. Asci with 8 spores were cylindrical and 74~236 ${\times}$ 4.2~24.8 m in size. Ascospores of one cell were hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, and 8.3~12.4 ${\times}$ 3.6~7.2 m in size. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$ , and sclerotinia forma-tion was between 15~$20^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test to host plants, the fungus was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This is the first report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused sclerotinia rot on Oenanthe javanica caused by in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1981

Mycelial growth and fruit body formation of Diehlomyces microsporus were best on mushroom spawn extract medium and rice bran extract medium, respectively. L-asparagine, fructose and glucose were good nutrient sources for mycelial growth. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Maximum mycelial growth occurred at pH 5.5 while optimum pH for ascospore germination was 6.0. Mycelial mats of D. microsporus did not survive at $60^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes while ascospores at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes. Damages of fruit body of Agaricus bisporus caused by D. microsporus were maximum when the fruit bodies were infected at spawning and casing on the compost. The truffle disease could be controlled by basamid with $100{\sim}150 ppm$ treating on the compost after filling.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.212-223
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• 2017

To screen for potent anti-inflammatory compound-producing yeasts, we evaluated nitric oxide production inhibitory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using cell-free extracts from 182 non-pathogenic yeasts. Rhodotorula graminis YJ36-1 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii YJ34-2 showed high inhibitory activities of 57.4% and 47.0%, respectively. The microbiological characteristics of these yeasts were investigated. Rhodotorula graminis YJ36-1 formed ascospores and pseudomycelium. This species grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium, vitamin-free medium, and 5% NaCl-containing YPD medium. Meyerozyma guilliermondii YJ34-2 was an asporogenous yeast and did not form pseudomycelium. This strain also grew well at $30^{\circ}C$ in YPD medium, vitamin-free medium, and 5% NaCl-containing YPD medium.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

The goal of this study was to isolate wild yeasts from reed fields in the Seocheon-gun county in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Molecular analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA of the yeasts isolated from soil samples was performed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). In total, 20 yeast strains from 11 species were isolated from 20 different soil samples. Candida species were observed to be the most common yeasts. Of these 20 strains, Candida subhashii (6 strains), Candida tropicalis (3 strains), Candida boleticola MS008, and Lachancea thermotolerans (2 strains) were identified as alcohol-fermenting yeasts. Further, Bullera japonica YJ10-1, Candida subhashii J7-1, Kluyveromyces yarrowii YJ11-1, and Ustilago shanxiensis Y10-1 were newly recorded yeast strains in Korea, and therefore, their microbiological characteristics were investigated further. All of these unrecorded yeast strains had oval cells; only Candida subhashii J7-1 formed ascospores and pseudomycelia. Kluyveromyces yarrowii YJ11-1 grew in vitamin-free medium, and all of these strains, except Candida subhashii J7-1, grew in 5% NaCl-containing YPD broth.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2007

Since 2003, anthracnose symptoms on Eucalyptus globulus were observed in farmer's field at Jisepo, Ilwoon-myon, Geoje city, Gyeongnam province, Korea. Typical symptoms of dark brown to black spot appeared on the leaves, twigs, and stems. Infected young trees were wilted, blighted and died eventually. The pathogen isolated from the typical symptom formed gray to dark gray colony on potato dextrose agar and showed optimum growth at $30^{\circ}C$. Conidia were single celled, colorless, cylindrical with obtuse ends, and $9{\sim}22{\times}3{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were dark brown, ovate to obovate, and $6{\sim}18{\times}4{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in size. Perithecia were black and globose in shape and $76{\times}274{\mu}m$ in size. Asci were clavate to cylindrical in shape and $42{\sim}76{\times}8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ in size. Ascospores were cylindrical, fusiform, slightly curved at the center, and $10{\sim}23{\times}4{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on E. globulus, the pathogen was identified as Glomerella cingulata. This is the first report of the anthracnose on E, globulus caused by G. cingulata in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.246-254
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• 1996

Since the mid of 1980's, cultivation area and production of Ganoderma lucidum have been increased annually in Korea. However, the presence of a fungal disease has become a major limiting factor in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, causing a serious economic loss. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungus to Ganoderma lucidum. Several fungi isolated from the wood logs showing typical symptoms were tested whether they are pathogenic to Ganoderma lucidum or not by cross-pairing culture method, flask inoculation method, and wood log inoculation method. The pathogenic fungus produced ascomata. Mature ascomata was spherical, dark, thick-walled, $45{\sim}95\;{\mu}m$ diameter. Asci were thin-walled, evanescent when mature, disintegrate early. Ascospores were spherical, hyaline, glaborous, thick-walled, refractive, $3.6{\sim}4.3\;{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophores soon became abundantly septate and broke up into arthrospores, which are cylindrical, $3{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$ long and $3{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$ wide. Based on the observations under dissecting microscope, light microscope and scanning electron microscope, teleomorph and anamorph of the pathogenic fungus were identified as Xylogone sphaerospora Von Arx & Nilsson and Sporendonema purpurascens (Bonordon) Mason & Hughes, respectively. X. sphaerospora is first reported as a pathogenic fungus of Ganoderma lucidum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1965

Powdery mildew of Ailanthus altissima Sw. was first reported by J.S. Park in Korea, 1961. According to his report, this disease was found on the leaves of this tree species collected in Jeongup, 1957, and in Taejon, 1958. He described morphological characters of this pathogen and described also that the causal fungus may be closely related with Phyllactinia corylea. This disease which appears dusty grayish yellow molds under surface of leaves was collected again by the author in Kwangju, 1962. The present works were undertaken to make clear the species of causal fungus by means of the morphology and pathogenecity. According to the following results, the pathogen was identified as Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst. Morphological characters of the fungus Mycelia persistent or more or less evanescent; matured conidia solitary, aseptate, short-clavate to clavate to clavate, hyaline or yellowish, granulate, $44.6-89.2{\times}9.3-24.2{\mu}$, average $64.8-17.8{\mu}$ in size; conidiophores elongate clavate or columnar, hyaline, 2-3 septate, $122.8-346.0{\times}3.7-7.4{\mu}$, average $208.8{\times}6.3{\mu}$; per-thecia usually scattered, rarely gregarious, dark brown to black, depressed globose to globose, $223.2-297.6{\mu}$, average $267.8{\mu}$ in diameter; appendages 12-19, usually 15 in number, hyaline, straight, needle-shaped, sharply pointed at the apex and bulbous at the base, aseptate, $93.0-310.0{\times}5.0-8.0{\mu}$, average $173.3{\times}6.4{\mu}$ in size; asci elongate ellipsoidal to broadly clavate, hyaline, more or less stalked, 8-13 in number, $68.5-76.6{\times}26.1-34.2{\mu}$, average $71.4{\times}29.0{\mu}$ in size; ascospores 2-4, usually 2 in number, hyaline or yellowish, aseptate, ellipsoidal or ovate, $27.7-34.2{\times}14.7-17.9{\mu}$, average $25.5{\times}13.9{\mu}$ in size. Pathogenicity of the fungi In order to make clear the species of the fungus and the pathogenic differences of Phyllactinia fungi which are collected around the contaminated area and seemed to be related to Ailanthus powdery mildew, some inoculation experiments were performed. 1. Cross inoculation to several tree species with their pathogen: Tested materials; Phyllactinia in question on Ailanthus altissima Sw. Ph. fraxini (DC.) Homma. On Alnus firma S. et Z. Ph. moricola (P. Henn.) Homma on morus alba L. According to the results of the experiments, the reactions were all negative with the exception of the original hosts of tested fungi. 2. Inoculation to Picrasma ailanthoides Planch. : The appearance of symptom on the leaves of P. ailanthoides is not distinct, but more or less mycelial growth. Therefore, under the optimal condition in glass chamber, it may be possible to success artificially.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2002

Anthracnose symptoms were observed on the community area in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongnam Province in Korea. The symptoms occurred on leaf and stem, and then plants eventually were died. Colony color was whitish gray to dark gray on potato dextrose agar. Conidia were single celled . colorless, cylindrical and was 10.2~20.4$\times$3.6$\times$6.0$\mu$m in size. Appressoria were dark brown, ovate to obovate and 6.2~10.5$\times$4.3$\times$8.6$\mu$m in size. Perithecia were brown to black in color and shaped as globose to obpyriform and 72.6~284.7$\mu$m in size. Asci were clavate to cylindrical in shape and 63.6~98.8$\times$8.3~12.5$\mu$m in size. Ascospores were cylindrical. fusiform, slightly curved at the center and 9.6~21.8$\times$4.0~6.0$\mu$m in size. Optimum temperature fur growth was 3$0^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Glomerella cingulata . This is the first report on the Anthracnose of achyranthes caused by Glomerella cingulata in Korea.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2015

Cordyceps militaris is being studied and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom having many valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. In the breeding of new C. militaris mushroom, single ascospores were isolated and examined their mycelial growth, mycelial density, and production of stroma and perithecia. Among them selected isolates were crossed and hybrids were produced showing high quality fruiting bodies on artificial media. Mycelial growth rate of new strain 'Dowonhongcho' was higher than that of better on 'Yedang 3' on SDAY at $10-25^{\circ}C$. The stromata of new strain were club-shaped and bright orange-red. Its height was 6.1 cm and the cordycepin content was 0.34% on average. The new strain showed 9% higher yield than 'Yedang 3' with producing firmer fruit bodies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature for stroma development was $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. Fruiting bodies were began to produce 45 days later after inoculation. This new cultivar may serve as a valuable one for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris.