• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.144-149
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• 2008

Physiological, sensory and microbiological evaluations were conducted during fermentation of Chungkookjang. with Choi-cha (non-fermented green tea) powder in efforts to improve the sensory quality of Chungkookjang. Growth of fermentative microorganisms in Chungkookjang was inhibited by Choi-cha; the pH and VBN value decreased as the concentration of Choi-cha increased. Brightness (L) and redness (a) of Chungkookjang fermented with Choi-cha were significantly decreased, resulting in the appearance of all samples fermented with Choi-cha being less attractive than was the control. The sensory quality of Chungkookjang was significantly increased when Choi-cha was added up to 3%, (w/v), and off-odor was reduced. The antioxidative property of Chungkookjang fermented with 3% (w/v) Choi-cha was significantly higher than that of the control. This result indicated that the sensory quality of Chungkookjang was improved by fermentation with 3% (w/v) of Choi-cha powder.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2012

This study was conducted to clarify the antimicrobial effects and radical scavenging activities of the cosmetic compositions having the natural plant pigments, and to enhance the natural materials utilization of cosmetics. The antimicrobial activities of the fifteen kinds of cosmetic composition having natural plant pigments were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Most of the cosmetic composition having the natural pigments showed the clear zone formation of growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aspergillus flavus. Especially, purple sweet potato, bitter melon, mulberry leaf and gromwell showed the higher antimicrobial activities. All the cosmetic compositions were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging capacity and nitrite scavenging ability activity. Both of the free radical DPPH and nitrite scavenging ability was the highest in the cosmetic compositions of onion peel, and these antioxidant activity was significant differences according to different plant pigments. In this study, we conjectured that the plant pigment had the potent biological activities, therefore these plant resources having functional components could be a good materials for development into source of natural cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

Antioxidative effects of crude ethanol extract of the Rhus javanica L. and its fractionates with various synergists on the oxidation of palm oil, lard and soybean oil were compared with induction period(IP) using a Rancimat test. Addition of 200 ppm of the crude extract with phosphoric acid to palm oil extended IP 2.89 times as much as that of control and ethyl acetate fractionate extended IP 4.18 times at the same condition. To lard, 600 ppm of chloroform fraction with 200 ppm of ${\delta}-Tocopherol$ extended IP 13.42 times as much as that of control. 200 ppm of each fraction with various synergists were added to palm oil and lard, and oxidative stability of the oils were monitored by measuring POV, AV, and TBA value. The POV of palm oil containing 200 ppm of ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction with 200 ppm of phosphoric acid after 27 days storage at $60^{\circ}C$ were 8.9 meq/kg and 9.4 meq/kg respectively while the POV of control was 98.3 meq/kg at the same condition. AV and TBA value were also lower than that of control. The POV value of lard containing same amount of ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction with ${\delta}-Tocopherol$ after 12 day storage at $60^{\circ}C$ were 20.0meq/kg and 10.7 meq/kg respectively while the POV of control was 161.1 meq/kg at the same condition. AV and TBA value were also lower than that of control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and skin whitening effects of Artemisia iwayomogi extract. Artemisia iwayomogi was extracted with 100% ethanol and water. The antioxidative and skin whitening effects of these extracts were determined with in vitro assays by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method assessing the inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Radical scavenging activity of the extracts was tested by DPPH assay which showed a high DPPH radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$; 17.1 ppm in EtOH, 198.4 ppm in water). In term of tyrosinase inhibitory activity, Artemisia iwayomogi ethanol extract showed high inhibition activity ($IC_{50}$: 481.8 ppm). In B16 mouse melanoma cells, the ethanol extract significantly inhibited melanin synthesis by 36.8% at a concentration of 50 ppm. These results suggest that Artemisia iwayomogi ethanol extract has significant antioxidant activity and whitening activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1420-1427
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• 2012

We investigated the physiological activity and solvent-partitioned fractions of methanol extracts from the green seaweed Sargassum fulvellum. The methanol extract from S. fulvellum was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane (SFMH), methanol (SFMM), buthanol (SFMB), and water (SFMA). We investigated the antioxidant activities of solvent fractions from S. fulvellum by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and an SOD activity assay. DPPH radical scavenging capacity of SFMM was 79.5% at 10 mg/ml. SOD activity of SFMM was 79.9% at 10 mg/ml. Nitrite scavenging activities of solvent fractions from S. fulvellum were investigated under different pH conditions and showed the most remarkable effect at pH 1.2. In particular, the activity of SFMB was higher than the other fractions. ADH activity and ALDH activity of SFMM were 177.0% and 167.4% at 10 mg/ml, respectively. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of SFMH increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 94.1% at 2 mg/ml. Elastase inhibitory activity was 93.2% at 2 mg/ml. These results revealed that S. fulvellum extracts have strong antioxidant and alcohol dehydrogenase activities and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, suggesting that S. fulvellum extracts have potential as a source of natural products for health and beauty.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2003

The antioxidative activities and biological properties in the EtOAc extracts and purified extracts of Orostachys japonicus were measured by assay of DPPH, xanthine/xanthine oxidase and mammalian cells(2-12). Scavenging of DPPH radical and inhibition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase of EtOAc extracts were showed the highest activity in the arable land and in September. The S-4 fraction showed the highest activity among the silica-gel column chromatography fractions. LH-4 fraction showed higher activity than the other fractionsins in assay of DPPH and xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Fatty acids and phenolic compounds were identified by GC/MS and main compounds were 1,2,3-benzenetriol, alpha-androsta-7,14-diene in LH-4 fraction. The activities of POD and SOD in samples havested on different habitats were high such as arable land> intermountain> seashore. That of POD and SOD in crude extracts of late stage were higher than early stage. Isozyme bands of crude extracts samplinged in all habitats and all growing stages showed two bands and the signal intensity showed strongly according to passage of growing stage. The purified extracts of LH-4 fraction showed excellent inhibition effect in proliferation of HL-60 cells and markedly suppressed colony formation in mouse fibroblast cells. Dose response between partially purified extracts(400ppm) and negative control did not produced statistically significant reduction in colony formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Through the application of a microwave-assisted extraction, the aim of study was to investigate the extraction conditions for the total yield, electron donating ability, total polyphenol contents and nitrite scavenging effect from Pleurotus eryngii. This experiment was conducted under the following extraction conditions: the microwave power (60, 90, 120 W), sample to solvent ratio (1:50, 1:20, 1:10), extraction time (1, 5, 10, 15 mins), and extractant like water, $50\%$ EtOH and $99\%$ EtOH. During the increase of microwave power ranging from 60 to 120 W, the maximized effective components were obtained when the microwave power was set at 60 W. By decreasing the ratio down to 1:10 (g/mL), the extraction of effective components but not total yield was the highest at 1:10 (g/mL). As going up to 15 min, the maximum extraction of effective components was achieved at 1 min for the extraction time and was little affected at over 5 min. In conclusion, the most appropriate conditions for the extraction of effective compounds from Pleurotus eryngii were as follows: the microwave power at 60 W, 1:10 of the sample to solvent ratio, extraction time at 1 min and water as the extractant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1286-1292
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) isolated from Ligularia fischeri against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Antioxidative effects of 3,5-DCQA were determined by measuring antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] expression levels against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using real-time PCR analysis. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly increased gene expression levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) in HepG2 cells. Hepatoprotective effects were analyzed by measuring glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities using a biochemistry analyzer in hydrogen peroxide-treated HepG2 cells. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly reduced GOT, LDH, and GGT activities in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) against increased liver function index enzyme activities induced by hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The results reveal that 3,5-DCQA compound isolated from Ligularia fischeri can be useful for the development of an effective hepatoprotective agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.626-632
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• 2005

The polyamines are essential components of all eukaryotic cells and absolutely necessary for cell growth. In the present study, the cytoprotective role of polyamine was characterized. When $Ac_2F$ rat liver cells were treated with 1M 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dehydrochloride (AAPH), a water soluble free radical initiator, viability of the cells was noticeably decreased due to the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxic effect of AAPH as well as ROS generation were significantly inhibited by the treatment of polyamines. Among polyamines, especially spermine at $20{\mu}M$ concentration exerted over $45\%$ inhibition of AAPH-induced ROS generation. Western blotting was performed to determine whether superoxide dismutase(SOD) or catalase (CAT) expression was involved in oxidative stress. The AAPH treatment blocked both SOD and CAT protein expressions. Spermine could recover those protein expressions to the untreated control levels. According to the result of cycline E measurement, AAPH might block the entry of the cells into S phase of the cell cycle. The reduced expression of cyclin E protein could be fully recovered by the addition of spermine. The antioxidative effects of spermine was also further proved by the apopotitic morphological analysis using ethidium bromide and acridine orange.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.263-275
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• 2008

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is one of significant risk factors of developing diabetes. The persons with IFG are, thus, an important target group for primary prevention of diabetes. It is well known that plasma homocysteine concentration may be increased in poor folate nutritional status. Elevated level of plasma homocysteine is considered as a marker of enhanced oxidative stress. In addition, the protective effect against oxidative stress may be diminished in poor antioxidative nutrient status as vitamin C. It is, therefore, important to maintain adequate nutritional status of folate and vitamin C in the patients with type 2 diabetes or IFG. This study was performed to determine the effects of supplementation of folic acid or vitamin C on plasma concentrations of homocysteine, oxidized LDL, and lipids and on the activity of plasma anti-oxidative enzyme in patients with IFG. A total of 97 patients with IFG were participated voluntarily with written consents. They were divided into one of the four experimental groups; Control (C), Folatesupplemented (F), Ascorbate-supplemented (A), and Folate plus ascorbate-supplemented (FA). The subjects in C were taken placebo, those in F were supplemented 1 mg of folate, those in A were received 1,000 mg of vitamin C, and those in FA were given 1 mg of folate plus 1,000 mg of vitamin C daily for 4 weeks. No change in plasma concentrations of vitamin C, lipids, and oxidized LDL and the activity of GSH-Px were observed in vitamin C-supplemented group (A + FA) and folate-supplemented group (F + FA) compared to the placebo group (C + A). Only the folate-supplemented group (F + FA) had significantly increased average serum folate concentration and lowered plasma homocysteine concentration compared to the placebo group (C + A). Thus, it should be recommended the patients with IFG to increase folate intake through diets and, if it is not sufficient, to take folic acid supplements to prevent the development of complications induced by hyperhomocysteinemia as well as oxidative stress.