• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2274-2278
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• 2011

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and is classified as a class IV anti-arrhythmic agent. It is used in the control of supra ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and in the management of classical and variant angina pectoris. It is also used in the treatment of hypertension and used as an important therapeutic agent for angina pectoris, ischemic heart disease, hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Verapamil commonly co-administered with NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) i.e. diclofenac sodium, flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, mefanamic acid and meloxicam. A simple and rapid RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination and quantification of verapamil and NSAIDs was developed and validated. The mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile: water (55:45) whose pH was adjusted at 2.7 and pumped at a flow rate of 2.0 mL $min^{-1}$ at 230 nm. The proposed method is simple, precise, accurate, low cost and least time consuming for the simultaneous determination of verapamil and NSAIDs which can be effectively applied for the analysis of human serum.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2021

Hibiscus hamabo is a deciduous shrub that grows around salt marshes and is considered a semi-mangrove plant found in Asia. There are no studies on the biological activity of H. hamabo except for studies on the anthocyanin content. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of H. hamabo extract (HHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) induced by LPS moves into the nucleus, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines are promoted and the inflammatory reaction begins. The nitric oxide (NO) production decreased by the treatment of HHE. Moreover, mRNA levels of inflammation-related cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, were significantly suppressed by HHE. Similarly, the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were also decreased. The phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, was suppressed by HHE. As a result, HHE can be used as an effective natural material for the anti-inflammatory agent.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2015

Asthma is an increasing global health problem, and novel strategies to prevent or ameliorate the condition are needed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma effects of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extracts. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 80% ethanol extracts (AE) of A. triphylla on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. AE treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In particular, NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was suppressed more effectively by aerial parts (AE-A) than roots (AE-R) of A. triphylla. Quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that AE reduced mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. We also evaluated the anti-asthmatic effects of AE-A in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mouse model. AE-A supplementation significantly reduced the amounts of airway eosinophils, IL-4 and IL-13 levels in BALF, and IgE levels in serum as compared with untreated, OVA-induced mice. These results suggest that AE-A can be considered as a therapeutic agent to potentially relieve asthma.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 C. pubescens Burkill 에탄올 추출물(CPEE)의 항산화능과 항염증 생리활성을 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ROS 생성 억제능, NO 소거 활성 등을 통해 분석하였다. 먼저 CPEE의 항산화능을 DPPH 라디칼 소거능으로 분석한 결과 강한 소거능을 보였으며, 좀 더 자세한 항산화능 작용기작을 알아보기 위해 ROS 생성 억제능으로 분석한 결과 농도 의존적으로 강한 ROS 소거능을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라 대표적인 항산화 효소인 HO-1 및 그 전사 인자인 Nrf2의 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 CPEE에 의해 HO-1 및 Nrf2의 발현이 증가됨을 보였다. 한편 CPEE가 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO 생성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 농도의 존적인 NO 생성 저해능을 보였으며 이는 NO 생성 단백질인 iNOS의 발현 저해에서 기인함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 CPEE의 높은 항산화능과 항염증 활성을 확인하였으며 향후 잠재적인 기능성 소재로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.601-610
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• 2003

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin used as a skin conditioning agent and promotes the formation of intercellular lipid layers through increased lipid synthesis, which improves the skin's natural barrier function. The anti-inflammatory effects of biotin have been investigated using in vitro assay models, such as MTT assay, measurements of concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE$_2$), and inhibition rate of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX). In comparison with biotin, other plant extracts were tested at the same time which were kudzu vine extract, sage extract, paeonia extract, and dipotassium glycyrrhetinate. Nitric oxide is a signal molecule with functions such as neurotransmission, local vascular relaxation, and anti-inflammation in many physiological and pathological processes. NO can cause apoptosis and necrosis of target cells such as keratinocytes and is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase $A_2$/cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 recently have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of tissue injury and inflammation, also has been implicated as an immunosuppressive agent and plasma levels of PGE$_2$ are elevated in patients sustaining thermal injury. Lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid have been implicated in inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity of the raw materials was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of lipoxygenase.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2018

Loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major consideration to maintain sustained response. Reversal of immunogenicity can re-establish response and increase the durability of these agents. Strategies to reverse immunogenicity include dose-intensification and/or the addition of an immunomodulator. However, there is a relative paucity of data on the efficacy of such interventions in pediatric IBD patients. Available reports have not strictly utilized homogenous mobility shift assay, which reports on anti-drug antibodies even in the presence of detectable drug, whereas prior studies have been confounded by the use of drug sensitive assays. We report four pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients with successful reversal of immunogenicity on an anti-TNF agent using dose intensification and/or addition of an immunomodulator.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and utero-relaxant effect of ${\alpha}$-bisabolol on the pregnant human myometrium. Samples from the pregnant human myometrium were used in functional tests to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ${\alpha}$-bisabolol (560, 860, 1,200 and $1,860{\mu}M$) on spontaneous myometrial contractions. The intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels generated in response to ${\alpha}$-bisabolol in human myometrial homogenates were measured by ELISA. The anti-inflammatory effect of ${\alpha}$-bisabolol was determined through the measurement of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF{\alpha}$) and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, in pregnant human myometrial explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Forskolin was used as a positive control to evaluate the cAMP and cytokine levels. ${\alpha}$-Bisabolol was found to induce a significant inhibition of spontaneous myometrial contractions at the highest concentration level (p<0.05). ${\alpha}$-Bisabolol caused a concentration-dependent decrease in myometrial cAMP levels (p<0.05) and a concentration-dependent decrease in LPS-induced $TNF{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ production, while IL-10 production did not increase significantly (p>0.05). The anti-inflammatory and utero-relaxant effects induced by ${\alpha}$-bisabolol were not associated with an increase in cAMP levels in pregnant human myometrial samples. These properties place ${\alpha}$-bisabolol as a potentially safe and effective adjuvant agent in cases of preterm birth, an area of pharmacological treatment that requires urgent improvement.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2014

Euonymus alatus (EAE) and Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus (Franch. & Sav.) Hiyama (EACHE) belong to the Celastraceae family and are one of the medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine as a therapeutic agent for blood circulation diseases. In this study, we prepared leaves methanolic extract of EAE (L-EAE), twigs methanolic extract of EAE (T-EAE), leaves methanolic extract of EACHE (L-EACHE) and twigs methanolic extract of EACHE (T-EACHE), and compared their anti-inflammatory activities. To analyze the anti-inflammatory activities, Raw 264.7 cells were used, since they are immature-macrophages and easily matured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. All extracts showed anti-inflammatory activities in the activated Raw 264.7 cells. That is, we showed that L-EACHE and T-EACHE are potent inhibitors of the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results are expected to serve as a guide for future studies on the ability of Celastraceae family to inhibit acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate alterations of seaweed composition upon Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) fermentation as well as potential anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism (s) of water extracts and fermented water extracts of Laminaria japonica (LJ) and Hizikia fusiforme (HF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Total polyphenol, total sugar, and reducing sugar contents were measured in LJ and HF water extracts before and after fermentation by LGG. Alterations of inflammatory cytokine levels in cell culture media were measured by ELISA, and levels of phosphorylation of c-jun NH2-terminalkinase (JNK) and extra cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) were examined by Western blot analysis. LGG fermentation of LJ and HF altered total polyphenol and sugar contents in water extracts of LJ and HF. LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ was significantly reduced by HF-f compared to control in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels by HF-f, HF-f also significantly reduced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LJ-f and HF also significantly reduced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Overall, our result suggests that HF-f among the four tested seaweed extracts is the most potent anti-inflammatory agent, and its mechanism of action is partially mediated by reduction of JNK and ERK phosphorylation as well as IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2021

Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (SWE)는 지질 다당류 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 NO 및 전 염증성 사이토카인인 TNF-α의 생성을 세포 독성을 유발하지 않고 유의하게 억제하였다. 또한, SWE는 iNOS 및 COX-2의 단백질발현을 농도의존적으로 감소시켰으며, ERK, JNK, p38과 같은 MAPKs 계열의 인산화 발현 수준을 조사한 결과 JNK와 p38의 발현 수준을 감소시켰다. 이는 SWE가 p38 인산화를 억제함으로써 iNOS, COX, 그리고 TNF-α와 같은 전 염증성 사이토카인의 발현을 감소시키며 결론적으로 NO의 생성을 억제시킨다는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 항염증 효능 검증뿐 아니라 염증대사기전의 주요인자를 탐색함으로써 황금의 기능성 소재로써의 가능성을 시사한다.