• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2004

Chunkookjang, Korean traditional fermented soybean food emerges as a functional food to improve intestinal function and blood circulation. During Chungkookjang fermentation, microorganisms, enzymes, and diverse bioactive compounds increase sharply. Chungkookjang contains diverse oligo-peptides. Formation of peptides was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Solube fermented soybean in our sample contained Tyr, Gln-Lys, Trp, Gln, and Lys-Pro as major components. Lys-Pro (0.083 mg/100 g sample) was purified by HPLC analysis. Angiotensin I­converting enzyme (ACE) causes hypertension by converting angiotensin I to angiotension II. ACE inhibitory activity of Lys-Pro was determined to be $IC_{50}=32.1\;{\mu}M.$ Whether or not eating Chungkookjang can lower blood pressure was also determined. Sistolic blood pressure dropped by 15 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure by 8 mmHg 2 hr after a single administration of 20 g of fermented soybean. Chungkookjang might be helpful in improving blood circulation since it has ACE inhibitor and antihypertenisve effect.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 1998

Previously, we made a study report on the genotype distribution and the gene frequency of angiotesin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in Korean population, and on the association between hypertension and genetic variance of ACE. This time, we have investigated a rapid mismatch-PCR/RFLP assays for the variant of the angiotesin II type 1 receptor ($AT_1R$) gene (an $A{\rightarrow}C$ transversion at position 1166 of $AT_1R$ gene), a mutation which may interact with the ACE polymorphism in the determining of risk of myocardial infarction. The genotype distributions of Koreans' angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene were AA (66.3%):AC (28.1%):CC (5.6%), thus the AA genotype was most numerous, and the allele frequency was A:C = 0.803:0.197. Genotype distributions were shown as AA (76.8%):AC (20.9%):CC (2.3%), the allele frequency was A:C = 0.872:0.128 in the male group, and AA (47.4%):AC (41.0%):CC (11.6%), A:C = 0.679:0.321 in the female group. Differences were highly significant between the male and female groups (p<0.0001). Genotype distributions between angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene and angiotensin converting enzyme gene showed that there is no significance between $AT_1R$ genotypes and ACE genotypes in total subjects (p>0.05).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to develop a supplementary therapeutic agent capable of promoting vascular circulation. The effects of Acai berry ethanolic extracts (ABEE) on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme from rabbit lung, production of nitro oxide in both murine macrophage cells and vascular endothelial cells as well as antioxidant effects were investigated in this study. First of all, it was observed the direct effects of ABEE on reducing power and antioxidant effect lipid peroxidation. In addition, ABEE showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation induced by hydroxyl radical. Furthermore, ABEE at 0.01% exerted approximately 50% inhibition on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme. ABEE increased the production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, but decreased the induction of nitric oxide stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in microphage. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and -3 were enhanced by ABEE treatment, however, the expression level of SOD-1 remained constant. Moreover, the expression level of nitric oxide synthases-1 (NOS-1), a constitutive enzyme, was increased by ABEE, but that of NOS-2, a inducible enzyme, was constant. It was also found that the level of Nrf-2, a transcription factor of SOD, was increased by ABEE. Therefore, these results demonstrate that ABEE could promote blood circulation via above actions, suggesting that may be helpful for health of blood vessel.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of water and 80% ethanol extracts from one hundred eight mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) to influence the inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase). The total phenol contents were that water extracts of ten species (Kakjayongsan (Morus alba L.), Daejungsun (Morus alba L.) etc.) and 80% ethanol extracts of twenty three species (Waryoung (Morus alba L.), Hasusang (Morus alba L.) etc.) showed more than 15 mg/g. The inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were that ten species (YamanakkadakKaskke (Morus alba L.), Mijiro (Morus alba L.) etc.) showed 100% inhibition rate both of water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts. The rest, water extracts of thirty four species (Cheongilppong (Morus alba L.) etc.) and 80% ethanol extracts of thirty four species (Wonjukojo (Morus alba L.) etc.) showed inhibitory activity (above 90%) on ACE. Also, to search of xanthine oxidase (XOase) inhibition were that water extracts of five species (Cheongsipjosaeng (Morus alba L.), Suwon 3 (Morus alba L.) etc.) and 80% ethanol extracts of Jeokmok (Morus alba L.) showed inhibitory activity (above 50%) on XOase. This result revealed, strong biological activity in spite of has a little total phenol contents. These water and 80% ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) are expected good candidate for development into anti-hypertentive and anti-gout sources.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the relation between the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene polymorphism and Facial nerve palsy in the Korean population. Methods : This sudy was carried out on 117 Facial nerve palsy patients who were treated in the department of acupuncture & moxibustion, Hospital of Oriental medical college, Kyung-Hee University and 135 healthy control subjects. Blood samples from all subjects were obtaind for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR products were visualized by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results : The sub-genotypes of ACE gene were II homozygotes, ID heterozygotes, DD homozygotes. While the distribution of ACE polymorphism in control subjects was 33%, 43%, 24%, the distribution of it in Facial nerve palsy patients was 32%, 50%, 18%(II, ID, DD). Thus, there was no significant different between the control and Facial nerve palsy groups. Conclusions : we conclude that there is no significant association between ACE gene polymorphism and Facial nerve palsy in Korean population. However, the findings of this study need to be confirmed in more patients and further studies. Additional epidemiologically based studies of the effects and relationship between ACE or other genes and lifestyles with regard to Facial nerve palsy is required.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2005

In the courses of in vitro screening for the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the various extracts from medicinal plants, n-BuOH soluble extract of the seeds of Xanthium strumarium was found to exhibit distinctive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the n-BuOH soluble extract of the seeds of Xanthium strumarium afforded a new $xanthiazone-11-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$. The ACE activity was significantly inhibited by the addition of a new $xanthiazone-11-{\beta}-glucopyranosidein$ a dose-dependent manner of which $IC_{50}$ value was $21.8\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1993

The effect of captopril on the lung angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated after 3 weeks oral administration (120~160 mg/kg/day) through drinking water in SpragueDawley rats. On the $^{125}$I-351A, an ACE inhibitor, binding assay in the isolated perpused lungs, the number of ACE molecules at the intrapulmonary endothelial cell surface was significantly decreased (p<0.001), and recovered to the normal level 7 days after discontinuation of captopril treatment. Intrapulmonary conversion ratio of Al to All was also significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the isolated perpused lungs. Bolus intravenous injection of angiotensin I did not showed pressor response in the both of systemic and pulmonary blood pressure of the anesthetized rats. ACE activity of the lung homogenates was also significantly reduced. These data consistently indicate the decrease of functionally active ACE molecule at the pulmonary artery after chronic captopril treatment. However, serum ACE activity was increased three fold in captopril treated rats compared to the normal rats. So, these results suggest that the functionally active ACE molecule at the pulmonary artery was still inhibited, which is directly associated with the antihypertensive effects, even if the total angiotensn converting enzyme induction was resulted after chronic captopril treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2018

Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF{\alpha}$) and the angiotensin system are involved in inflammatory diseases and may contribute to acute kidney injury. We investigated the mechanisms by which $TNF{\alpha}$-converting enzyme (TACE) contributes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal inflammation and the effect of TACE inhibitor treatment on LPS-induced cellular injury in human renal proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells. Mice were treated with LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and HK-2 cells were cultured with or without LPS ($10{\mu}g/ml$) in the presence or absence of a type 1 TACE inhibitor ($1{\mu}M$) or type 2 TACE inhibitor ($10{\mu}M$). LPS treatment induced increased serum creatinine, $TNF{\alpha}$, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and TACE increased, while angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression decreased in LPS-induced acute kidney injury and LPS-treated HK-2 cells. LPS induced reactive oxygen species and the down-regulation of ACE2, and these responses were prevented by TACE inhibitors in HK-2 cells. TACE inhibitors increased cell viability in LPS-treated HK-2 cells and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate that LPS activates renin angiotensin system components via the activation of TACE. Furthermore, inhibitors of TACE are potential therapeutic agents for kidney injury.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1269-1274
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• 1997

This study was researched to purify and characterize variety bioactive material acethylmannan from Aloe vera. Purified acethylmannan was mannose (67%), acetyl group (23%) and the rest glucose, galactose that consisting of long chain polydispered ${\beta}-1,4$ linked mannan polymers. The sugar and acetyl group in molecular were linked molar ration one third. $IC_{50}$ value (i.e that concentration which exhibits 50% more enzyme inhibition than control) on angiotensin converting enzyme were 0.58 mM. This compound were found to be a competitive inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme with apparent Ki values of 0.068 mM.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.926-932
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• 2018

This research was conducted to investigate the changes in quality characteristics of cheonggukjang fermented with the addition of hazelnut (10, 20, 30 and 40%) including; water content, pH, hydrophilic and lipophilic substances, color, viscosity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity. There was no significant change in pH with the addition of hazelnut. The water content significantly decreased with the addition of hazelnut. Hazelnut was also found to brighten the color of cheonggukjang. L-value and b-value increased with the addition of cheonggjuang. There was an insignificant change in the a-value. There was a slight decrease in the content of hydrophilic with addition of hazelnuts. Where there was more than 20% addition of hazelnut to soybean, the viscous substance content in cheonggukjang decreased significantly. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity increased proportionally to the amount of hazelnut added. It was identified that the addition of 40% of hazelnut made its angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity 10% point higher than that of control. These results suggests that the addition of hazelnut makes it possible to produce cheongkukjang of excellent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity.