• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2004

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of KongJin-dan(KJD) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of KJD on $LI-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 and THP-1 cell treated by CT105 and AChE activity, APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated by CT105 were investigated, respectively. Results : 1. KJD suppressed $LI-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in THP-1 and PC-12 cell treated by CT105. 2. KJD suppressed AChE activity and production of APP significantly in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by CT105. Conclusions : This study shows that KJD might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.394-403
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and MCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and MCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and MCMT extract suppressed overexpression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the THP-1 cell treated by LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and MCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제12궈1호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2001

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is pathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles associated with the acetylchohnesterase, apolipoprotein E and butylcholinesterase, and by mutations in the presenilin genes PS1 and PS2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APPs)'s overexpression. The present research is to examine the inhibition effect of BYCNT on PS-1, PS-2 and APPs's overexpression by detected to Western blotting. To verify the effects of BYCNT on cognitive deficits further, we tested it on the scopolamine(1mg/kg)-induced amnesia model of the mice using the Morris water maze tests, and there was ameliorative effects of memory impairment as a protection from scopolamine. BYCNT only partially blocked the increase in blood serum level of acetylcholinesterase and Uric acid induced by scopolamine, whereas blood glucose level was shown to attenuate the amnesia induced by scopolamine and inreased extracellular serum level compared with only scopolamine injection. In conclusion, studies of BYCNT that has been known as anti-choline and inhibition ablilities of APPs overexpression, this could also be used further as a important research data for a preventive and promising symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and SCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and SCMT extract suppressed overexpression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in the THP-1 cell treated dy LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell Iysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1275-1281
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• 2005

The $G_{q/11}$ protein-coupled receptors, such as muscarinic (M1 & M3) receptors, have been shown to regulate the release of a soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP$\alpha$) produced from $\alpha$-secretase processing. However, there is no direct evidence for the precise characteristics of G proteins, and the signaling mechanism for the regulation of $G_{q/11}$ protein-coupled receptor mediated sAPP$\alpha$ release is not clearly understood. This study examined whether the muscarinic receptor-mediated release of sAPP$\alpha$ is directly regulated by $G\alpha_{q/11}$ proteins. The HEK293 cells were transiently cotransfected with muscarinic M3 receptors and a dominant-negative minigene construct of the G protein $\alpha$ subunit. The sAPP$\alpha$ release in the media was measured using an antibody specific for sAPP. The sAPP$\alpha$ release enhancement induced by muscarinic receptor stimulation was decreased by a $G_{q/11}$ minigene construct, whereas it was not blocked by a control minigene construct (the G$\alpha$ carboxy peptide in random order, G$\alpha_{q}$R) or $G\alpha_{j}$ constructs. This indicated a direct role of the $G\alpha_{q/11}$ protein in the regulation of muscarinic M3 receptor-mediated sAPP$\alpha$ release. We also investigated whether the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a muscarinic agonist could regulate the sAPP$\alpha$ release in SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of a specific EGFR kinase inhibitor, tyrophostin AG1478 (250 nM), blocked the EGF-stimulated sAPP$\alpha$ release, but did not block the oxoM­stimulated sAPP$\alpha$ release. This demonstrated that the transactivation of the EGFR by muscarinic receptor activation was not involved in the muscarinic receptor-mediated sAPP$\alpha$ release.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2016

In this study, the radical scavenging activity and protective effect of ethanol extract from leaf of Engelhardtia chrysolepis HANCE (ECE) against oxidative stress were investigated under in vitro and cellular system. ECE showed strong radical scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl(${\cdot}OH$) and nitric oxide(NO) radical as a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, strong scavenging activity against the ${\cdot}OH$ and NO radical were observed with the $IC_{50}$ value of $1.30{\mu}g/ml$ and $12.61{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Furthermore, the cellular oxidative stress was induced by amyloid beta($A{\beta}_{25-35}$) in C6 glial cells. The treatment of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ to C6 glial cells generated high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and declined cell viability. However, production of ROS was decreased by the treatment of ECE. In addition, the cell viability was significantly increased at each concentration(10, 25, $50{\mu}g/ml$) as dose-dependent manner. The Alzheimer's disease-related protein expressions in $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-treated C6 glial cells were analyzed. The ECE treatment inhibited expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP), C-terminal fragment-${\beta}(CTF-{\beta})$, ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme(BACE), phosphorylated tau(p-tau) proteins in C6 glial cells induced by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The present study indicated that ECE has strong radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effect through attenuating oxidative stress.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Phellodendron amurense(PLDA) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of PLDA extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and behavior of memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. PLDA extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ ; AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$. PLDA extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. PLDA extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that PLDA extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

Objective : This research investigates the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. Methods : The effects of the CMT and SCMT on (1) amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT-105; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT-105; (3) the behavior; (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA; (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease mice induced with CT105 & ${\beta}A$ were investigated Rresults : 1. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105 2. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the AChE activity, and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105. 3. For the CMT and SCMT group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency 4. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. 5. The CMT and SCMT reduced the infarction area of hippocampus with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the CMT and SCMT for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2004

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Coptis japonica Makino(CJM) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of CJM extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins (APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and behavior of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. CJM extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ 2. CJM extract suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ 3. CJM extract suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ 4. CJM extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. 5. CJM extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. According to the above results, it is suggested that CJM extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and memory deficit symptom.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Dichroa febrifuga(DIF) on the Alzheimer’s disease. The effects of DIF extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-1 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus LPS and amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and behavior of memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. DIF extract suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 2. DIF extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-1 cell treated by LPS. 3. DIF extract suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. DIF extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. 5. DIF extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that DIF extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and memory deficit.