• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1975

The activity of $\delta$-aminolevlinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in red cell of rabbit inhibited by addition of $Pb(Ac)_{2}$(50mg/kg) to rabbit caused to diminish completely the ALAD activity in blood within shr. Pretreatment of ascorbic acid and methionine decreased the increment of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid output in urine by lead poisoning.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1310-1317
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• 2004

The extracellular production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) by recombinant E. coli BL21 harboring a fusion gene hemA was investigated in a fermenter. For this purpose, the effects of various physiological factors, such as isopropylthio­$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) concentrations and the time of induction, on enzyme activity were studied. Optimum concentrations of glycine and succinic acid were found to be 30 mM and 90 mM, respectively. When the cells were permitted to grow for 2 h prior to the addition of 0.1 mM IPTG, the activity of ALA synthase was higher than when IPTG was initially added. A 36-fold increase in the activity was observed with only 0.1 mM IPTG added. The pH of the medium also influenced the ALA synthase activity with the maximal activity occurring at pH 6.5. In recombinant E. coli extracts, the repeated addition of glycine and D-glucose increased the production of ALA and the inhibited intracellular ALA dehydratase activity, with up to 32 mM ALA being produced in the cultivation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1111-1113
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• 2005

5-Aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, which are known to affect the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, have been synthesized. Simple methods for the synthesis of 5-aminole-vulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of porphyrins, have been developed in our laboratory for use in studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrins.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Bacillus cereus 1-1 strain produced 2 mM of ALA in the aerobic dark condition without any inhibitor like levulinic acid. The optimum culture conditions for the ALA production were that preculture and main culture were continued for 18 hr in TCY medium, and 16 mM of organic acids like acetic acid were added at the late log phase when the pH was 6.8. And the addition of 0.3% glucose was effective at the beginning of the main culture. ALA production was continued for more than 8 hr by the addition of glutamic acid instead of acetic acid, and was inhibited by addition of $40\;{\mu}M$ gabaculine seriously. These results confirmed that B. cereus 1-1 strain produced ALA through C-5 pathway.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2015

Indocyanine green(ICG) and 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA) have been widely used to mark blood vessels or tumors. However, fluorescent dye detection systems were designed to use one type of dyes only. In this study, we proposed a detection system capable of detecting Indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Multiple filters and light sources are integrated into a single system. In this study, we performed analysis of fluorescent dyes and configured a detection system. During the analysis, it was found that Indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid have the maximum intensity at $40{\mu}M$. We designed light source for fluorescent dyes and conducted compatibility test using a commercial surgical microscope. The fluorescent dye detection system was configured based on the experimental results. The developed system successfully detects Indocyanine green and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Therefore, more efficient surgical operations can be achieved using both fluorescent dyes at the same time. We expect that the developed system can increase the survival rate of patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1978

In order to study the change of laboratory parameters of lead poisoning, 8 persona who had not been treated previously for lead poisoning (Group 1 and 6 persons who had been inadequately treated for few months for chronic lead poisoning at local clinic (Group 2) were examined. They had occupational exposure to lead for 3 to 18 years (mean, 7.6). In group 1 blood lead, urine lead, urine coproporphyrin and ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid levels before our treatment exceeded the critical levels of lead poisoning. In group 2 urine lead level exceeded but blood lead, urine coproporphyrin and ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid levels were within normal limits. All of them were treated with D-penicillamine for 4 months as inpatients at Industrial Accident Hospital. The dose of D-penicillamine was the same in all patients; 600 mg per day p.o. and the chelating agent was administer every other week. For laboratory analysis, 24 hour urine and 10 gm of whole blood were collected every 1 month on last day of non-administration period. The results were as follows: 1. It was found that urine lead level was decreased below the cirtical level of lead poisoning after 4 month's treatment with D-penicillamine and blood lead level was decreased more progressively below the critical level after 1 month treatment. 2. Urine coproporphyrin and ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid levels were decreased progressively to normal range after 1 month treatment. 3. Two months after treatment, blood lead, urine lead, urine coproporphyrin and ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid levels showed some increasing trends. 4. Urine lead level should be checked in a person who had been inadequately treated with chelating agents because blood lead, coproporphyrin and ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid might be in normal range.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

When cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledon discs were floated on $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid, oxyfluorfen, or rose bengal solution under light condition following 20 h dark incubation, rapid electrolyte leakage from the tissues occurred. The electrolyte leakage from the tissues was dependent on the compounds treated, their concentrations, and the duration of light exposure to the tissues. Dark incubation before exposure to continuous white light enhanced electrolyte leakage from the tissues treated with the compounds and reduced lag period for the activity of the compounds. Electrolyte leakage from the treated tissues was greatly influenced by the light intensity to which they were exposed. Higher light intensities stimulated electrolyte leakage and reduced lag period. Porphyrin biosynthesis inhibitors, gabaculine and 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, completely inhibited electrolyte leakage from the oxyfluorfen-treated tissues. Protection against the activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid from electrolyte leakage was complete with 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid, but not with gabaculine. However, gabaculine and 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid gave no such protection against rose bengal activity. In summary, our results indicate that $\delta$--aminolevulinic acid, oxyfluorfen, and rose bengal exert their effects by causing electrolyte leakage from the treated tissues in a similar manner, except that oxyfluorfen has an apparent lag period for its action on electrolyte leakage increase. All above compounds require preincubation of treated tissues in darkness and subsequent light exposure with a high intensity for their maximal activities. Our results also support that in the presence of light, $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid and oxyfluorfen cause cellular damage through the indirect generation of singlet oxygen from accumulated tetrapyrroles of porphyrin pathway, whereas rose bengal causes cellular damage through the direct generation of singlet oxygen.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.561-566
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• 1997

Screening, Identification and some cultural characteristics of ALA$({\delta}-aminolevulinic\;acid)$-producing photosynthetic bacteria were carried out for the optimal production of ALA, one of the bioherbicides. Among photosynthetic bacteria isolated from soil, marsh, pond, etc., KK-10 was the best producer of ALA and identified to be Rhodobacter capsulatus belonging to a typical group of nonsulfur purple bacteria. By addition of 15 mM LA (levulinic acid), an inhibitor of ALA dehydrase in cyclic tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, into culture broth at middle log phase of cell growths, ALA production was considerably increased to about 20-fold (28 mg/l). The combined supplementation of glycine and succinate, each with a concentration of 30 mM also enhanced production of ALA and activity of ALA synthase to about 50-fold (73 mg/l) and 2-fold, respectively. The isolated strain was able to produce upto 80 mg/l under the cultural condition optimized by addition 15 mM LA into the synthetic medium at four different points starting middle log phase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1327-1332
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• 2004

The hemA gene encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) was cloned from Rhodobacter capsulatus, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. DNA sequencing data revealed one open reading frame coding for a protein with 401 amino acids that displayed high similarity to the amino acid sequences of other known ALASs. The hemA gene was then cloned and expressed under the control of constitutive promotor in E. coli. The recombinant E. coli strain was able to accumulate 5-aminolevulinic acid to 21 mM in the liquid medium supplemented with 45 mM glycine and 120 mM succinate. In addition, a marked effect of the pH of the culture medium on ALA production was observed, and the optimum pH for culture medium was determined to be 5.8-6.3.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.527-533
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• 1993

Aminolevulinic acid(ALA) was shown to be synthesized via active pathways of either C4 or C5 ALA biosynthesis in cells of a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodocyclus gelatinosus KUP-74, where the C5 pathway was appeared to be preferntially expressed in the cells. It was strongly suggested that L-glutamine might be utilized more effectively than L-glutamate to synthesize ALA via C5 pathway in this bacterium from the fact of relationship between the cellular uptake rates of glutamate and its Gamma-derivaties and corresponded ALA productivities in vitro and in vivo.