• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.12 s.148
• /
• pp.1608-1618
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the degradation products of the dye component extracted from madder dyed fabrics using the GC-MS analysis and to evaluate the change of color due to degradation treatment. Four different degradation protocols were used in this study,; refrigeration at $7^{\circ}C$ (LT), room temperature (RT), oven treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ (OV), and $H_2O_2/UV(PER)$ method. Degradation times for each thermal system were 6 hour, 24 hour, 48 hour, 1 week, 2 week, 4 week. Alizarin was detected from the control and degraded samples of both alizarin dyed and madder dyed fabrics. Benzoic acid, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, phthalic anhydride were detected as the degradation products for both alizarin dyed and madder dyed fabrics. The result suggest that these products can be used as the fingerprints of GC-MS analysis for the identification of madder dye in archaeological textiles. Both alizarin dyed and madder dyed samples became less red and less yellow after degradation. In the PER degradation system madder dyed sample showed the greatest color difference even after 1 week of degradation treatment. Further research is necessary for investigating the color change in the exhumed textiles, which is caused by the dual action of dye fading and the staining of organic matters in the soil.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.214-224
• /
• 2011

Objective: This study examined the potential of the in vitro osteogenesis of microtopographically modified surfaces, RBM (resorbable blasting media) surfaces, which generate hydroxyapatite grit-blasting. Methods: RBM surfaces were modified hydroxyapatite grit-blasting to produce microtopographically modified surfaces and the surface morphology, roughness or elements were examined. To investigate the potential of the in vitro osteogenesis, the osteoblastic cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were examined using the human osteoblast-like cell line, MG-63 cells. Osteoblastic cell proliferation was examined as a function of time. In addition, osteoblastic cell differentiation was verified using four different methods of an ALP activity assay, a mineralization assay using alizarin red-s staining, and gene expression of osteoblastic differentiation marker using RT-PCR or ELISA. Results: Osteoblastic cell adhesion, proliferation and ALP activity was elevated on the RBM surfaces compared to the machined group. The cells exhibited a high level of gene expression of the osteoblastic differentiation makers (osteonectin, type I collagen, Runx-2, osterix). imilar data was represented in the ELISA produced similar results in that the RBM surface increased the level of osteocalcin, osteopontin, TGF-beta1 and PGE2 secretion, which was known to stimulate the osteogenesis. Moreover, alizarin red-s staining revealed significantly more mineralized nodules on the RBM surfaces than the machined discs. Conclusion: RBM surfaces modified with hydroxyapatite grit-blasting stimulate the in vitro osteogenesis of MG-63 cells and may accelerate bone formation and increase bone-implant contact.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS. MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION. Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2013

Objective. To investigate the effects of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation-mimicking agent cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Study design. The dose and exposure periods for $CoCl_2$ in hMSCs were optimized by cell viability assays. After confirmation of $CoCl_2$-induced HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in these cells by RT-PCR, the effects of temporary preconditioning with $CoCl_2$ on hMSC osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis of osteogenic gene expression, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and by alizarin red S staining. Results. Variable $CoCl_2$ dosages (up to $500{\mu}M$) and exposure times (up to 7 days) on hMSC had little effect on hMSC survival. After $CoCl_2$ treatment of hMSCs at $100{\mu}M$ for 24 or 48 hours, followed by culture in osteogenic differentiating media, several osteogenic markers such as Runx-2, osteocalcin and osteopontin, bone sialoprotein mRNA expression level were found to be up-regulated. Moreover, ALP activity was increased in these treated cells in which an accelerated osteogenic capacity was also verified by alizarin red S staining. Conclusions. The osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs could be preserved and even enhanced by $CoCl_2$ treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.36 no.2 s.115
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2006

Most elderly women experience a decrease in their bone density due to a deficiency of calcium intake, ovariectomy, or menopause. This study evaluated the usability of the microscrew as a skeletal anchorage system in these orthodontic treatment cases, using rats as a research group. The 4 month old sprague-dawley species rats were divided into two groups, the OS (Ovariectomy Screw), and the SS (Sham operation Screw) group. In both the OS and SS groups, microscrews were implanted into the palatal bone between the upper molar teeth and two upper incisors were retracted using NETE coil spring with 75 g of force. After 3days, the again after 7 days, 7 rats in each group were sacrificed. Three days before they were sacrificed, Alizarin red S was intraperitoneally injected, and their maxillary bone, tibia and blood from their hearts were taken. The components of the extracted blood were biochemically analyzed and non-decalcified grinding resin sections for maxillary bone and tibia were made. The sections were examined with a polarization microscope, and fluorescent microscope. Smaller concentrations of Ca and P, the inorganic substances closely related to bone density, were found in the extracted blood of the OS group. Both OS and SS groups showed a possibility of bone remodeling with a high concentration of ALP after 7 days. An increase in bone density on the tension and compression sides of the microscrew and the tension side of the tooth for both OS and SS groups was confirmed with a polarization microscope. However, the bone density of the pressure side of the tooth and apical side was decreased. More deposits of Alizarin red S in the bone after 7 days rather than 3 days seen with a fluorescent microscope suggested the existence of new bone formation.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.527-536
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The present study, to confirm the osteoblast differentiation effects of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. (AT) extract. Methods : In this experiment, cell viability, Alizarin red S assay, and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with AT extract (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Also, we studied the expression of differentiation regulator with AT extract in primary calvarial osteoblasts cells (pOB). Results : As a result of AT treatment, we determined that AT extract stimulates ALP activity and alizarin red activities in the pOB cells for mineralization for 18 days. Moreover, these factors increasing osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor2 ($Run{\times}2$), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin, osterix, smad1, smad5, activating transcription factor4 (ATF4) and collagen type I alpha 1. Conclusions : These results indicate that AT extract have effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of bone diseases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.385-396
• /
• 2006

For the regeneration of periodontal tissues, the microenvironment for new attachment of connective tissue fibers should be provided, At this point of view, cementum formation in root surface plays a key role for this new attachment. This study was performed to figure out which factor promotes differentiation of cementoblast Considering anatomical structure of tooth, we selected the cells which may affect the differentiation of cementoblast - Ameloblast, OD11&MDPC23 for odontoblasts, NIH3T3 for fibroblsts and MG63 for osteoblasts. And OCCM30 was selected for cementoblast cell line. Then, the cell lines were cultured respectively and transferred the conditioned media to OCCM30. To evaluate the result, Alizarin red S stain was proceeded for evaluation of mineralization. The subjected mRNA genes are bone sialoprotein(BSP), alkaline phosphate(ALP) , osteocalcin(OC), type I collagen(Col I), osteonectin(SPARC ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). Expression of the gene were analysed by RT-PCR, The results were as follows: 1. For alizarin red S staining, control OCCM30 didn't show any mineralized red nodules until 14 days. But red nodules started to appear from about 4 days in MDPC-OCCM30 & OD11-OCCM30. 2. For results of RT-PCR, ESP mRNAs of control-OCCM30 and others were expressed from 14 days, but in MDPC23-OCCM30 & OD11-OCCM30 from 4 days. Like this, the gene expression of MDPC23-OCCM30 & OD11-OCCM30 were detected much earlier than others. 3. For confirmation of odontoblast effect on cementoblast, conditioned media of osteoblasts(MG63) which is mineralized by producing matrix vesicles didn't affect on the mineralized nodule formation of cementoblasts(OCCM30). This suggest the possibility that cementoblast mineralization is regulated by specific factor in dentin matrix protein rather than matrix vesicles. Therefore, we proved that the dentin/odontoblast promotes differentiation/mineralization of cementoblasts. This new approach might hole promise as diverse possibilities for the regeneration of tissues after periodontal disease.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.350-357
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of differentiation potential in each passage of dental pulp stem cells from supernumerary tooth (sDPSCs). The sDPSCs were obtained from a healthy 6-year-old male patient under the guidelines and got the informed consent. Cells were cultured until passage number 16 and divided into two groups; 1 - 8 passages as a young group and 9 - 16 passages as an old group. It was taken $2.25{\pm}0.46days$ in a young group and $3.25{\pm}0.46days$ in an old group to propagate cells of each passage until confluence and there were statistically significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). In every passage, cell morphology was observed with microscope and evaluated the capacity to form high levels of minerals by alizarin red solution staining after treating differentiation medium. Fibroblast-like, spindle shaped, elongated cells and a few nodules were found in uninduced cultures of passage number 1, 8 and 9. But at 16 passage culture, cell size became larger and broader and observed with more nodules. After inducing differentiation, mineralized nodules were detected at the first passage of 7th day culture whereas at the 8 passage culture, nodules were seen clearly at 14th day culture. In addition, the amount of mineralized nodules were remarkably decreased after passage 9. From the data presented in this study, it is recommended to use sDPSCs of passage number within 8 for utilizing as stem cells.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2012

Excavated textiles provide very important research data on the costume culture of the Joseon dynasty. In particular, dyed textiles are indispensable for textile conservation research and for restoration of remains as well as for general costume culture research. Unfortunately, a prolonged burial environment causes the colors to change and gradually fade after excavation. Therefore, it is very difficult to identify the original color. In this study, natural dyed samples of red, yellow, purple and blue were prepared and analyzed using HPLC-PDA. Dyes of colorants extracted from excavated textile remains were analyzed by HPLC. In addition, mordants were analyzed using (SEM-EDX) in order to estimate the original color. The 16~17th Century's three samples were analyzed, sample 1, and 2 from Eunjin Song's Song Mun-Chang excavated at the Songchon-dong in Daejeon, and sample 3 from Yeosan Song's Song, Hee-Jong excavated at the Mokdal-dong in Daejeon. From the HPLC results, alizarin, purpurin, and indigo were detected on sample 1, alizarin and purpurin on sample 2, ellagic acid and indigo on sample 3. Therefore they were dyed with madder and indigo (sample 1), madder (sample2), pomagranted and indigo (sample 3). Al mordant was identified on three samples.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.4 no.1_2
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1974

S-Benzylthiuronium chloride reacts with ethylene glycol, derived from hydrolysis of the fluorides, to produce a crystalline substances. Using this, the fluorides can be indentified by measuring melting point. And when the zirconium-alizarin solution reacts with ethylenefluoro hydrin or ${\beta}-fluoroethyl$ acetate, the red-violet color disappears to produce a yellow dye, which exhibits absorption maximum at about $530\;m{\mu}$ using the 250-microgram standard. Using these properties, the fluorine compounds can be determined conveniently by this method.