• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

Endocrine disruptors have been concerned in toxicology but now challenged as physiological point especially concerned with exposing dose and period. In this study the low-dose chronic administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthaltae (DEHP) during reproductive period was examined to evaluate the possible roles. Adult male and female CD-1 mice were exposed to DEHP with drinking water containing $133{\mu}g/L$ and $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP in water according to OECD 433 guide line and sacrificed just after weaning. The weights of uterus and ovary were decreased by drinking of $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. There was not adverse effects on either accumulated mating rate and mating rate depend on estrus stage, pregnancy duration, and sex ration at birth. However, the accumulated rate of successful delivery and litter size were significantly high at $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. The number of epididymal sperm was significantly increased by drinking of $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. In addition, the number of follicles (primary, secondary, tertiary) were more many than control at $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water drunk mother. Though further studies are needed to identify what are the mechanism of DEHP in folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. From this study we firstly report the effect of low-dose chronic administration of DEHP with drinking could change the ovarian follicle population size and spermatogenesis rate. Put together, those finding is different from previous high-dose effects and suggest the physiological role of DEHP in gonads and uterus.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.188-197
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• 2003

내분비교란물질은 동물에서 생식기계통을 통제하는 호르몬 조절에 영향을 준다. 상기 선정된 농약을 투여함에 있어서 실험동물로 Xiphophorus helleri로 선정하였는데 이는 암수의 구별이 육안적으로 명확히 관찰되며 또한 난태생으로 사육이 용이한 점이 있다. Xiphophorus helleri에 있어서 내분비교란물질로 의심되는 endosulfan과 molinate의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 vitellogenin과 aromatase 를 진단 biomarker로써 사용하였다. RT-PCR 결과 endosulfan과 molinate의 혼합처치군 및 alachlor 단독군 수컷에서 vitellogenin과 aromatase의 induction 이 동시에 관찰되었고, endosulfan 단독군에서는 aromatase의 induction이 관찰되었다. 본 실험에서는 endosulfan이나 molinate 단독 처치군에서의 성호르몬과 세포에 대한 유해 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, endosulfan과 molinate 의 혼합처치군에서는 vitellogenin과 aromatase의 발현 및 apoptosis가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 swordtail fish에 영향을 미치지 않는 낮은 농도의 molinate와 endosulfan이라도 병용되는 경우에 생식기계의 호르몬 변화와 apoptosis를 야기시킨다는 사실을 제시한다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.6-17
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• 2017

본 연구는 3-methylpentane에 대한 흡입유해성을 평가하여 국제연합에서 정하는 화학물질의 분류 및 표지에 관한 세계조화시스템(Globally harmonized system, GHS)지침 및 고용노동부고시 제2013-37호에 따른 3-methylpentane의 화학물질 분류 표시 자료를 생산하기 위하여 OECD 화학물질 시험가이드라인 아급성흡입독성시험 TG 412(Subacute inhalation toxicity) 시험법에 따라 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 6주령의 랫드(Rat)를 도입하여 1주간 순화시킨 후 암수 각각 대조군 5마리, 저농도군(284 ppm) 5마리, 중농도군(1,135 ppm) 5마리, 고농도군(4,540 ppm) 5마리 등으로 군을 구성하여 일일 6시간, 주 5일, 4주 동안 시험물질을 랫드에 전신으로 노출시켰다. 시험물질 노출을 종료하고 2주 후 시험동물을 희생하여 시험물질에 의한 시험동물의 영향을 평가하였다. 사료섭취량 변화, 체중 변화, 임상관찰, 혈액검사, 부검 소견, 장기무게 측정, 조직병리검사 등 모든 시험결과에서 시험물질에 의한 영향은 나타나지 않아 3-methylpentane의 무유해영향농도는 암수 모두 4,540 ppm이상으로 판단되어 세계조화시스템(GHS) 지침 및 고용노동부고시 제2013-37호(화학물질의 분류 표시 및 물질안전보건에 관한 기준)의 특정표적장기독성(반복노출) 구분 표시 물질에 해당하지 않은 물질로 판단되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

본 연구는 Spent Bleaching Clay(SBC)를 육계사료의 에너지 공급원으로 활용 가능성을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 부화 직후의 120수의 병아리(한협 3호)를4처리 3반복, 반복당 10수(암수 각각 5수씩)를 Control(T1) 사료에 SBC를 $2.0\%(T2),\;4.0\%(T3)$ 및 $6.0\%(T4)$ 첨가한 4처리로 배치하였다. 시험사료 급여전 1주일은 시판사료를 급여하였다. 4주간의 시험 기간동안 증체중 및 사료 섭취량은 T3 및 T4 처리구에서 증가하는 경향이 인정되었다. 사료효율은 T3구에서 개선되는 경향이 인정되었다. 가슴살 및 다리살에서 치방산 조성을 사료의 처리에 따른 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 육계 초기 및 후기 사료 급여시 모두, 사료중의 건물, 조단백질 및 조지방 이용율은 T4 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 대사에너지가도 T4 처리구가 다른 3구에 비해서 유의하게 저하하였다(p<0.05). 사료중의 조회분의 이용율은 사료의 처리에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 시험의 결과 육계사료에 $2\~4\%$의 SBC첨가는 육계의 성장 및 사료효율 개선의 가능성이 있음이 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary attitude and health on the stress status of office - workers in Seoul. This research was conducted on 389 office workers (224 males and 165 female). In relation to stress, it was found that the degree of stress as an office workers was ′slight′ and much for 45.2% and 40.6%, respectively, of the study population. Consequently, most office workers were found to be under stress. The amount of food intake under stress was found to be ′reduced′, unchanged and increased in 38.3, 37.0 and 24.7%, respectively, of those surveyed. The preferred foods when under stress were found to be alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, in 57.6% of cases, which was the highest proportion regardless of age, sex, marital status, occupation and educational level. The desired taste when under stress was found to be ′hot′ and sweet in 34.7 and 26.0%, respectively. As to the feeling after food intake, 51.7% responded that food intake was not useful for the relief of stress, which was the highest proportion and many salaried females worried about weight gain. With regard to the relationship between stress, health and nutrition, 69.9% of office workers responded that they thought the relationship of these factors was very high. As for the greatest cause triggering stress, 50.3% responded "due to workplace and job". The best method for relieving stress was to do exercise, with a 30.1 % response, The average score for the degree of stress and tension was 7.2, with 64.0% of office workers having an average level between 6- and 9. The degree of stress was higher for females than males, for unmarried salaried and hot-tempered persons. Those not doing exercise were subject to the highest levels of stress, and those a having sufficient sleep were found to be subject to less stress. Those interested in their health were found to have a good condition and lower levels of stress. In correlation with eating habits, stress, the degree of tension and personality, the F-value was found to be 43.505 (p<0.01), with an explanatory power of 0.294 (29.4%), indicating significant differences. This means that office workers with higher degrees of stress and tension tended to have poorer eating habits. Since bad eating habits have an adverse effect on both the state of physical health and individuals emotional development, for the purpose of correctly managing stress, office workers should make efforts to practice good eating habits.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2015

청국장에서 분리한 항균활성이 우수한 Bacillus subtilis JNS의 probiotics로서의 활용성을 검증하기 위해 단기투여에 의한 안전성을 확인하고자 실험을 실시하였다. 경구투여용 존데를 이용하여 임상적용 경로인 경구로 투여하였으며, 최고투여용량은 2,000 mg/kg으로 설정하였다. ICR계 암수 마우스에서 14일간 관찰한 결과 일반증상, 사망률, 체중, 임상증상 및 육안적 소견 등에서 무처리 대조군과 비교해서 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 부검 후의 주요 장기에 대한 육안적 검사에서 또한 대조군과 비교하여 이상소견이나 병변이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험물질인 B. subtilis JNS는 경구투여 시 ICR계 암수 마우스에서 독성학적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며, 경구투여가 2,000 mg/kg 이상인 저독성의 안전한 물질로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.62-89
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical nasal application of Herbal medicine compared with Western medicine in the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis(AR). Methods : Electronic databases including Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, KMBASE, KISS, NDSL, OASIS, KISS and KJTK(Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal) were searched by the keywords such as 'allergic rhinitis', 'nasal sprays', 'herbal medicine', 'plant extracts', and 'external application'. The quality of each RCTs was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration of 'Risk of bias(RoB) Tool'. Results : 19 RCTs were finally selected from 1419 references screened. 19 RCTs were compared with the effects of topical nasal application of Herbal medicine and Western medicine. Based on the symptom scores from 13 RCTs, topical nasal application of herbal medicine generally has a better effect on relief of AR. The two treatments have similar effects on improving the level of specific factors like IgE, IgG, IL-13, $uLTD_4$ in blood and urine. 8 RCTs showed adverse effects(AEs) in both groups and severe AEs were not reported. Conclusions : This study shows that topical nasal application of herbal medicine can improve symptoms and related factors of allergic rhinitis. Well-designed RCT studies with low risk of bias should be conducted to confirm these findings.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower extremity patterns combined with elastic bands applied to stroke patients diagnosed with hemiplegia through self-training using the non-paralyzed side approach and the paralyzed side approach, and to investigate the differences in the effects. Methods: Nine chronic stroke patients who were being treated not more than twice a week at H, K, R, and C hospitals located in Gangwon-do, performed self-training for 16 minutes, two times per day for four weeks between August and October 2015. The subjects' balance ability was measured using the Tetrax stability index, the weight distribution index, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test before the experiment and four weeks later. Among the statistical methods, paired t-tests were conducted for intra-group comparison of the measurements taken before and after the experiment, and independent t-tests were conducted for inter-group comparison of the ex post facto values. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: When the lower extremity patterns were applied to the non-paralyzed side group and the paralyzed side group, significant intra-group differences were observed for the Tetrax stability index, the weight distribution index, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests (p<0.05); however, the inter-group comparisons showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The non-paralyzed side approach was found to be easy for patients to participate in and it also affected the patients' paralyzed side. Although the paralyzed side approach produced good exercise effects in a short period of time, it could result in adverse effects, such as a decrease in motivation and self-confidence. Therefore, these approaches are considered to be more effective when they are selectively applied depending on the purpose of the intervention and the degree of a patients' participation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.546-554
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2021

Background: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have been used to treat patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, the effect of therapies in cancer patients has yet to be investigated comprehensively. We hypothesized that cyclic thermal therapy would improve blood flow and microcirculation and improve the symptoms driven by CIPN. Methods: The criteria of assessment were blood volume in region of interest (ROI) in the images, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 20 questionnaire scores. The blood volume was quantified by using red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy. All patients were treated 10 times during 10 days. The thermal stimulations, between 15° and 41°, were repeatedly delivered to the patient's hands. Results: The total score of the questionnaires, the score of questions related to the upper limbs, the score of questions closely related to the upper limbs, and the score excluding the upper limbs questions was decreased. The blood volume was decreased, and the variance of blood volume was decreased. During cooling stimulation, the blood volume was decreased, and its variance was decreased. During warming stimulation, the blood volume was decreased, and its variance was decreased. Conclusions: We suggest that cyclic thermal therapy is useful to alleviate CIPN symptoms by blood circulation improvement. RBC scintigraphy can provide the quantitative information on blood volume under certain conditions such as stress, as well as rest, in peripheral tissue.