Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Effect of coadministration of enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) on cardiometabolic outcomes in type-2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

  • Jovanovski, Elena (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Smircic-Duvnjak, Lea (School of Medicine University of Zagreb, University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases) ;
  • Komishon, Allison (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Au-Yeung, Fei (Rodney) (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Sievenpiper, John L. (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Zurbau, Andreea (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Jenkins, Alexandra L. (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Sung, Mi-Kyung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Josse, Robert (Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Li, Dandan (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital) ;
  • Vuksan, Vladimir (Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital)
  • Received : 2019.03.21
  • Accepted : 2019.11.04
  • Published : 2021.09.30
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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension often occur together, amplifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and emphasizing the need for a multitargeted treatment approach. American ginseng (AG) and Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) species could improve glycemic control via complementary mechanisms. Additionally, a KRG-inherent component, ginsenoside Rg3, may moderate blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to investigate the therapeutic potential of coadministration of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng (Rg3-KRG) and AG, added to standard of care therapy, in the management of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors in type-2 diabetes. Methods: Within a randomized controlled, parallel design of 80 participants with type-2 diabetes (HbA1c: 6.5-8%) and hypertension (systolic BP: 140-160 mmHg or treated), supplementation with either 2.25 g/day of combined Rg3-KRG + AG or wheat-bran control was assessed over a 12-wk intervention period. The primary endpoint was ambulatory 24-h systolic BP. Additional endpoints included further hemodynamic assessment, glycemic control, plasma lipids and safety monitoring. Results: Combined ginseng intervention generated a mean ± SE decrease in primary endpoint of 24-h systolic BP (-3.98 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04). Additionally, there was a greater reduction in HbA1c (-0.35 ± 0.1% [-3.8 ± 1.1 mmol/mol], p = 0.02), and change in blood lipids: total cholesterol (-0.50 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), non-HDL-C (-0.54 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.01), triglycerides (-0.40 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.02) and LDL-C (-0.35 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p = 0.06) at 12 wks, relative to control. No adverse safety outcomes were observed. Conclusion: Coadministration of Rg3-KRG + AG is an effective addon for improving BP along with attaining favorable cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Ginseng derivatives may offer clinical utility when included in the polypharmacy and lifestyle treatment of diabetes. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01578837;

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank BTGin for donation of the Rg3-enriched KRG (OKBT), Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals for extraction of AG and Roger Foods Ltd. for their donation of the wheat bran. We thank all the participants, investigators, and trial-site staff who were involved in this study. In addition, we thank Dr. Kristina Blaslov for data collection at the Zagreb site.

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