• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.499-512
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• 2022

This work proposes a novel contactless vibration damping and thermal isolation tripod platform based on Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML). This prototype is suitable for cryogenic environments, where classical passive, semi active and active vibration isolation techniques may present tribological problems due to the low temperatures and/or cannot guarantee an enough thermal isolation. The levitating platform consists of a Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML) with inherent passive static stabilization. In addition, the use of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) technique is proposed to characterize the transmissibility function from the baseplate to the platform. The OMA is based on the Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) by using the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. This paper contributes to the use of SSI-EM for SML applications by proposing a step-by-step experimental methodology to process the measured data, which are obtained with different unknown excitations: ambient excitation and impulse excitation. Thus, the performance of SSI-EM for SML applications can be improved, providing a good estimation of the natural frequency and damping ratio without any controlled excitation, which is the main obstacle to use an experimental modal analysis in cryogenic environments. The dynamic response of the 510 g levitating platform has been characterized by means of OMA in a cryogenic, 77 K, and high vacuum, 1E-5 mbar, environment. The measured vertical and radial stiffness are 9872.4 N/m and 21329 N/m, respectively, whilst the measured vertical and radial damping values are 0.5278 Nm/s and 0.8938 Nm/s. The first natural frequency in vertical direction has been identified to be 27.39 Hz, whilst a value of 40.26 Hz was identified for the radial direction. The determined damping values for both modes are 0.46% and 0.53%, respectively.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2004

사장교에 발생하는 지진에 의한 진동을 감소시키기 위해 추가적인 능동/반능동 제어장치를 부착한 LRB-기반 복합 기초격리 시스템에 대한 논문이다. 복합 기초격리 시스템은 제어장치가 다중으로 작동하기 때문에 LRB가 설치된 교량 시스템과 같은 수동형 기초격리 시스템에 비해 제어 성능이 뛰어나다. 본 논문에서는, LQG 알고리듬에 의해 제어되는 능동형 유압식 가력기와 clipped 최적제어에 의해 제어되는 반능동형 자기유변 유체 (MR) 감쇠기를 추가적인 제어장치로 고려하여 추가적인 응답 감소 효과를 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 미국토목학회의 1단계 벤치마크 사장교에 LRB를 설치한 교량을 고려하였다. 수치해석 결과를 통해, 모든 LRB-기반 복합 기초격리시스템이 구조물의 응답을 효과적으로 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, MR 감쇠기를 채택한 복합 기초격리 시스템은 구조물 강성의 불확실성에 대해 강인성을 보였지만 유압식 가력기를 채택한 경우에는 강인성이 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 반능동형 추가 제어장치를 채택한 복합 기초격리 시스템의 대형 토목구조물에 대한 적용가능성이 제어 성능 및 강인성 면에서 분명하게 검증되었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1102-1111
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• 2007

The theory for a fault-tolerant control of homopolar magnetic bearings is developed. New coil winding law is utilized such that control fluxes are isolated for an 8-pole homopolar magnetic bearing. Decoupling chokes are not required for the fault tolerant magnetic bearing since C-core fluxes are isolated. If some of the coils or power amplifiers suddenly fail, the remaining coil currents change via a distribution matrix such that the same magnetic forces are maintained before and after failure. Lagrange multiplier optimization with equality constraints is utilized to calculate the optimal distribution matrix that maximizes the load capacity of the failed bearing. Some numerical examples of distribution matrices are provided to illustrate the theory. Simulations show that very much the same dynamic responses (orbits or displacements) are maintained throughout failure events while currents and fluxes change significantly.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.47-56
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• 1997

This paper presents the vibration control of an engine mount featuring an ER(electro-rheological) fluid. The Bingham properties of the ER fluid to be employed to the ER engine mount are experimentally obtained through Coeutte type viscometer. The ER engine mount is devised ant its governing equation is derived. After evaluating the performance of the ER engine mount on the basis of the mathematical model, the novel type of the ER engine mount is then designed and manufactured. The electric field-dependent transmissibility of the ER engine mount is evaluated by changing the particle concentration and the electrode gap size. To investigate the control performance of the ER engine mount, neuro-control algorithm is adopted. It is shown that the proposed ER engine mount has prominent capabilities of controlling the damping force by tuning the electric fields and excellent vibration isolation performance.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권1호통권41호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 하이브리드 면진장치가 설치된 단자유도 구조물에 대하여 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 하이브리드 면진장치는 네 개의 FPS와 한 개의 MR 감쇠기로 구성하였다. 다양한 크기 및 특성을 가진 지진하중을 하이브리드 면진장치가 설치된 구조물에 가하여 진동제어 성능을 평가하였다. 본 연구에는 준능동 MR 감쇠기의 저항력을 효과적으로 조절하기 위하여 퍼지제어기를 사용하였고 구조물에 부착된 계측기를 통하여 변위 및 가속도를 피드백으로 이용한다. 수동 및 준능동 제어기법을 사용하여 얻은 구조물의 응답을 서로 비교하였고 그 결과 FPS와 MR 감쇠기의 조합으로 다양한 특성의 하중을 받는 구조물의 진동제어를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2017

최근 자동차의 진동과 소음을 줄이기 위한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있으나 기존의 연구들은 수동형 또는 능동형 마운트를 포함한 마운팅 시스템의 최적화에 대해서는 주목하지 않았다. 본 연구는 진동 소음원과 리시버 사이에 세 개의 구조적 경로를 가진 능동 마운팅 시스템에 대한 분석적인 연구를 수행하며 실제 시스템에의 적용 가능성을 확인한다. 능동 마운팅 시스템은 피에조 스택 액추에이터와 수동형 마운트가 커플링된 구조를 가지고 있다. 전체 시스템에 대한 동적 모델이 유도되고 각 경로의 스택 액추에이터 입력 힘과 위상이 각 경로의 완전한 절연을 타겟으로 하여 결정된다. 진동 저감 성능이 확인되고 이는 가장 좋은 저감을 가져오는 수동형 및 능동형 경로의 최적화된 결합을 제시한다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2016

Precision motion stages used in the manufacturing process of flat-panel displays have inevitably low settling performance due to their huge mass and bulky structures. In order to improve the settling performance, several methods of frame vibration compensation have been developed so far. These methods are used to cancel the vibration by imposing a counter force or modifying the resonance mode of the frame of the stage. To compensate the frame vibration, high force actuators are required. In this paper, a mighty voice coil actuator is proposed to generate the counter force against the frame vibration. The proposed voice coil actuator has an axis-symmetric rectangular structure to achieve a large force with simple and low cost fabrication. Also, the voice coil actuator allows radial clearance up to ${\pm}4mm$. Using an optimized design process and a magnetic circuit model, the power consumption is minimized while the required force is obtained. With a power of 322 W, the VCA has been designed to have a maximum force of 574 N with a force constant of 164 N/A. Experimental results verified the force constant of the fabricated voice coil actuator is well matched with the designed value.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.889-913
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• 2015

Structural vibration characteristics of a semi-active base-isolated building were investigated using seismic observation records including those of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake (Tohoku earthquake). Three different types of analyses were conducted. First, we investigated the long-term changes in the natural frequencies and damping factors by using an ARX model and confirmed that the natural frequency of the superstructure decreased slightly after the main shock of the Tohoku earthquake. Second, we investigated short-term changes in the natural frequencies and damping factors during the main shock by using the N4SID method and observed different transition characteristics between the first and second modes. In the second mode, in which the superstructure response is most significant, the natural frequency changed depending on the response amplitude. In addition, at the beginning of the ground motion, the identified first natural frequency was high possibly as a result of sliding friction. Third, we compared the natural frequencies and damping factors between the conditions of a properly functional semi-active control system and a nonfunctional system, by using the records of the aftershocks of the Tohoku earthquake. However, we could not detect major differences because the response was probably influenced by sliding friction, which had a more significant effect on damping characteristics than did the semi-active dampers.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

This paper deals with vibration control of a small mount with MR(Magneto-Rheological) fluid as a functional fluid mount for precision equipment of automobiles. Damping and stiffness coefficients of the mount with MR fluid are changed by variations of the applied magnetic field strength. We present the robust control scheme, based on a conventional sliding mode control theory, for the design of a stable controller that is capable of vibration control due to various disturbances such as impact and periodic excitations, and is insensitive to dynamic properties of the mount. We got stable controller by using Lyapunov stability theory. The controller is then realized by using a semi-active control condition in simulations. Chattering problem of the sliding mode control is eliminated by saturation function instead of signum function. The sliding mode control with Lyapunov stability theory is superior to passive and Sky-Hook control in performance.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with an optimal control suspension system using the preview information of road input based on a quarter car model. The main purpose of the control is to combine good vibration isolation characteristics with improved attitude control. The optimal control law is derived with the use of calculus of variation, consisting of three parts. The first part is a full state feedback term that includes integral control acting on the suspension deflection to ensure zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road inputs. The second part is a feed-forward term which compensates for the body forces when they can be detected, and the third part depends on previewed road input. The performance of the suspension is evaluated in terms of frequency domain characteristics and time responses to ramp road input and cornering forces. The effects of each part of the suspension controller on the system behavior are examined.