• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2013

The Division Algorithm is known to be the fundamental foundation for Number Theory and it leads to the Euclidean Algorithm and hence the whole theory of divisibility properties. In JiuZhang SuanShu(九章算術), greatest common divisiors are obtained by the exactly same method as the Euclidean Algorithm in Elements but the other theory on divisibility was not pursued any more in Chinese mathematics. Unlike the other authors of the traditional Chinese mathematics, Zhu ShiJie(朱世傑) noticed in his SuanXue QiMeng(算學啓蒙, 1299) that the Division Algorithm is a really important concept. In [4], we claimed that Zhu wrote the book with a far more deeper insight on mathematical structures. Investigating the Division Algorithm in SuanXue QiMeng in more detail, we show that his theory of Division Algorithm substantiates his structural apporaches to mathematics.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제26권2_3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

주세걸(朱世傑) 산학계몽(算學啓蒙)은 조선 산학의 발전에 가장 중요한 역할을 한 산서이다. 천원술을 비롯한 산학계몽(算學啓蒙)의 내용은 조선 산학의 중요한 연구 대상이 되었다. 이 논문의 목적은 주세걸(朱世傑)이 수학적 구조를 강조하면서 산학계몽(算學啓蒙)을 저술한 것을 보여서 조선 산학자들에게 수학적 구조에 대한 이해를 크게 확장한 것을 드러내는 것이다. 이와 함께 주세걸(朱世傑) 이전의 산서에 나타나는 구조적 접근과 산학계몽(算學啓蒙)의 접근을 비교하여 주세걸(朱世傑)의 접근이 뛰어나고 또 현대에 사용되는 구조적 접근과 일치하는 것을 보인다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.109-152
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• 2001

Throughout this paper, I adjusted the study of 'Qian Yi'(錢乙)'s Medical Thought, and the following is the summary. 1. 'Qian Yi' wrote 'Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue'("小兒藥證直訣", edited by 誾季忠), and there were 'Shang Han Lun Zhi Wei'("傷寒論指微"), 'Ying Ru Lun', however those are loss of the record. 2. Qian Yi's 'Zhi Jue'("直訣") was influenced by 'Lu Xin Jing', yet if we compare the quality of 'Sheng Li, Byeng Li, Bang Jae'(生理, 病理, 方劑), 'Lu Xin Jing' cannot be the foundation of 'Zhi Jue'. He took over 'Nei Jing, Shang Han Lun, Jin Gui Yao Lue, Shen Long Ben Cao Jing, Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang'("內經", "傷寒論", "金?要略", "神膿本草經", "太平聖惠方") and put them together to the direct clinical experiences of pediatrics. 3. There is no reference regarding the difficulties of pediatric diagnosis and diseases in 'Huang Di Nei Jing'("黃帝內經") Before 'Bei Song'(北宋), regardless of the lack of data related to pediatric diseases, 'Qian Yi' established the pediatric system in 'Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue' for the first time. 4. In his diagnosis of the pediatric diseases, he 'Si Zhen He Can'(四診合參), also considered in the eye exam seriously. In addition, he closely combined 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng'(五臟辨證), and diagnosis the pediatric diseases. 5. 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', what Qian established method was based on 'Zheng Ti Guan'(整體觀) in 'Huang Di Nei Jing'. It was based on clinical experiences and established the perspectives of 'Tian Ren Xiang Ying'(天人相應). First of all, he pinpointed 'Zhu Zheng'(主證) clearly. Secondly, he pinpointed the relationships to symptoms and then, he distinguished a generic character of 'Xu, Shi, Han, Re'(虛, 實, 寒, 熱). Finally, he made an induction from genealogical pediatric physiology. 6. 'Qian Yi' took a serious view of 'Ban Zhen'(斑疹), the inadequate field in those days. At that time, he criticized on the habituation of the misuse of medication. He treated separately which 'Ji Jing'(急驚) as 'Liang Xie'(凉瀉) and 'Man Jing'(慢驚) as 'Wen Bu'(溫補). He proposed 'Cong Gan Zhu Feng, Xin Zhu Jing'(從肝主風, 心主驚) theory and formulated 'Jing Feng'(驚風) theory as well. 7. As an opponent of a tendency to misusage of medicine, 'Qian Yi' made out a prescription with pliant medicine. He emphasized on the treatment to 'Gong Bu Shang Zheng, Bu Bu Zhi Xie, Xiao Bu Jian Shi'(攻不傷正, 補不滯邪, 消補兼施) because he had so lucid demonstration to 'Xu Shi Han Re'(虛實寒熱) of the five viscera in the field of 'Bang Yak'(方藥). 8. There were no pediatrics schools at that time, however, the pediatrics was being made up gradually by 'Jin Yuan Si Da Jia'(金元四大家) who was influenced by 'Qian Yi'. He raised an objection to medical treatment using pliant medicine. 'Qian Yi' applied 'Qu Xia'(驅下) treatment using 'Han Liang'(寒凉) medicine. 'Han Liang Pai'(寒凉派) is greatly influenced by Qian. 'Chen Wen Zhong'(陳文中) had a great impact on 'Han Liang Pai' who used a 'Zao Shu Wen Bu'(燥熟溫補) medicine for treatment. Since 'Song Jin'(宋金), he had a tremendous influence on pediatrics treating patients in both 'Han Wen'(寒溫) ways. 9. 'Qian Yi' had an influence on his medical thoughts on future generations, especially to 'Wan Quan'(萬全) of 'Ming Dai', 'Wu Tang'(吳塘) of 'Qing Dai'(淸代) and 'Yun Shu Jie'(?樹珏) of 'Min Guo'(民國). 'Wan Quan' is an advocate of 'You Yu, Bu Zu Zhi Shuo'(有餘, 不足之說)of 'Xiao Er Wu Zang'(小兒五臟) that he revealed Qian's 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng'(五臟辨證). 'Wu Tang' disclosed Qian's 'Xiao Er Ti Zhi Shuo'(小兒體質說) and 'Xiao Er Ke'(小兒科)'s 'Yong Yao Lun'(用藥論), therefore, he uncovered pediatric physiological characteristics through the advocate of Qian's 'Zang Fu Rou Ruo, Ji Gu Nen Qie, Yi Xu Yi Shi, Yi Han Yi Re' (臟腑柔弱, 肌骨嫩怯, 易虛易實, 易寒易熱). 'Yun Shu Jie' developed intrinsic relationships among time, symptom and 'Tian Ren Xiang Ying Guan'(天人相應觀), What 'Qian Yi' stated about them. And also, he developed Qian's 'Di Huang Wan'(地黃丸), 'Xie Qing Wan'(瀉靑丸), 'Yi Huang San'(益黃散) clinical usages as well. 10. Regarding Qian's 'Wu Zang Xu Shi'(五臟虛實), it has an influence on 'Zhang Yuan Su'(張元素)'s 'Zang Fu Bing Ji Bian Zheng'(臟腑病機辨證). 'Di Huang Wan', 'Xie Qing Wan', 'Xie Xin Tang'(瀉心湯), 'Yi Huang San', 'Xie Huang San'(瀉黃散) are the standard prescription of 'Wu Zang Bu Xie'(五臟補瀉). It is under the influence of Qian's treatment. Besides, 'Qian Yi' took a serious view of 'Xiao Er'(小兒)'s 'Pi Wei'(脾胃). 'Qian Yi' had an impact on 'Li Dong Yuan'(李東垣) one of the member of 'Bu Tu Pai'(補土派). 'Di Huang Wan', which placed great importance on 'Bu Yi Shen Yin'(補益腎陰), had a great impact on 'Da Bu Yin Wan'(大補陰丸) and 'Jin Yuan Si Da Jia' as well. 11. In a theory of Qian's 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', though it had been stated clearly in 'Wu Zang Bian Zheng', but he neglected in 'Liu Fu Bian Zheng'(六腑辨證). In prescription field, The problem with the medicine is that it is either toxic or mineral, therefore, we are not able to use those medicine in a clinical testing at the present time.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2012

주세걸(朱世傑)의 ${\ll}$산학계몽(算學啓蒙)${\gg}$은 조선 산학 발전에 가장 큰 영향을 준 산서 중 하나이고, 경선징(慶善徵)의 ${\ll}$묵사집산법${\gg}$은 현존하는 조선 산서중에 가장 오래된 것이다. 이 논문에서는 ${\ll}$산학계몽(算學啓蒙)${\gg}$ (상권(上卷))과 ${\ll}$묵사집산법${\gg}$ (권상(卷上))의 문제를 비교 분석하여 이 두 산서에서 나타나는 수학 교육적 구성과 구조를 조사하여 두 저자의 구조는 현재에도 그대로 사용할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

주세걸(朱世傑)의 산학계몽(算學啓蒙)은 조선 산학의 발전에 가장 큰 기여를 하였다. 19세기 중엽에 출판된 산학계몽주해(算學啓蒙註解)를 조사하여 19세기 조선 산학의 발전을 연구한다. 홍정하(洪正夏)의 구일집(九一集)의 방정식논(方程式論)과 서양 수학의 영향을 받아 구조적으로 산학계몽(算學啓蒙)을 연구하여 저술한 산학계몽주해(算學啓蒙註解)는 19세기 조선의 대수학 발전의 기초를 이룬 산서이다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

송(宋), 원대(元代)의 가장 중요한 산학자(算學者) 소구배(泰九韶), 이치(李治), 주세걸(朱世傑)이 19세기 조선(朝鮮)에서 연구되어 19세기 중엽 조선(朝鮮) 산학(算學), 특히 대수학 분야가 크게 발전하였다. 이 논문에서는 사원옥감(四元玉鑑)이 조선(朝鮮) 산학(算學)에 미친 영향을 조사한다. 나사림(羅士琳)의 사원옥감세초(四元玉鑑細艸)를 연구한 남병길(南秉吉)의 옥감세초상해(玉監細艸詳解), 이상혁(李尙爀)의 저서로 추정되는 사원옥감(四元玉鑑)과 이에 기초하여 저술된 남병길(南秉吉)의 산학정의(算學正義), 이상혁(李尙爀)의 익산(翼算)을 조사하여 사원옥감(四元玉鑑)과 조선(朝鮮) 산학(算學) 발전의 관계를 연구한다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.702-713
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• 2018

Power loss reduction and total harmonic distortion(THD) minimization are two important goals of improving three-level inverters. In this paper, an optimized pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy that can reduce switching losses and balance the neutral point with an optional THD of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverters is proposed. An analysis of the two-level discontinuous PWM (DPWM) strategy indicates that the optimal goal of the proposed PWM strategy is to reduce switching losses to a minimum without increasing the THD compared to that of traditional SVPWMs. Thus, the analysis of the two-level DPWM strategy is introduced. Through the rational allocation of the zero vector, only two-phase switching devices are active in each sector, and their switching losses can be reduced by one-third compared with those of traditional PWM strategies. A detailed analysis of the impact of small vectors, which correspond to different zero vectors, on the neutral-point potential is conducted, and a hysteresis control method is proposed to balance the neutral point. This method is simple, does not judge the direction of midpoint currents, and can adjust the switching times of devices and the fluctuation of the neutral-point potential by changing the hysteresis loop width. Simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.2387-2393
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• 2013

Benzotriazole is an important synthetic auxiliary for potential clinical applications. A series of benzotriazoles as potential antiproliferative agents by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) were recently reported. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), including comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), were performed to elucidate the 3D structural features required for the antiproliferative activity. The results of both ligand-based CoMFA model ($q^2=0.647$, $r^2=0.968$, ${r^2}_{pred}=0.687$) and CoMSIA model ($q^2=0.685$, $r^2=0.928$, ${r^2}_{pred}=0.555$) demonstrated the highly statistical significance and good predictive ability. The results generated from CoMFA and CoMSIA provided important information about the structural characteristics influence inhibitory potency. In addition, docking analysis was applied to clarify the binding modes between the ligands and the receptor HDAC. The information obtained from this study could provide some instructions for the further development of potent antiproliferative agents and HDAC inhibitors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.683-687
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• 2012

Ku70 plays an important role in DNA double-strand break repair. Studies revealing conflicting results on the role of the Ku70-1310C/G promoter polymorphism on cancer risk led us to perform a meta-analysis to investigate this relationship. Ten case-control studies with 2566 cases and 3058 controls were identified. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. The overall results suggested no association between the Ku70-1310C/G promoter polymorphism and total cancer risk. However, on stratified analysis, significantly increased risks were observed among the Asian population (GG vs. CC: OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.10-2.06; GG vs. CC/CG: OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.07-2.01) and population-based case-control studies (GG vs. CC: OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.12-2.22; CG vs. CC: OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.11-1.64; CG/GG vs. CC: OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.14-1.65). Additionally, variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk (GG vs. CC: OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.26-2.56; GG vs. CC/CG: OR=1.40, 95%CI=1.01-1.95).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1961-1970
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• 2014

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.