• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1013-1030
• /
• 2010

Recently a prevailing trend in marketing has been the use of consumer participations or prosumer activities and this has caused consumers to become skeptical in their treatment of information found on blogs. Therefore, these marketing practices can be usefully examined to ensure they represent a neutral source of information for consumers. This study thus investigated married women's production activities of consumer information using personal blogs, their motives and experiences, and the characteristics of the information they produced. A qualitative study was undertaken using focus group interviews with two groups of sixteen married women in their 30's and 40's. Results suggested that personal bloggers' information production activities were primarily initiated by businesses and that bloggers were paid for their activities either with money or through the products they reviewed. Although the information produced was, because of its basis in consumer experience, consumer friendly, its quality was limited in the sense because it primarily reflected the perspective of businesses. The bloggers, themselves, expressed ethical uncertainty about their practices. Implications for consumer education and policy were also discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2019

This study aims is to analyze of existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender differences in wages, defining of gender pay gap determinants, and to evaluate the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. This paper begins by reviewing trends in gender stereotypes and gender segregation during the past several decades. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of gender pay gap. The developed methodological tools will allow providing authentic and formal analysis on gender pay gap and identifying the main determinants of gender pay differences. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of wage gap in Kazakhstan's regions and the Duncan's dissimilation index allows us to trace the dynamics of changes in the professional structure between men and women. According to the results, gender pay gap is narrowing with the reduction of the job level and discrimination is related to differences in human capital and education. Wages in the industrial sector are higher for men than for women, because men's professions are characterized by severe and unhealthy working conditions. In addition, employers prefer male managers, but if they take woman managers, they give them salary 3 times less.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.27-41
• /
• 2014

This study attempted to explain how middle-aged married men and women prospected their family life in terms of their future coresident family members, caregivers, and residence, and what factors were associated with these prospects. The prospects reflected their realistic expectation rather than their preference based on their current life situations. Data were drawn from a survey of 800 married men and women in their 50s and 60s in Seoul and Gyunggi-do. Following previous research, we examined how resources (age, sex, health status, spouse's health status, number of children, current living arrangement, and household income), subjective perception on their responsibility for their parents and children, and relational satisfaction with their spouse and with their children were associated with the prospect. The results showed that these factors were associated with the prospect which is with whom they would live, who would care for them, and where they would live in different ways. The resources were more likely to be associated with the prospect on coresident family members and residence. The perceptions on responsibility were more likely to be associated with the prospect on caregivers. The relational satisfaction was more likely to be associated with the prospect on coresident members. These results underscored that the characteristics of caregiving and family life would change in 10-20 years. Family policymakers need to take these changes into consideration as they deal with issues of family policy.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2017

SNS(Social Network Service)를 통해 개인의 의견을 표현하거나 논의가 이루어짐에 따라 SNS는 여론의 방향을 판단할 수 있는 새로운 근거로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 변화는 선거에서도 나타나고 있는데, 다수의 유권자들의 SNS를 통해 다양한 의견을 개진하기 때문에 후보자도 새로운 소통의 장으로 활용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 선거에 대한 SNS 상의 관심 정도가 실제 선거결과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알기 위해서 우리나라 20대 국회의원 선거과정에서의 SNS 관심도를 수집하고 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 전통적인 여론조사 결과와 비교하여 어느 것이 더 결과를 잘 예측했는지 비교해 보았다. 결론적으로 전통적인 여론조사보다는 SNS관심도가 선거결과에 더 일치하였음을 알 수 있었다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.43-74
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of perceptions of work and family life on employee job satisfaction and to form a policy approach that contributes to the enhancement of worker satisfaction. In particular, we wanted to analyze how the characteristics of each variable appeared in industry groups with different gender ratios of workers. A notable point of the study was that the respondents who answered that work and family had similar importance were satisfied with their working conditions. In addition, it was found that the higher an employee's evaluation of the work-family reconciliation policy, the higher the employee's satisfaction with their working conditions. As a result of a path analysis, it was found that the most male-dominant industry was manufacturing, and the most female-dominant industry was health and social welfare. In the case of respondents who were employed in the most-male dominant industry, the degree of an employee's understanding of the work-family reconciliation policy recognition, rather than the relative priorities of work and family life, had a greater effect on job satisfaction. On the other hand, respondents who were employed in the most-female dominant industry confirmed that their level of education was highly related to the degree of institutional recognition.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통계학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2002

We consider a generalized N-policy for an M/M/1 queueing system. The idle server starts to work with ordinary service rate when a customer arrives. If the number of customers in the system reaches N, the service rate gets faster and continues until the system becomes empty. Otherwise, the server finishes the busy period with ordinary service rate. We obtain the limiting distribution of the number of customers in the system. After assigning various operating costs to the system, we show that there exists a unique fast service rate minimizing the long-run average cost per unit time.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통계학회 2004년도 학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.295-300
• /
• 2004

We consider a G/M/1 queue with two-stage service policy. The server starts to serve with rate of ${\mu}1$ customers per unit time until the number of customers in the system reaches A. At this moment, the service rate is changed to that of ${\mu}2$ customers per unit time and this rate continues until the system is empty. We obtain the stationary distribution of the number of customers in the system.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통계학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2003

We consider an M/G/1 queueing system under P$_{\lambda}^{M}$-service policy. As soon as the workload exceeds threshold ${\lambda}$ > 0, the service rate is increased from 1 to M ${\geq}$ 1 and is kept until the system becomes empty. After assigning several costs, we show that there exists a unique M minimizing the long-run average cost per unit time.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2016

Regarding the role of infrastructure in the university and education sector, which is the most important factor for securing future competitiveness of a country, timely application from qualified applicants is an important factor. Thus, this study is to propose creative value regarding education and certification for smart IT sector, which will be a major topic in continuous technology development over the next 10 more years, and to bring out ripple effects by policy research regarding education and certification for smart IT sector in the software-oriented society. This research on policy regarding education and certification for smart IT sector in the software oriented society can be used as a guideline in education and certification for smart IT sector at colleges and can be also used for establishing groundwork for completing practical education required in smart ICT field at colleges and for cultivating mobile app program developers required by enterprises.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2006

This study reviews trends of Japanese consumer policies, with particular attention to the situations of operating local consumer centers, in an effort to find ways to develop rapidly changing local consumer administration practices in Japan. Budget cut on consumer administration by the Japanese government has resulted in a reduction of consumer centers in Todohuken, while new consumer policy, which seeks greater consumer independence, has encouraged civil consumer groups' participation in consumer administration. In particular, entrustment of consumer centers to civil groups has increasingly stimulated more region-oriented local consumer policies and enhanced the efficiency of consumer administration. To activate local consumer administration, it seems necessary to provide assistance to entrusted civil groups, strengthen business regulations of Todohuken administration, and ensure more effective operation practices of civil consumer groups.