• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.182-197
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• 1996

For the purpose of examining the relationship between smoking, perceived stress and vulnerability factors, and furthermore suggesting interventions to reduce excessive smoking and prevent nicotine dependency effectively, the questionnaires of perceived stress(stressful experiences), ways of stress coping(passive and active copings), smoking motives, social influence, age, amounts of smoking, and nicotine dependency were administered to smokers among medical students in Chosun university(n=186). 1) As a result of classifying smokers by the types of smoking, the most was a type of smokers to reduce negative emotions and the next in order were addictive smokers, smoker for stimulation, smoker for pleasure, etc. 2) The effects of motive, age, and active coping style were significant, but the effects of perceived stress, passive coping style, and social influence were not significant in average amount of daily smoking. 3) The effects of motive, social influence, and age were significant, but the effects of perceived stress, passive and active coping styles were not significant in the degree of nicotine dependency. To summarize, it is concluded that there were a lot of people who smoke to solve negative emotions, but the direct effects of perceived stress and passive coping style on both average amounts of daily smoking and the degree of nicotine dependency were not significant. On the other hand, motive, age, active coping style, and social influence were proved to be more important variables than the others in explaining college students' smoking.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare perceived stress and coping patterns, and their effects on depression between cancer patients and healthy adults. Methods: A descriptive design was used with 278 subjects, consisting of 139 cancer patients and 139 health adults, living in an urban area. All participants completed the following prerequisites; Stress Visual Analog Scale, Ways of Coping Checklist (W.C.C.L), Depression Index (CES-D), and Demography and Disease Data Questionnaire. Results: Perceived stress and depression were significantly higher, while wishful thinking was lower among cancer patients than healthy adults, after adjusting for education and family income which were not homogeneous between the groups. Among cancer patients, 20.2% of depression was mainly due to seeking support (10.7%), perceived stress and education, while 30.7% of depression in healthy adults was due to perceived stress, problem solving, and seeking support. Conclusion: These findings suggest that interventions to manage depression in cancer patients should include strategies to best foster positive coping patterns and reduce perceived stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 2010

This qualitative study explored the causes of student teacher stress during an early childhood teaching practicum and investigated the ways in which student teachers cope with this stress. Four student teachers in the same practicum placement were individually interviewed. The findings revealed that stress arose over a variety of concerns including both lack of professional knowledge related to the teaching practice and the challenges involved in establishing a positive relationship with their cooperating teacher, the parents and staff. The stress experienced by the student teacher was accompanied by physical symptoms such as exhaustion, fatigue, and the onset of vulnerability to colds. However, the students were found to be generally unsuccessful in managing their stress effectively. The results suggest that attempts to improve the practicum environment should be accompanied by academic interests and practical issues related to these stresses and that there is a clear need for programs designed to assist student teachers develop stress management skills.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.932-940
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare ways of coping and physical symptoms of realistic optimist with unrealistic optimist in university students. Methods: The participants for this study were students from three university, located in Seoul and Gangwon province. The data were collected by a questionnaire given to the students. Results: The most frequently used coping skills of realistic/unrealistic optimist was the pursuit of social support. Realistic optimists are likely to use not only active coping skills but also passive coping skills, on the other hand unrealistic optimists tend to less use all coping skills. But in physical health, it doesn't show a significant differences except gastro-intestinal symptoms between two group. Conclusion: Based on the finding of this study, it is needed nursing intervention for strengthening realistic optimism for helping university students cope with stress and health.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.157-172
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• 2001

This study was done to examine stressors that middle-aged men experience and how they deal with them. The subjects of this study are married men at the age of thirty five to fifty, the average age is 41.43(SD=5.46),27,580,070 income,1.14 (58= 1.21) children. and married to 13.87 years. The average of every stressor of middle-aged men turned out to be similar, but they are aware of their physical stress at most, stress from family and mentality ranks at second, and stress at job is the lowest. The coping behavior towards stress shows direct-active behavior at most, direct-inactive behavior and indirect-active behavior are in the close level, and indirect-inactive behavior takes the lowest portion. From the analysis, there were differences in stressors and dealing behaviors according to individual character and the family, they use different coping ways depending on stressors. Men became to be highly conscious of the crisis of the middle-aged life in rapidly changing society and family. Therefore, we need to figure out stressors they go through and develop the strategies to cope with stress so that they could support middle-aged men's quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pre-service early childhood teachers' self-expression and stress coping style on their human nature. More specifically, this study attempted to investigate how teachers' human nature, self-expression and stress coping style are correlated with another and determine how much human nature is influenced by the other variables, ultimately providing basic information necessary for improving the humanity of pre-service preschool teachers. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, correlations among pre-service early childhood teachers' self-expression, stress coping style and human nature were investigated to find that those teachers' human nature and self-expression have close relationships with each other and that the two variables are significantly related with their stress coping style. Second, the influences of pre-service preschool teachers' self-expression and stress coping style on their human nature were analyzed to find that the human nature of those teachers as a whole and some sub-areas of the variables like positive self-concept and human creativity have significant relationships with their self-expression and stress coping style. Finally, based on these findings, this study discussed how to establish and manage a curriculum that helps to improve the human nature of pre-service early childhood teachers of junior colleges. It also hopes to find effective ways to manage the department of education.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and coping skills among middle school students. Method: The participants were 674 students in three middle schools in GyeongGi-Do. The data were collected from June 10 to 20, 2005. The instruments used were the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Ways of Coping Checklist. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-Win 12.0 program. Result: Self-esteem showed a significant positive correlation with positive coping skills (r= .162. p= .000). As for the positive coping skills, there was a significant difference by grade (F= 4.69, p= .010), relationship with parent (F=4.036, p= .02), and relationship with siblings (F=3.902, p= .02). As for the negative coping skills, there was a significant difference by grade (F=3.05, p= .04), condition of living with parents (F=3.559, p= .02), economic status (F=3.736, p= .02), relationship with sibling (F=3.408, p= .03), and troubling matters (F=5.422, p= .005). Conclusion: Positive coping skills may be effective for adjustment because they positively related to self-esteem. Self-esteem and coping skills should be considered when an adolescent's mental health enhancement program is designed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 2015

This study was done to identify the new ways improving mental health of college students through search the influence on their mental health by their perfectionism, self esteem, perceived stress and its coping efforts. Participants consisted of 206 male and female college students who are attending in 3 universities in K province. Data was analyzed by frequencies, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Mental health were significant correlation with perceived stress, coping efforts on their tasks and emotional stress, perfectionism obtained from society, and self esteem. In order to improving mental health of college student, it is crucial to intensify sociality and develop multidisciplinary educational program on the basis of the results of this study.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and job related factors as risk factors for mental health of firefighters. Methods : The data of 202 fire-fighters was analyzed by using a multinomial logistic regression analysis. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires including demographics (sex, age, work duration), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Colleague related traumatic events, the Korean occupational stress scale, the Korean Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were divided into three groups according to the level of stress and depressive symptom scores: Low Stress-Low Depression (LS-LD), High Stress-Low Depression (HS-LD), and High Stress-High Depression (HS-HD). Results : A job related factor-organizational injustice-was a significant factor related to HS-LD, while individual factors such as active coping level and childhood trauma experience and a job related factor-difficult physical environment-were significantly associated with HS-HD. Conclusion : These results imply the need to take both individual and environmental approaches into account when managing the stress and depression of firefighters. More specifically, psycho-education to facilitate active coping strategy and adaptive emotional regulation at the individual level and the improvement of physical work environment of firefighters should be supported.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.18-32
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• 1994

It is important to understand that patients with hemiplegia are under stress during the rehabilitation process. This study was designed to determine what changes occur in the stress perceived by these patients during the rehabilitation process. and what changes occur in the ways they coped with stress. A decriptive study with a longitudinal design was conducted. A total of 57 patients with hemiplegia who were admitted to one general hospital made up the sample for this study. A questionnaire, observations and interviews were used for the data collection which was done in three phases(within one week after admission : within one week before discharge ; within one month after discharge ). Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA repeated measures of ANOVA, and post hoc paired t -test, Bonferroni correction. The results of this study are : 1. Changes in the perception of stress during the rehabilitation process : There was a statistically significant differencs in the perception of stress among these patients during the rehabilitation process. On the post-hoc test. the perception of stress showed a statistically significant decrease from admission to discharge. The perception of psychological stress was high during the rehabilitation process as compared with the perception of physical and social stress. 2. Changes in the way the patients coped during the rehabilitation process : On admission passive coping was used by most of the subjects(91.2％). Passive coping showed an decrease from admission to discharge, but an increase from discharge to follow-up at one month post discharge. There was, however, no statistically significant changes in the way the patients coped during the rehabilitation process. 3. Changes in perception of stress during the rehabilitation process according to variables. Perception of stress among patients classified as So-Um was higher during the rehabilitation process, when compared with patients classified as So- Yang and Tae-Um. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in perception of stress over time. The patients with right sided paralysis perceived higher stress than those with left sided paralysis. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in perception of stress over time. Hence, stress was not influenced by which side was paralyzed th frequency of the relapse of the disease, or the time in the rehabilitation process. 4. Changes in coping during the rehabilitation process according to variables. There was a statistically significant difference in the way the patients coped at follow- up according to the three different kinds of the constitution groups. In other words, coping was not used by patients classified as Tae-Um but was used by those classified as So-Um. On the repeated measures of ANOVA, there was a statstically significant difference in stress over time, and an interaction between constitution and time. But the way of coping during the rehabilitation process was not influenced by which side was paralyzed nor by the frequency of the relapse of the disease. In conclusion, perception of psychological stress was high during the rehabilitation process, as compared to perception of physical and social stress. There was a statistcally significant difference in the perception of stress over time, Perception of stress showed a gradual decrease from over admission to follow-up period. There was. however, no statistically significant difference in the way of coping over time. Passive coping was used by most of patients. In the study, these findings suggest a need for nursing care related to the psychological support for patients with hemiplegia both in the hospital as well as at home, and the need for education and counseling on independent self-care to help the hemiplegic patients adapt to stress using active coping.