• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1983

A distribution map of black pine, Pinus thunbergii, in south Korea was prepared through field surveys. According to Mirov(1967), the range of black pine is limited in east Asia, Japan and Korea; its northern limit is at about 41。34' north and its southern limit on Takara island, south Kyushu, at 29。 north. According to the present map, its northern limit coincided with the isopath of warmth index 100 by Yim(1977). The density of pine in grid mesh, about 4 km * 4 km, was higher at costal area than that in inland area, and it was also higher at sea side slope than the opposite slope of the same mountain. This suggests that the ecological distribution of black pine is greatly affected by salt content of the soil or the optimal range of summed temperature for the pine growth.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2007

This study's objects are to predict distribution and to assess vulnerability of sub-alpine vegetations in the Korean peninsula for climate change using various climate models. This study validates relationship between sub-alpine vegetations and environmental factors using Pearson correlation analysis. Then, the future distribution of sub-alpine vegetations are predicted by a logistic regression. The major findings in this study are; First, spring mean temperature (March-May), total precipitation, elevation and warmth index are highly influencing factors to the distribution of sub-alpine vegetations. Second, the sub-alpine vegetations will be disappeared in South Korea and concentrated around Baekdu Mountain in North Korea. North Korea is predicted to have serious impact of climate change because temperature will be increased higher than in South Korea. The study findings concluded that the assessment of the future vulnerability of sub-alpine vegetations to climate change are significant.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1987

The forest vegetation of Mt. Chil-gab was studied from 1983 to 1984. By Z-M method, the actual vegetation was classified into 8 communities and 1 plantation; Quercus variabilis, Q. variabilis-Styrax obassia, Q variabilis-Q. dentata, Q. varisbilid-Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima-Q. variabilis, Zelkova serrata-Styrax japonica, Capinus laxiflora, Pinus densiflora community and Larix leptolepts plantation (on the mountain foot) community. The plant communities of Q. variabilis and S. japonica as edaphic climax, in terms of the isopleth line of warmth index. Based on the data of vegetation survey and environmental analysis, the actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map were perpared with scale of 1/25, 000.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2019

본 연구는 인천해안지역의 난온대성 상록활엽수 겨울철 생장에 영향을 미치는 미기후 요인을 시뮬레이션 기법을 통해 도출하였다. 인천 해안지역 서구 오류동~남동구 고잔동의 온량지수는 $98.9^{\circ}C{\cdot}month{\sim}109.0^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$이었고, 1월 평균기온 $-2.9^{\circ}C{\sim}-1.6^{\circ}C$, 최한월 최저기온 $-13.9^{\circ}C{\sim}-3.6^{\circ}C$ 수준으로, 상록활엽수 분포기준인 온량지수 $101.0^{\circ}C{\cdot}month{\sim}117.0^{\circ}C{\cdot}month$, 최한월 최저기온 $-9.2^{\circ}C$이하로 상록활엽수가 생장하기 부적합한 지역으로 나타났다. 상록활엽수가 생장하는 공간에 도달하는 풍속의 저감정도와 가온효과에 대한 시뮬레이션을 실시한 결과, 상록활엽수 생장공간에서는 겨울 북서풍이 건축물 등에 의해 해안풍속이 8.6m/sec에서 도달풍속은 5~7m/sec로 완화되었고, 건축물 1m 이내에서는 건축물 복사에너지의 영향으로 $1.1^{\circ}C{\sim}3.4^{\circ}C$ 가량의 가온효과가 나타났다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 상록활엽수의 겨울철 생장피해에 영향을 미치는 기후요소는 풍속으로, 차폐에 의한 풍속저감과 함께 건축물에 의한 국부적 가온효과가 상록활엽수의 겨울생장이 가능한 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 인천 해안지역에 생장하고 있는 상록활엽수는 중부지방의 겨울철 저온에 점진적으로 식물이 적응하는 순화의 과정으로 판단할 수 있었고, 기온이 $-18.0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 겨울한파에 견디는 내동능력과 바람에 의한 증발산을 견딜 수 있는 동건해(凍乾害)에 내성이 상록활엽수 겨울 생장을 좌우하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.357-368
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• 2013

본 연구는 한반도 풍혈지 식생에 대하여 ZM학파의 식물사회학적 방법을 통해 식물군락의 특성을 밝히고 풍혈지의 보전 및 관리에 필요한 기초자료를 제공을 목적으로 수행되었다. 풍혈지는 지하에 저온층이 존재하는 크고 작은 바위들의 집적지로서, 지표면에 열려진 공극으로부터 자연적인 냉풍이 불어 나와 국소적으로 저온환경이 형성된 지역이다. 63개 식생조사 자료를 이용하여 풍혈지의 식물군락을 구분한 결과, A. 굴참나무-한들고사리군락, B. 신갈나무-박달나무군락, B-1. 졸참나무-가는잎쐐기풀하위군락, B-2. 마가목-인가목조팝나무하위군락, B-3. 털댕강나무-개병풍하위군락, B-4. 전형하위군락의 2개 군락 4개 하위군락으로 구분되었다. DCCA분석 결과, 굴참나무, 쥐똥나무, 느티나무, 분꽃나무 등을 구분종으로 하는 굴참나무-한들고사리군락은 신갈나무, 쉬땅나무, 함박꽃나무, 당단풍나무, 민둥인가목 등을 구분종으로 하는 신갈나무-박달나무군락보다 온량지수와 강수량이 많은 지역과 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 인가목조팝나무, 마가목, 흰인가목, 산앵도나무, 산겨릅나무, 퍼진고사리, 전나무을 구분종으로 하는 마가목-인가목조팝나무하위군락과 구분종을 가지고 있지 않은 전형하위군락은 다른 하위군락에 비하여 높은 해발과 많은 강수량 지역에 분포하였으며, 당조팝나무, 털댕강나무, 개병풍, 산토끼고사리, 북분취, 일본잎갈나무 등을 구분종으로 하는 털댕강나무-개병풍하위군락은 인간활동에 의하여 일광 노출이 많은 지역에 분포하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.707-714
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• 2004

This study was carried out to research the actual condition of narrator models' wearing uniform, targeting on the narrator models who are being currently active and are from 19-year-old to 30-year-old. A poll was performed through visiting internet circles and spots, and the characteristic of objects, the form of uniform, attitude on uniform, dissatisfaction index on wearing uniform and preference index on wearing uniform were researched. It was carried out from August 18, 2003 to August 31, 2003. In order to perform this study, 161 questionnaires were used in all, and frequency analysis was implemented using SPSS 10.0. The objects of study were composed of female. Those who are from 21-year-old to 25-year-old accounted for 74.5%, and those who have career from 2 years to 3 years accounted for 75.5%. In respect to attitude on wearing uniform, affirmative answers, affirmative answers, such as a sense of belonging, a pride in activity and increase of efficiency, accounted for 68.8%. On the other hand, in respect to a harmonization between uniform and work, just the 39.8-percent showed affirmative reaction. Concerning the functionality of uniform, such as retaining warmth and ventilating, dissatisfaction index showed very high value; it is judged that it should be improved henceforth. Working postures were researched, following the order of standing posture and arm-using posture. In inconvenient actions, bending down and moving arms were orderly pointed out. With regard to the dissatisfaction of size, busts, the length of skirt and waist girth were orderly pointed out. Likewise, considering the parts of which room is required, bust, hip girth and waist girth were orderly pointed out. As to the points that should be bettered, design and functionality were orderly pointed out. In respect to materials of uniform, sweat-absorption material, light material and well-ventilated material were orderly suggested.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2008

We obtained quantitative information on leaf unfolding and leaf shedding by observing 45 species of cool temperate deciduous trees in an arboretum over 5 growing seasons. These trees were in leaf (the foliage period) for 207 days on average after 1 April; 50% of leaves had been shed by 192 days after 1 April. Duration from the start of leaf unfolding to 50% leaf shedding was 157 days on average. Leaf unfolding began 35 days on average after 1 April. For leaf unfolding to begin, a$ 51^{\circ}C{\cdot}day$ of cumulated daily mean air temperature above $5^{\circ}C$ from 1 January (modified Kira's warmth index) was needed. Fifty-nine days elapsed between initiation and the final stage of leaf unfolding. The period of net photosynthetic assimilation was 157 days. The species with succeeding- type leaf unfolding associated with the anemochore seed type dominated the early stage of succession, while the species with flush-type leaf unfolding tended to dominate the late stage of succession. Few species were found in regions where late frosts occur after the day when the cumulative temperature for leaf unfolding is achieved. Biological characteristics include time of leaf unfolding, which affects the life history of each species, so that each species occupies its own niche in the stand. We conclude that that leaf phenology, such as timing of leaf unfolding and leaf shedding, is one of the components of each species' ecological characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1983

Vegetation types and their standing crop in the sand dune on the south coast of Korea was investigated by the method of Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. (1951). The relationship between vegetation types and environmental factors was also analyzed. The dominant species in the vegetations of the south coast sand dune were Carex pumila, Calystegia soldamella, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Vitex rotundifolia, Ixeris repens, Carex kobomugi, Zoysia macrostachya. The species density in the sand dune vegetation increased with the distance from the coast, psammophyte and rhizome psammophyte decreased with the distance from the coast but other plants increased. The standing crop of the sand dune vegetatiion was average $53.79g/m^2$. An individual standing crop of Vitex routundifolia and Carex kobomugi varied with the curve of secondary degree. The salt content of the sand dune soil from 2.95 to 11.78 mg %, and it was not significant differences among stands, but it was varied with the distance form the coast. Negative relationship between warmth index and aboveground standing crop was found and the formula y=283.8886 - 2.4910X could be estimated.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.397-410
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• 2018

This study investigated the flame retardant, anti-static property and wear comfort of knitted fabrics made of two kinds of composite yarns comprised of modacryl, antistatic PET, cotton and excel(R) fibers. A Low Oxygen Index (LOI) above 28 was observed in the modacryl knitted fabric specimens. The flame retardant was superior at the excel(R) fiber (including modacryl knitted fabric) than the one including cotton fiber. Anti-static properties of the modacryl knitted fabrics imbedded by 3wt% of antistatic PET fibers were observed by rubbing with wool fabric attached to the measuring apparatus, which showed a better anti-static property than the excel(R) fiber (including modacryl knitted fabric). Wear comfort indicated that quick perspiration absorption and the fast dry property of excel(R) (including modacryl knitted fabric) was better than one that included cotton fiber. Warmth keepability and breathability of the knitted fabrics indicated good results in the excel(R) (including cotton and the modacryl knitted fabrics). However, the tactile hand property of cotton fiber (including modacryl knitted fabric) was better than excel(R) fiber due to high extensibility and compressibility, and low bending and shear rigidity of the cotton fiber (including modacryl knitted fabrics).

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2016

This study was conducted to classify agroclimatic zones in South Korea. To classify the agroclimatic zones, such climatic factors as amount of rainfall from April to May, amount of rainfall in October, monthly average air temperature in January, monthly average air temperature from April to May, monthly average air temperature from April to September, monthly average air temperature from December to March, monthly minimum air temperature in January, monthly minimum air temperature from April to May, Warmth Index were considered as major influencing factors on the crop growth. Climatic factors were computed from monthly air temperature and precipitation of climatological normal year (1981~2010) at 1 km grid cell estimated from a geospatial climate interpolation method. The agroclimatic zones using k-means cluster analysis method were classified into 6 zones.